March 23, 2011
DRILL
Copy the sentences in your notebook. Fill in the
blanks using the terms below:
1. _______ is how much space an object occupies.
2. _______ is a force applied over an area.
3. _______ is a system in which no fluid can enter or
leave.
2. Pressure
3. Closed System
1. Volume
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UNIT 3 – Engineering Design
Engineering, the systematic
application of mathematical,
scientific, and technical principles,
produces tangible end products
that meet our needs and desires.
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UNIT 3 – Engineering Design
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Getting familiar with the Big Idea
The Design Process
Core Technologies
Mechanical Technology
Electrical Technology
f. Fluid Technology
g.
h.
i.
j.
Thermal Technology
Optical Technology
Materials Technology
Reverse Technology
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Fluid Technology
PURPOSE OF SUB-UNIT
• To familiarize students with the functioning
and applications of fluid technology systems.
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Fluid Technology
What is technology?
The application of knowledge, tools, and skills to
solve problems and extend human capabilities.
What is a technology system?
A Technology System is a group of subsystems
working together to solve problems and extend
human capabilities.
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Fluid Technology
• There are several engineering resources (core
Core
technologies) that
are theMechanical
“building blocks” of all
Technologies
technology systems.
Structural
Electrical
Electronic
Thermal
• We could store the core technologies on shelves
Fluid
Optical
• We can go to those shelves and use technologies
according to our needs in problem solving.
Bio-Tech
Material
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What is Fluid Technology?
• The technology of using fluid, either gas (pneumatics)
or liquid (hydraulic) to apply force or to transport.
Example applications:
•Air brakes on a truck,
•Tires on a car,
•Airfoils on an airplane,
•Warm-air heating ducts,
•Hydraulic jack,
•Plumbing in a school
•Hydro-electric dam
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Other applications of Fluid Technology…
• Blood flow in capillaries (only a few micro-meters in
diameters)
• Crude oil across Alaska through 800-mile-long, 4-ft
diameter pipe
• Streamlined, smooth surfaces of airplanes for efficient
air flight
• Dimpled, rough surfaces of golf balls for efficient flight
• Why does a stream of water from a faucet sometimes
appear to have a smooth surface, but sometimes a
rough surface?
• How does aerodynamic design of cars and trucks affect
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gas mileage?
What is a FLUID?
• College engineering text definition:
– a substance that deforms continuously when acted on
by a shearing stress of any magnitude
• Standard definition:
– a substance (as a liquid or a gas) that conforms to the
outline of its container
• Fluid Systems have 2 things in common:
– They contain a fluid, either gas (pneumatics) or liquid
(hydraulics)
– They contain a pressure difference that creates a net
force
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FLUID PRINCIPLES
• Area – a surface within certain boundaries
– Typically 2-dimensional
• Volume – the amount of space an object occupies
– 3-dimensional
• Force – a push or pull
• Pressure – a force applied over an area
Your
stands
on
Whatteacher
is the area
of the
What
is of
theof
total
volume
this
piece
wood
onof
the
portion
this
piece
of
this piece
of lumber?
floor.
lumber
that sits
on the
floor?
(Convert
all units
to
What is the
pressure
inches
first)
applied
toallthe
floor
(Convert
units
to 48” x 2” = 96 cubic inches
beneath
the wood? 4” x 12” = 48 square inches
inches first)
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FLUID PRINCIPLES
• Pressure is a force applied over an area.
• What are some typical units for pressure?
– Psi (pounds per square inch)
• Pressure = Force / Area
Your teacher (weighing
165 pounds) stands on
this piece of wood on the
floor.
What is the pressure
applied to the floor
beneath the wood?
P=F/A
P = 165 lbs / 48 in2
P = 3.44 psi
F = 165 lbs.
A = 48 square inches
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