Materials Design and
Development
Week 10
Grellet: Developing Reading
Skills
Mid-Term Projects Due
• Please put your Lesson Plan and
Materials in an envelop
• Make sure your name is on you’re the
envelop, lesson plan and materials
• Make sure the age and level of Ss are
described on first page of lesson plan
• Make sure your materials are labeled
in terms of lesson plan steps
Warm-Up
• Do you like to read in Korean? Do you
often read in your L2 (English)?
• What kind of books or articles have you
read?
• Have you ever read anything about
teaching reading?
• In the future do you think you might
choose to read an article about reading?
What Do You Think?
• Stand up
• I’m going to read several statements.
– If you think it true go
– If You think its false go
When using reading
comprehension exercises,
it’s better to start with
general understanding and
then move toward detailed
understanding.
Simplifying a text often helps
students understand it.
Reading is an active, not a
passive, skill.
It’s better to use exercises
that have a simple direct
answer.
Vocabulary
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Skim
Scan
Inference
Straightforward
What inference can you make?
• John was running to
catch the bus again. It
was a morning
routine; a routine that
didn’t bother John,
but drove his mother
crazy.
What can we say
about John?
Task 1
• Who is the author?
• What is it about?
Task 2
• Make a list of the author’s main ideas.
Main Ideas
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What do we read
Why do we read
How is reading used in relation to other skills
Who are you as a reader
Provide Ss with whole texts
Start with Global understanding
Use authentic texts
reinforce reading as an active skill
provide an assortment of activites
Task 3
• Look at the main ideas
• Pick one and summarize it to the others in
your group
Task 4
• Answer the guiding questions for the
Grellet reading page 209.
Task 5
• What is the author’s purpose? Why did
she write it?
• How does she assume you are teaching
reading?
Task 6
• Journaling:
– What do you think about this article?
– Do you agree or disagree with the author?
Why do you agree or disagree?
• Group Discussion
– Share what you wrote in your journals with
your group
Vocabulary Review
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Skim
Scan
Inference
Straightforward
Write about a reading lesson you have taught
or will teach in the future and use these four words.
Has Your Opinion Changed?
Why or Why Not?
• When using reading comprehension
exercises, it’s better to start with general
understanding and then move toward
detailed understanding.
• Reading is an active skill, not a passive,
skill.
• Simplifying a text often helps students
understand it.
• It’s better to use exercises that have a
simple direct answer.
Processing Questions
• When did I give the tasks, before or after
the reading? Why?
• If you want to use authentic texts, should
you simplify them? Why or why not?
• If you don’t simplify an authentic text, then
what can you do to help your Ss
understand the text? What can you
simplify and how will it help Ss?
Listen to this story:
Quit? I’ve known since I was
twelve that smokin’ would be the
death of me, so if it hasn’t killed me
yet, then why should I stop?”
Haven’t you
quit smoking?
Processing Questions
• Is teacher translation of the text an
effective and efficient way to have Ss
demonstrate their understanding? Why or
why not?
• How does this quote relate to the above
question: “ Give a man a fish feed him for
a day. Teach a man to fish and feed him
for a lifetime.”
Receptive Skills are
Active not Passive
Model of the ESL Reader
(Coady 1979)
Conceptual Abilities
Background Knowledge
Process Strategies
Background Knowledge
• Choosing a text that Ss
already knows something
about helps Ss learn
English faster
• Helps learners
understand new and
unfamiliar grammar
• Allows Ss to comprehend
more of the text at a
faster rate
In Receptive Skill Lessons Which Is
More Important?
Grammar
Vocabulary
• Vocabulary is more important than
grammar in receptive skill lessons
• Grammar helps us use language,
vocabulary helps us understand language
Task Sequencing in
Receptive Skill Lessons
• General  Specific
• Easy  Difficult
• Concrete  Abstract
Introduction to Bloom’s Taxonomy
• Sequencing of tasks and questions in
reading activities is not a new idea
• Bloom introduced his taxonomy of reading
questions in 1956
• Bloom, like Grellet, believes that tasks
should move from easier to more difficult,
and from concrete to more abstract forms
of thinking
Bloom’s Taxonomy
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Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Warning: This is more appropriate
Analysis
for Native Speaker learners, so
Synthesis
use this information carefully.
Evaluation
Knowledge
Useful
Verbs
Sample Question
Stems
Potential activities and
products
tell
list
describe
relate
locate
write
find
state
name
What happened
after...?
How many...?
Who was it that...?
Can you name the...?
Describe what
happened at...?
Who spoke to...?
Can you tell why...?
Find the meaning
of...?
What is...?
Which is true or
false...?
Make a list of the main
events..
Make a timeline of events.
Make a facts chart.
Write a list of any pieces
of information you can
remember.
List all the .... in the story.
Make a chart showing...
Make an acrostic.
Recite a poem.
Comprehension
Useful
Verbs
Sample Question
Stems
Potential activities
and products
explain
interpret
outline
discuss
distinguish
predict
restate
summarize
compare
describe
Can you write in your own
words...?
Can you write a brief
outline...?
What do you think could of
happened next...?
Who do you think...?
What was the main idea...?
Who was the key
character...?
Can you distinguish
between...?
What differences exist
between...?
Cut out or draw pictures to
show a particular event.
Illustrate what you think the
main idea was.
Make a cartoon strip showing
the sequence of events.
Write and perform a play
based on the story.
Retell the story in your words.
Paint a picture of some aspect
you like.
Write a summary report of an
event.
Prepare a flow chart to
illustrate the sequence of
events.
Application
Useful
Verbs
Sample Question
Stems
Potential activities and
products
solve
show
use
illustrate
construct
complete
examine
classify
Do you know another
instance where...?
Could this have
happened in...?
Can you group by
characteristics such as...?
What factors would you
change if...?
Can you apply the
method used to some
experience of your
own...?
What questions would
you ask of...?
Would this information be
useful if you had a ...?
Construct a model to demonstrate
how it will work.
Make a diorama to illustrate an
important event.
Make a scrapbook about the areas
of study.
Make a paper-mache map to
include relevant information about
an event.
Take a collection of photographs to
demonstrate a particular point.
Make up a puzzle game suing the
ideas from the study area.
Make a clay model of an item in
the material.
Analysis
Useful
Verbs
Sample Question Potential activities and
Stems
products
analyze
distinguish
examine
compare
contrast
investigate
categorize
identify
explain
separate
advertise
Which events could
have happened...?
If ... happened, what
might the ending have
been?
How was this similar
to...?
What was the
underlying theme of...?
Why did ... changes
occur?
Can you explain what
must have happened
when...?
Design a questionnaire to gather
information.
Write a commercial to sell a new
product.
Conduct an investigation to
produce information to support a
view.
Make a flow chart to show the
critical stages.
Construct a graph to illustrate
selected information.
Make a family tree showing
relationships.
Put on a play about the study area.
Write a biography of the study
person.
Synthesis
Useful
Verbs
Sample
Question Stems
Potential activities and
products
create
invent
compose
predict
plan
construct
design
imagine
propose
devise
formulate
Can you design a ... to
...?
Why not compose a
song about...?
Can you see a
possible solution to...?
If you had access to all
resources how would
you deal with...?
Why don't you devise
your own way to deal
with...?
What would happen
if...?
Invent a machine to do a specific task.
Design a building to house your study.
Create a new product. Give it a name
and plan a marketing campaign.
Write about your feelings in relation
to...
Write a TV show, play, puppet show,
role play, song or pantomime about...?
Design a record, book, or magazine
cover for...?
Make up a new language code and
write material suing it.
Sell an idea.
Devise a way to...
Compose a rhythm or put new words
to a known melody.
Evaluation
Useful
Verbs
Sample
Potential activities and
Question Stems products
judge
select
choose
decide
justify
debate
verify
argue
recommend
assess
discuss
rate
prioritize
determine
Is there a better
solution to...
Judge the value of...
Can you defend your
position about...?
Do you think ... is a
good or a bad thing?
How would you have
handled...?
What changes to ...
would you
recommend?
Do you believe?
Are you a ... person?
How would you feel
if...?
Prepare a list of criteria to judge a ...
show. Indicate priority and ratings.
Conduct a debate about an issue of
special interest.
Make a booklet about 5 rules you see
as important. Convince others.
Form a panel to discuss views, eg
"Learning at School."
Write a letter to ... advising on changes
needed at...
Write a half yearly report.
Prepare a case to present your view
about...
Homework
• PDP Framework read and answer Qs
• Post entry and reply to two others on
discussion board