University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing
Center for Research and Evaluation
Research Methodology Series
February 20, 2012
Open Access Journals:
the Pros and Cons
Andrea Ketchum MLIS AHIP
ketchum@pitt.edu
Mary Lou Klem PhD MLIS
klem@pitt.edu
Health Sciences Library System
200 Scaife Hall
University of Pittsburgh
We are only at the beginning of
Open Access
oto by annethelibrarian
tp://www.flickr.com/photos/annethelibrarian/5748778702/sizes/z/in/photostream/
All clip art from Microso
1. Open Access Overview
1. Definition
2. Evolution of Open Access
2. Pros and Cons
3. How to be more Open
Definition: Open Access
Open access is digital, online, free of
charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.
-- Peter Suber
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
The understanding
1665 - now
Print journals were purchased by individuals or
libraries, where patrons could read and make copies
of articles if needed. Print issues were owned by the
library & available to library patrons.
Scholars
provide
original, wellwritten
research
articles
In exchange, scholar-authors
receive good reputation,
career advancement.
Equilibrium
Publishers
promote
scholars by
disseminating
their research
In exchange, publishers
receive money through
subscriptions.
“Crisis in Scholarly
Communication”
Journals
•Skyrocketing journal prices
•Cancelled subscriptions
•Budgets decimated
•Reduced access
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/monser06.pdf
Examples of annual library
subscriptions (2012 prices)
•
•
•
•
•
$30,860 Journal of Comparative Neurology (Wiley)
$24,047 Brain Research (Elsevier)
$20,269 Tetrahedron (Elsevier)
$11,444 Gene (Elsevier)
$10,840 International Journal of Pharmaceutics
(Elsevier)
Information from publisher Web sites February 2012
New Reality of Online Journals:
Imbalance
Scholars
provide
original,
well-written
research.
*Dorsey ER, George BP, Dayoub EJ, Ravina BM. Finances of
the publishers of the most highly cited US medical journals.
Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA [Internet].
2011;99(3):255.
We need a new model
“This is not about ideology anymore. It’s about
creating the best, most efficient mechanisms for
getting research to those who need it.”
Cameron Neylon, Science and Technology Facilities Council UK
November 11, 2011
Berlin 9 Open Access Conference
Washington, D.C.
Photo “Big Ben” @2010 by Damo1977, used under Creative
Commons license : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Remember 1665 goal of
arrangement between
scholars and publishers?
<<DISSEMINATION >>
Update Definition of Open Access
Open access is digital, online, free of
charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.
AND
Open access is about creating a more
efficient way to get research to those
who need it = greater dissemination
Business Models
OLD: Closed
Payers
No Pay
NEW Alternative:
Open Access
READERS/USERS
CONTENT PROVIDERS
(Subscriptions)
mostly pay for
production of journal
(Author fees, etc. )
mostly pay for
production of journal
CONTENT PROVIDERS
NO AUTHOR fees
READERS/USERS
No Subscriptions!
Free for all to read =
Open Access
Pros and Cons
Two roles: Researcher & Author
• Pros
– Free access to all = wider dissemination
• More readers see YOUR work
• You will also have access to more of others’ work!
– Author often retains copyright
– Global
• Exposure to culturally diverse opinions, practices
• Cons
– May charge Author Fee to publish – not always!
– “Predator” journals or spam
– Quality of journals can be uneven – judge each by their
own merits.
• Even traditional journals can vary in quality!
Open Access Author Fees
35.0%
Open Access - Distribution of Author Fees
32.3%
30.0%
10 Publishers
Bentham Science
BioMedCentral
Dove Press
Frontiers
24.3%
25.0%
21.5%
Hindawi
20.0%
Libertas Academica
15.0%
MEDKNOW
PAGEPress
PLoS
12.5%
VersitaOpen(Hlth)
10.0%
5.1%
4.2%
5.0%
0.0%
$0
N = 1150
$1-$500
$501-$1,000
$1,001-$1,500
$1,501-$2,000
$2,001-$2,500
For more detail: http://goo.gl/gxmcq
Examples: Free to Publish
– BMC Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
– BMC Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
– BMC Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Research
– Hindawi Case Reports in Pediatrics
– Hindawi Arthritis
– MEDKNOW Journal of Clinical Neonatology
– MEDKNOW Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology
How can Open Access help you?
• Impact practice
– Increased availability of current research
• Control
– Optimize dissemination
• Convenience
– No more ordering articles from
Document Delivery
– No more doing without!
Publish as “Open” as possible:
Shop Around for a journal!
1.
2.
Use online tools to find a journal that meets your needs.
Questions to ask:
1.
2.
3.
3.
Author fees vary, but many do not charge at all.
1.
2.
3.
4.
How ‘open’ is this journal?
Is this Open Access journal peer-reviewed?
How much is the Author Fee or Article Processing Charge (APC)?
Remember: Author fees often paid by research funder
Author fees may be waived if need proven
NIH allows you to budget for Author fees
Read the Publisher’s Agreement before selecting the journal!
We’re here to help!
Contact us for assistance!
Tools for Selecting an Open Access Journal
Focus on your research.
Contact us for help using
these tools to optimize
journal selection for
dissemination.
Available online via HSLS and PITTCat catalog
http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/
http://www.doaj.org/
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Repositories – a few words…
Repositories are the online storage facilities for public
versions of research articles and other scholarly research
materials.
Repositories are easily searchable by Google.
• Institutional
– University of Pittsburgh: D-Scholarship@Pitt
– MIT: DSpace@MIT
– Harvard: DASH
• Subject
– PubMed Central is a Repository!
• OpenDOAR – Directory of Open Access Repositories (2,000+)
– Yes, it’s full-text searchable! http://www.opendoar.org/
Repositories:
2 sides to a coin
Get something out
Put something in
• Contribute article to
Repository
Deposit
Cite
• Increase your
discoverability and
citation count
• Preserve your work
Preserve automatically
Search
• Search global
Repositories
simultaneously
• Find new authors, ideas
Discover
Share
• Collaborate, share
Retain control of your work
Traditionally, many authors give all of their Author Rights to
the publisher.
Retain rights to your own work by
• publishing in an Open Access journal;
• using an Author Addendum to retain the right to deposit
a copy of your paper in your institutions’ repository
and/or other activities.
The NIH Public Access Policy requires that you retain the right to deposit a
copy of your NIH-funded work in PubMed Central within 12 months. Your
publisher must agree to this. Check your publisher agreement or insert
the proper language. (See the HSLS NIH Public Access Policy page.)
Author Addendum
Statement that you retain certain rights to your own work.
Download, fill in, and attach to your publisher agreement.
The publisher may agree or
not, but you’ll never get an
answer if you do not ask!
A contract is an opportunity
to negotiate.
• SPARC Author Addendum
– http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/
• Scholar’s Copyright Addendum Engine
– http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/
What’s happening at Pitt?
Proposed OA Policy @Pitt
• Provides for dissemination of scholarly works (articles only)
by university authors based on Open Access principles
• Applicable only to the University schools and responsibility
centers that adopt it
• Scholarly works to be deposited in the University’s
institutional repository, D-Scholarship@Pitt
Proposed OA Policy @Pitt
• Not intended to impose limitations on where University authors
can publish, now or in the future
• Applies only to scholarly works for which the author retains
copyright or the publisher allows deposit in local repository.
• Depending on publisher policy, authors may deposit:
– author’s pre-publication manuscript
– final edited copy (pre-print)
– final published version (post-print)
• Includes provisions to waive deposit requirement if permission is
not granted by the publisher
Proposed OA Policy—Faculty role
• Will retain copyright for works deposited, unless the author
transfers copyright for the work to a publisher
• May self-deposit works or designate a proxy to deposit works
• May, at own discretion, deposit other scholarship, such as
books, book chapters, manuscripts, monographs, conference
materials, multimedia files, and data files supporting research
Start Your Own Open Access E-Journal
• Pitt has licensed e-journal publishing software
• Free hosting and configurable system for
online editorial workflow and publication
• Partner with HSLS!
Questions?
Open Access Info @ HSLS
– Andrea Ketchum
• ketchum@pitt.edu ; 412-648-9757
– Mary Lou Klem
• klem@pitt.edu; 412-383-9947
– HSLS WebSite www.hsls.pitt.edu
• NIH Public Access Policy
• Ask A Librarian
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Bibliography
ARL Statistics 2003-04, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/monser06.pdf
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=subject&cpid=24 (Note: search for journal titles + search
full text individual journals!)
Dorsey ER, George BP, Dayoub EJ, Ravina BM. Finances of the publishers of the most
highly cited US medical journals. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA
[Internet]. 2011;99(3):255.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3133891/pdf/mlab-99-03-255.pdf
Harvard University Institutional Repository: DASH http://dash.harvard.edu/
Howard, J. At Open-Access Meeting, Advocates Emphasize the Impact of Sharing
Knowledge. Chronicle of Higher Education: Wired Campus. Nov. 11, 2011.
http://goo.gl/RLwiC
MIT Institutional Repository: D-Space@MIT http://dspace.mit.edu/
OpenDOAR Directory of Open Access Repositories http://www.opendoar.org/
Right to Research Coalition. http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/problem/index.shtml
Scholar’s Copyright Addendum Engine. http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/
SHERPA/RoMEO.http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php?fIDnum=|&mode=simple&l
a=enDirectory of Publisher/journal copyright policies
SPARC Author Addendum. http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/
Suber, P. Open Access Overview. http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
Last revised November 6, 2010.
University of Pittsburgh Institutional Repository - D-Scholarship@Pitt DScholarship@pitt.edu
HSLS NIH Public Access Policy page. http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/resources/nihpublicaccess
Andrea M. Ketchum MLIS AHIP
Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh
February 2012
Be Open to Open Access!
Thank you for attending!
Questions? Comments?
Contact
Andrea Ketchum MLIS AHIP
Health Sciences Library System
200 Scaife Hall
University of Pittsburgh
ketchum@pitt.edu
412-648-9757
Mary Lou Klem PhD MLIS
Health Sciences Library System
200 Scaife Hall
University of Pittsburgh
klem@pitt.edu
412-383-9947