Guide to Using Excel For Basic
Statistical Applications
To Accompany
Business Statistics: A Decision Making
Approach, 6th Ed.
Chapter 2:
Graphs, Charts and Tables - Describing
Your Data
By
Groebner, Shannon, Fry, & Smith
Prentice-Hall Publishing Company
Copyright, 2005
Chapter 2 Excel
Examples

Frequency Distributions Athletic Shoe Survey
 HistogramsCapital Credit Union
 Joint Frequency DistributionsCapital Credit Union
 Joint Relative FrequenciesCapital Credit Union
More Examples
Chapter 2 Excel Examples (continued)

Bar ChartsBach, Lombard & Wilson
 Line ChartsMcGregor Vineyards
 Scatter DiagramsPersonal Computers
Frequency Distributions
Athletic Shoe Survey
Issue:
Analyze the data from a survey of 100
college students regarding the number of Nike
shoes they own.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop a frequency
distribution for the number of Nike shoes owned
by college students. Data File is SportShoes.xls
Frequency Distributions-Athletic Shoe Survey
Open the Excel file called
SportShoes.xls
File contains 100
observations - Last row
is 101 - Column E
contains the Number of
Nike Shoes Owned
Frequency Distributions-Athletic Shoe Survey
Enter Possible
Number of Shoes
Owned
Frequency Distributions-Athletic Shoe Survey
Highlight range of
cells to hold
frequency counts
Frequency Distributions-Athletic Shoe Survey
Click on
fX (function wizard)
Select Statistical option
Select Frequency function
Frequency Distributions-Athletic Shoe Survey
Enter the cells
containing the data
Enter the cells containing
the possible values for the
variable
Last Step -- Press Ctrl
-Shift - Enter
Don’t Press OK
Frequency Distributions-Athletic Shoe Survey
Resulting Frequency
Counts
Histograms
Capital Credit Union
Issue:
Analyze credit card balances for Capital
Credit Union customers using a frequency
distribution and histogram.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop a frequency
distribution and histogram for credit card
balances. Use ten class intervals. Data file is
Capital.xls
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Open the Excel file called
Capital.xls
File contains 300
observations - Last row
is 301 - Column B
contains the balances
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Use Excel Max function
to determine largest
value
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Use Excel Min function
to determine largest
value
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Compute Class Width
1493.00  99.00
w
139.4
10
Round Up to $150.00
$90 to less than $240
$240 to less than $390
$390 to less than $540
etc….
Class Intervals
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Construct the Bins (the upper
limit of each class.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Select Tools and Data Analysis
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Select the Histogram option
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Complete the Histogram Wizard
- Note, check Chart Output.
Placing output on a new
worksheet is optional.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
This is Excel’s Default Output.
You need to make some
modifications to make it
acceptable for most applications.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Select the graph by clicking it.
Note, the points on the graph
boarder indicate it has been
selected.
Enlarge Graph by
dragging from lower
right corner down and
to the right.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Histograms should have no gaps
between the bars!
Select the bars
on the graph by
clicking on any
bar - then
right click.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Click on Selected Object
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Click on Options tab
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Set Gap Width to 0 to
close the gaps between
the bars - click OK
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
The legend is not needed.
Select it and press the delete
key
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Label the Graph
Variable – Select the
“Bin” Label and type
desired label. Press the
Enter key.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
2. Select the horizontal
axis line
1. Enter Correct Group
Labels
3. Select Format Axis
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Select Font and make
desired changes.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Select Alignment and
make desired changes.
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
Select the “More” row
and press the Delete key
Histograms-Capital Credit Union
You can make other
modifications to the
histogram – color, labels,
size, etc.
Joint Frequency Distributions
Capital Credit Union
Issue:
Analyze the credit card balances by
gender of the card holder.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop a joint frequency
distribution for the credit card balances by
gender. Data File is Capital.xls
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Open the Excel file called
Capital.xls
File contains 300
observations - Last row
is 301 - Column B
contains the balances –
Column C contains the
gender codes
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
2. Select Data and Pivot
Table and Pivot Chart
Report
1. Place cursor in any
data cell.
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Click on Next
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Make sure that the
data range is
correct and then
click on Next
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
We recommend
putting the pivot
table on a new
worksheet
Click Options
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Select desired
Options
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Click Layout
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Drag Balance to
row and Gender to
column.
To get frequency
count, drag any
variable to the Data
area.
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
We want a
frequency count,
not a sum. Double
click on column.
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Select Count Click OK
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Click OK
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Click Finish
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Joint Frequency Distribution.
However, we need to group the
balance variable to gain information.
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Place cursor in any balance
cell. Then right click.
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Select Group and Outline –
then select Group
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
By: is the group width. Change
to 150 – click on OK
Joint Frequency Distributions-Capital Credit Union
Completed Joint Frequency
Distribution
Joint Relative Frequencies
Capital Credit Union
Objective:
Use Excel to develop a joint relative
frequency distribution for the credit card balances
by gender. Data File is Capital.xls
Note: See Previous Example for Biginning
Pivot Table Instructions.
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Place Cursor in any cell in the
table – Right Click – select
Wizard.
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Select Layout
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Double Click
on Data field
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Click on Options
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Click of % of Total
in Show data as
area – then OK
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Click OK
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Click Finish
Joint Relative Frequencies-Capital Credit Union
Completed Joint
Relative Frequency
Distribution
Bar Charts
Bach, Lombard, & Wilson
Issue:
An electronics company is being sued on
the grounds that female new hires are paid less
than male new hires. The law firm needs to
analyze salary data to prepare the case.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop bar charts for the
starting salary data for males and females. Data
File is Bach.xls
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Open the Excel file called
Bach.xls
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Select Chart Wizard.
Select Column Option
Select the data in
Columns A-C.
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Select
Series tab
Remove
Years
Variable
from Graph
Define Xaxis range
(Years)
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Series 2 = Males
Enter labels
for Groups
Series 3 = Females
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Enter Chart Titles and
Make other desired
format changes
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Completed Bar Chart –
Males have higher
starting salaries each
year.
Bar ChartsBach, Lombard, & Wilson
(continued)
Issue:
An electronics company is being sued on
the grounds that female new hires are paid less
than male new hires. The law firm needs to
analyze salary data to prepare the case.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop bar charts for the
percent of males and females hired with MBA’s.
Data File is Bach.xls
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Click on Chart Wizard.
Select Bar option
Select Data from
Columns D and E
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Select
Series tab
Enter Male and
Female Labels for
Series 2 and 3
respectively
Define Xaxis range
(Years)
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Enter Chart Titles and
Make other desired
format changes
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Completed Bar Chart –
More males have MBA’s
than do Females.
Bar ChartsBach, Lombard, & Wilson
(continued)
Issue:
An electronics company is being sued on
the grounds that female new hires are paid less
than male new hires. The law firm needs to
analyze salary data to prepare the case.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop bar chart for the
average starting salary of males and females
hired with and without MBA’s. Data File is
Bach.xls
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Click on Chart Wizard.
Select Bar option
Select Data from
Columns G - J
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Enter Chart Titles and
Make other desired
format changes
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
To Modify Colors, Select
the bars, Right Click –
Choose Selected Object,
then Click Options,
Select Vary Colors by
Point
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
To Show the data values
on the bars, select Data
Labels – click Show
value.
Bar Charts-Bach, Lombard & Wilson
Completed Bar Chart –
Females with MBA’s
paid higher than males
on Average
Line ChartsMcGregor Vineyards
Issue:
Analyze the sales and profits data over
time.
Objective:
Use Excel to develop line charts for
weekly sales and profits. Data File is
McGregor.xls
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Open the Excel file called
McGregor.xls
File contains 20 weeks of
historical data - last row
is 21
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Click on Chart Wizard
Highlight the variable
(Sales) to graphed.
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Select Line chart type
and desired sub-type –
then click on Next
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Click on Series Tab –
Enter data range
containing the X-axis
labels – then Next
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Add Titles –remove
legend, etc.
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Determine location for
graph.
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Optionally, to
remove/change
background color, select
the graph – right click –
select Format Plot Area
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
To remove background,
set Boarder and Area to
None
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Finished Line Chart for
Sales – Now repeat the
process for the Profit
Variable.
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Completed - Two
individual line
graphs.
Next, graph
both
variables
on the one
line graph
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Highlight both
variables – click on
the Chart Wizard
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Select Line chart type
and desired sub-type –
then click on Next
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Click on Series Tab –
Enter data range
containing the X-axis
labels – then Next
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Add Titles –remove gridlines, etc.
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Determine location for
graph.
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Completed Line chart
with two variables
graphed - Notice the
scale problem.
We need to develop a
line chart with two
vertical scales
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Select the chart – right
click – select Chart Type
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Click on Custom Types –
then select Lines on 2
Axis – click OK
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Completed Line graph –
Need to add labels
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Select entire chart – right
click – select Chart
Options
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Add Titles
Line Charts-McGregor Vineyards
Completed Line
Chart with Two
Variables and Two
Axes.
Scatter DiagramsPersonal Computers
Issue:
Analyze the relationship between PC sales
price and the processing speed of the PC
Objective:
Use Excel to develop a scatter diagram for
PC price and speed. Data File is Computers.xls
Scatter Diagrams- Personal Computers
Open the Excel file called
Computers.xls
File contains data for 36
PC’s - last row is 37
Scatter Diagrams- Personal Computers
Click on the Chart Wizard
and then select XY
(Scatter) the Next
Highlight the data
making sure to include
the variables to be
graphed.
Scatter Diagrams- Personal Computers
1. Click on
Series tab
2. Remove variables
in the list that will
not be graphed.
3. Specify data
range for X
variable
(Processor Mz)
and Y variable
(Price)
Scatter Diagrams- Personal Computers
Enter Titles,
remove grid
lines and legend
Scatter Diagrams- Personal Computers
Specify Location
for the Graph
Scatter Diagrams- Personal Computers
Completed
Scatter Diagram