Core Technologies of the next generation
wireless systems for the high rate mobile
data access services
Workshop on the Communication Core Technology
Educational Culture Center in Seoul
Feb. 14, 2006
By - Bekay (Byung Keun) Lim, Ph.D.
ArrayComm LLC
Agenda
1. Telecommunication Services Status and Trend
2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution
3. Experience of the high rate AMC based technologies
4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology evolution
5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access
6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies
7. Conclusion
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
1
1. Telecommunication Services Status and Trend
• Telecommunication Services Status and Trend
»
Voice to Data & Multimedia
»
Wireline to Wireless
»
Higher Data Speed
»
Voice Centric network to Data Centric network
»
NGN, IPv6, Ubiquitous, 3.5G, 4G,
»
Core Service to Additional Supplementary Services,
»
Converged services
»
Converged market - Public Operator driven Market , Enterprise, and SOHO
Market.
»
Saturated and slow growth.
»
New Revenue Source are required for fast growth
»
Shared equipment to Personalized
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
2
» Voice to Data & Multimedia, Wireline to Wireless, Higher Speed
Information
Rate
LAN/ WLAN
2Mbps
1Mbps
Broadband
Multimedia Services
xDSL,
Cable
modem
Data
Multimedia
Services
144Kbps
64Kbps
Dial up data
PSTN Voice
Voice
Services
Mobile Wireless Voice
Mobility
Fixed
Fixed Wireless
pedestrian
Vehicular
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
3
» Voice Centric network to Data Centric network, NGN, IPv6,
Ubiquitous, 3.5G, 4G,
Legacy Separate Network
Wireless
PSTN
Next Generation Network
DATA
Services
services
Softswitch
Switching Networks
QoS Packet Network
Network
Wireless
PSTN
패킷망
Mobile
Access
Enterprise Home
Access Access
Access Transport
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
4
» Core Service to Additional Supplementary Services,
• PSTN – IN services, 080, Ring Sound, CID, etc.
• PCS, Cellular – SMS, Multimedia, Data
» Converged services, Converged market - Public Operator driven
Market , Enterprise, and SOHO Market.
• DMB over the Handset
• Home Network
» Saturated and slow growth. New Revenue Source are required for
further growth. Subscribers as of Dec.30, 2005
• PSTN – No growth, (decrease) 22.92Mil
• PCS, Cellular – 38.34Milion
• High Speed Internet – 12.14Mil
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
5
» Shared telecommunication equipment to Personalized
• PSTN provides a telecommunication services to every home and
Office (PSTN Phone)
 PCS, Cellular provide a personal services (Handset)
• Broadband Internet Access Services, xDSL, Cable, Metro
Ethernet provide a High Speed Internet Access services to
Home and Office (Desk Top PC)
 Wireless Broadband Access provides a personal
services ( mobile PC)
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
6
2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution
• 2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution
» Voice Centric Network technology
• 3GPP2, IS-95A/B, cdma2000 1x/Ev-Do, 1xEV-Do rev A ,
• 3GPP, WCDMA, CDMA/HSDPA, HSUPA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, TDCDMA,
• GSM, GPRS, EDGE,
» Data Centric network technology
• IEEE802.x, Hiperxxx
• WiFi, WiMAX, WiBro, Mobile WiMAX
• HC-SDMA,
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
7
» From Voice Centric technology to Data Centric technology
• Circuit switch Cellular/PCS to All IP Network
» Narrow Channel Bandwidth to Broad Channel Bandwidth
• 1.25Mhz -> 5Mhz –> 10Mhz -> 20Mhz
• To have a broadband access channel widen the channel
bandwidth
» Uniform Rate service coverage to variable rate service coverage by
AMC
• Symbol modulation for basic voice channel covers full service
areas
• Higher order modulation 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM provides a
portion of coverage areas depend on the SNR
• To achieve the high peak data rate as far as possible
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
8
3. Experience of the high rate AMC based technologies
• 3. Experience of the high rate AMC technologies
» Easy approach to get a higher peak data rate
» Non-uniform service coverage
N
SNR
25
20
25 20 15 10 5 0 dB E
W
15
10
5
0
-5
Distance
S
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
9
» Lower Cell Edge data rate deteriorate the service quality
» Peak Data rate mislead the understanding for the End user even
Operators
» Cause a complain by the poor service quality
< CDMA 2000 1x, WCDMA, GSM >
< 1xEV-DO, EV-DV, HSDPA, WiBro>
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
10
4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology
evolution
• 4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology evolution
» Public wireless service system criterion
• Guarantee the quality of Services
» Public Wireless Services system is different from private wireless system
• ISM band WIFI vs. Licensed Spectrum Radio System
• Cell Planning and Quality
» HSDPA, Mobile WiMAX, WiBro, LTE, 3.5G, 4G, approach is to get a
broadband channel bandwidth, higher rate AMC technique
• Peak rate driven, OFDMA, MIMO, Higher Radio Frequency Band 2.5GHz,
5GHz, etc.
• High RF band is required for Broadband Channel BW
• Propagation loss, uniform service quality, Backhaul Cost limit the
massive deployment
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
11
» Lesson of Commercial experience of the MBWA system, Cellular, Netspot,
• Expensive, Poor quality (non-uniform), Small coverage
• Non-popular services
» Low cost , uniform service quality, higher data rate, higher network capacity
are required.
• For the popular services
» Voice Centric Approach could not break the paradigm of cost, quality
constraint
• User expect similar amount of payment for the data access
• Data services requires several tenth times data capacity compare to
Voice services capacity
» Data centric application network
• Can ensure the Capex and Opex for the MBWA services
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
12
» Data centric telecommunication MBWA network for what?
• Providing services by a cheap cost
• Providing guaranteed service quality
• Providing uniform service quality
• Providing commercial new subscriber (Mobile PC?)
Can not build a MBWA network by a legacy cellular concept
» New Paradigm is required for MBWA network
• Limit some service features (mobility)
• Smaller cell (Pico Cell for high capacity/m²)
• Zone based service coverage ( reduce the Capex and Opex)
• Higher Capacity / footprint ( MBWA requirement)
• AAS for the Cell Edge Data Speed and Quality (Uniformity )
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
13
5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access
• 5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access
» Array Antenna based Adaptive Antenna solution provides wider
coverage and higher capacity
Throughput/cell
(Mbps)
802.11b (83 MHz)
Smart Antenna
Benefit
2/2.5G (10 MHz)
Interference
Limited
Noise
Limited
range (km)
Technical Interpretation
• Gain vs. noise, fading, ... expands envelope to right
• Interference mitigation (+ gain) expands it upwards
Economic Interpretation
• Coverage improvements reduce CapEx, OpEx (esp. backhaul, sites)
• Capacity improvements reduce delivery cost, spectrum requirements
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
14
• Exploiting Channel State Information
User 2,
s2(t)ejt
User 1,
s1(t)ejt
as1(t)-bs
(t) 2(t)
as1(t)
(t)+bs2(t)
+1
+1
2as1(t)
+1
-1
2bs2(t)
• Users’ signals arrive at array with different space-time channels
• Processing provides gain and interference mitigation
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
15
• Gain, Active & Passive Mitigation
co-channel user
passive mitigation
user
active mitigation
coherent gain
omni/sector
reference
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
16
• Protocol Independence
» Applicable to any access & modulation methods
» Processing in parallel on each channel resource
antenna
Transceiver
Channelizer
(TDMA, FDMA, CDMA,
OFDMA)
…
…
…
antenna
Transceiver
Channelizer
(TDMA, FDMA, CDMA,
OFDMA)
Spatial and Temporal Processing
baseband signals/user data
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
17
• SISO, MISO, SIMO, MIMO, …
SISO
» Single Input,
Single Output
MISO
» Multiple Input,
Single Output
SIMO
» Single Input,
Multiple Output
MIMO
SDMA
» Multiple Input,
Multiple Output
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
18
•Antenna Arrays
• Wide variety of geometries and element types
» arrangements of off-the-shelf single elements
» custom arrays
• Array size
» vertical extent determined by element gain/pattern as usual
» horizontal extent, as small as 3-5 lambda
» regular structures with 0.5 lambda subarrays desirable for FDD
• 2 GHz: array of eight 10 dBi elements is 0.5 x 0.75 m
» small!
» conformal arrays for aesthetics
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
19
Common Radio System Logical Layouts for
Advanced Antenna Processing
Base Station
Calibration
Module
Resource
scheduling
and
calibration
control
Antenna
Co-Processing
RF
...
...
Client Device
PHY
MAC
Frame and Control
RF
Antenna
Processing
PHY
MAC
Antenna processing software modules from ArrayComm
Calibration subsystem
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
20
PHS
» HC-SDMA system performance
6.7x capacity
HC-SDMA
improvement through
3 software releases in
microcellular
application, with over
275,000 installations in
service in Japan and
China
Industry’s most sophisticated spatial
processing at work in multiple largescale deployments of true mobile
broadband standard
GSM
12–30 dB link budget and
2–6x capacity improvement in
challenging urban FDD application, large
US operator trial ongoing
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
21
» WiBro/Mobile WiMAX performance -Downlink SINR distribution,
reuse 3
~30%
~10dB
Out of Service
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
22
» WiBro/Mobile WiMAX performance - Downlink SINR distribution,
reuse 1
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
23
Downlink
1100
1000
Average Data Rate [kbps]
900
Downlink
800
Uplink
700
UT#1
1,023
328
600
UT#2
964
329
UT#3
1,027
325
UT#4
892
331
UT#5
1,026
332
UT#7
982
328
UT#8
1,027
328
UT#6
1,025
328
Total
7,966
2,629
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Elasped Time [sec]
Uplink
Throughput [kbps]
Throughput [kbps]
• HC-SDMA , Base Case: 8 Terminals, 8 Carriers
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
0
10
20
30
40
Elasped Time [sec]
50
60
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
24
• Antenna Configurations — Stub & Patch
» Pair 1: co-pol closely spaced
» Pair 2: x-pol
» Pair 3: co-pol distant
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
25
• Wavelength at 2GHz is about 15 cm
• Typical handset dimension is 10 cm x 5 cm
• A 2-antenna solution with 0.3 – 0.5λ antenna separation can be
easily accommodated
• Due to the large angle spread of the received signals, a 0.3 –
0.5λ antenna separation will yield good performances
• ArrayComm has studied handset antenna configurations in
detail
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
26
•Measurement Results – Patch Antennas
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
27
•Measurement Results – Stub Antennas
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
28
•Network Simulation – Ec/Ei in the WCDMA Handset
• 3GPP TR 29.942
• 3 sectors/site
• Max BS power: 20
Watts
• Pilot TX power: 1
Watts
• Cell radius: 1500 m
• Uncorrelated
Shadowing
sigma=8 dB
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
29
Ec/Ei After Cancelling Most Dominant Interferer
• 3GPP TR 29.942
• 3 sectors/site
• Max BS power: 20
Watts
• Pilot TX power: 1
Watts
• Cell radius: 1500 m
• Uncorrelated
Shadowing
sigma=8 dB
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
30
Ec/Ei After Cancelling Two Dominant Interferers
• 3GPP TR 29.942
• 3 sectors/site
• Max BS power: 20
Watts
• Pilot TX power: 1
Watts
• Cell radius: 1500 m
• Uncorrelated
Shadowing
sigma=8 dB
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
31
6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies
• 6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies
» Mitigate the cell edge interference and provide uniform QoS
» Increase the network average throughput
» Increase the network total capacity by SDMA
» Easy to implement on top of existing technologies
» Optimum solution for data centric application system
» MIMO Now
• BS AAS (Multiple RX/TX)
• Handset AAS ( 2 Rx)
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
32
7. Conclusion
• 7. Conclusion
» Next generation licensed MBWA market
• The last domain of telecommunication services
» New ocean of Telecommunication services market
• When the subscriber come with a new client devices
• New Device will consumes a lot of data traffic compare to
Cellular packet usage on the handset
• Popularity will be assured by low cost and uniform quality
» Core technologies for the new public licensed MBWA market
• AAS uniquely assures the uniform services quality
• SDMA is the last technique to improve the capacity in any
technologies even on top of MIMO
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
33