Anatomy Chapt.1
Anatomical Terminology
What plane is this?
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac
B
A
C
E
D
G
F
H
I
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
PLAYDOUGH ACTIVITY
-MAKE A SMALL VERSION OF A HUMAN BODY
MARK OUT REGIONS
PLANES
QUADRANTS
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Root and suffix
Lip
/
emia
Root – fat suffix – blood condition
Meaning: condition of fat in the blood
Hyper
/ lip
/
emia
Prefix-excessive root-fat suffix-blood condition
Prefix is used to further modify the root.
Definition: Excessive fat in the blood.
ADDITIONAL ROOTS
Hyper / lip / o / protein/ emia
root vowel root
Definition: excessive amount of fat and protein
in the blood.
COMBINING VOWELS AND COMBINING FORMS
Vowel links the two root words to allow easier
pronunciation.
o= combining vowel (most common)
i=combining vowel
Rules for Forming and Spelling Medical
Terms
1. A combining vowel is used to join root to root
as well as root to any suffix beginning with a
consonant.
Electr + cardi + gram
Electr/o/cardi/o/gram = electrical record of the
heart
2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix
that begins with a vowel:
Vas + ectomy
Vas/ectomy
Vas = vessel
Ectomy = escision
excision of a vessel
3. If the root ends in a vowel and the suffix
begins with the same vowel, drop the final
vowel from the root and do not use a
combining vowel:
Cardi
+
itis
Root(heart)
suffix (inflammation)
Card/itis
inflammation of the heart
4. Most often, a combining vowel is inserted
between two roots even when the second
root begins with a vowel.
Cardi +
esophag
+
eal
Root
root
suffix
Heart
esophagus
pertaining to
Cardi/o/esophageal (pertaining to the heart
and esophagus)
5. Occasionally, when a prefix ends in a vowel
and the root begins with a vowel, the final
vowel is dropped from the prefix.
Para +
enter
+
al
Prefix
root
suffix
Alongside of intestine
pertaining to
Par/enter/al = parenteral
Pertaining to alongside of the intestine
Defining Medical Terms Through Word
Structure Analysis
Interpret the suffix first, then prefix, then the
roots.
Peri
/
card
/
itis
Prefix
root
suffix
Around
heart
inflammation
Pericarditis – inflammation around the heart.
Review
1. A _________ is used to join root to root as
well as root to any suffix beginning with a
consonant.
2. A combining vowel is not used before a suffix
that begins with a ___________.
3. If the root ends in a ______ and the suffix
begins with the same ________, drop the
final vowel from the root and do not use a
combining vowel.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Angi + ectasis = angi/ectasis
Hemat + logy = hematology
Oste + ectomy = ostectomy
Electr + encephal + gram =
electroencephalogram
5. Arteri + it is = arteritis
6. Gastr + tomy = gastrotomy
Pronunciation
C (before a,o,u) = k
C (before e,i) = s
Ch = k
G (before a,o,u) = g
G (before e,i) = j
Ph=f
Pn=n
Ps=s
Pt=t
ex. Colon, cavity, cure
ex. Cephalic, cirrhosis
ex. Cholesterol
ex. Gallstone, gonad,
gurney
ex. Generic, giant
ex. Phase
ex. Pneumonia
ex. Psychology
ptosis
Rh=r
Rrh=r
X=z (as first letter)
ex. Rhythm
ex. Hemorrhoid
ex. xerosis
Singular and Plural Forms
Singular
Ending: example:
-a
vertebra
-is
diagnosis
-ma
condyloma
-on
phenomenon
-um
bacterium
-us
fungus
-ax
thorax
-ex
apex
-ix
appendix
-y
myopathy
Plural Form
Ending
-ae
-es
-mata
-a
-a
-i
-aces
-ices
-ices
-ies
example
vertebrae
diagnoses
condylomata
phenomena
bacteria
fungi
thoraces
apices
appendices
myopathies
Packet: Medical Terminology