WHY DO PEOPLE OF 1 ETHNIC
BACKGROUND SOMETIMES FAIL TO SEE
OTHERS AS HUMAN TOO?
OBJ: TO TRACE CAUSE AND EFFECT OF
ETHNIC CLEANSING & GENOCIDE IN THE
WORLD
FAST 5
• GIVE 2 EXAMPLES OF ETHNIC CLEANSING
• DEFINE BALKANIZATION
• WHY IS ETHNIC CONFLICT SO WIDESPREAD IN
AFRICA?
• DURING WHAT EVENT WAS THE LARGEST FORCED
MIGRATION IN THE WORLD?
• WHAT ARE THE 4 ETHNICITIES FOUND IN THE UK?
ETHNIC DIVERSITY, COMPETITION & VIOLENCE IN BALKAN
PENINSULA
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WWI BOUNDARIES
YUGOSLAVIA’S COMPLEXITY
WHAT WAS THE CENTRIPETAL FORCE
FOR SUCH COMPLEXITY?
HISTORICALLY HOTBED OF UNREST
POST WWI -1980 STABLE
DEATH OF RULER REVIVED DORMANT
RIVALRIES AMONG
ETHNICITIES/NATIONALITIES
OVERNIGHT LOCAL GOV’T UNITS
BECAME FULLY INDEP COUNTRIES &
ARGUMENTS OVER BORDERS
SELF-DETERMINATION (ABILITY OF A
GOV’T TO DETERMINE THEIR OWN
COURSE FROM FREE WILL)
FOR SOME & NOT FOR OTHER
ETHNCITIES
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BOSNIA MULTI-ETHNIC SO
‘NATIONALITY’ DIFFICULT
MUSLIMS, SERBS, CROATS
ETHNIC CLEANSING PROCESS
WHERE A MORE POWERFUL
ETHNIC GROUP FORCIBLY
REMOVE A LESS POWERFUL
ONE IN ORDER TO CREATE AN
ETHNICALLY HOMOGENOUS
REGION
REMOVAL OF B. MUSLIMSETHNICITY NOT NATIONALITY
DAYTON ACCORDS 1996 DIVIDED B&H INTO 3 REGIONS
SERBIA MULTI-ETHNIC BUT…
KOSOVO & ETHNIC
CLEANSING
NATO 1999 ATTACK LED TO
KOSOVO INDEPENDENCE
BALKANIZED: SMALL GEO
AREA THAT COULDN’T
SUCCESSFULLY BE ORG INTO
STABLE NATION(S)
BALKANIZATION: PROCESS BY
WHICH STATE BREAKS DOWN
THROUGH ETHNIC CONFLICT
MULTI-ETHNIC VS.
HOMOGENEITY????
ETHNIC CLEANSING IN BOSNIA
ETHNIC CLEANSING & GENOCIDE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
IDENTIFY ‘COLORED’ COUNTRIES ON YOUR MAP
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SUDAN, ETHIOPIA, SOMALIA – ETHNIC CONFLICT IN ALL THESE AREAS
SUDAN: SINCE 1980’S – S. SUDAN, DARFUR, EASTERN FRONT
BLACK CHRISTIANS & ANIMISTS OPPOSED MUSLIM LED GOV’T POLICIES
NORTH-SOUTH WAR 1983-2005
S. SUDAN CREATED 2011 BUT FIGHTING CONTINUES OVER BORDERS
NEW ETHNIC CONFLICT IN DARFUR ON HEELS OF RELIGIOUS ONE
CHARGES OF WAR CRIMES AGAINST SUDANESE GOV’T DUE TO GENOCIDE
IN DARFUR
GENOCIDE: MASS KILLING OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE IN AN ATTEMPT TO
ELIMINATE ENTIRE GROUP FROM EXISTENCE
ETHIOPIA & ERITREA: ITALIAN HISTORY & WWII BOUNDARIES
ETHIOPIAN INDEPENDENCE POST WWII & ERITREA UNDER ETHIOPIA
NO AUTONOMY FOR ERITREA & CIVIL WAR LED TO FORCED MIGRATION
OF ERITREAN’S TO SUDAN
SOMALIA: SUNNI, SOMALI LANGUAGE – NATION STATE : INDEPENDENT
COUNTRY DOMINATED BY A RELATIVELY HOMOGENOUS CULTURE GROUP
CENTRAL AFRICA
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COLONIAL LEGACY
RWANDA: HUTU’S & TUTSI’S: SAME
LANGUAGE, SIMILAR BELIEFS &
CUSTOMS & LITTLE PHYSICAL
DIFFERENCES SO WHY GENOCIDE?
FARMERS VS. HERDERS (DARFUR)
WHO CONTROLLED THE GOV’T
HUTU’S ATTACKED TUTSI’S
CONGO: OVERFLOW OF
HUTU/TUTSI CONFLICT INTO
CONGO
DEADLIEST WAR SINCE WWII 5.4M
WHO CONTROLLED THE GOV’T
PRESENT DAY BOUNDARIES DON’T
MATCH ETHNIC BOUNDARIES
SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
BOUNDARIES FOR EURO’S NOT
NATIVE AFRICANS
TIRBE MOST IMPORTANT UNIT OF
AFRICAN SOCIETY & IGNORED IN
DRAWING BOUNDARIES