Notes #12
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There are three options for integrating
quotes:
◦ 1- Incorporate
◦ 2- Attribute
◦ 3- Use a sentence
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Incorporate the quotation into your sentence,
punctuating it as you would if it were not a
quote.
◦ Mukherjee argues in favor of an acculturation
model “that differs from both the enforced
assimilation of a ‘melting pot’ and the Canadian
model of a multicultural ‘mosaic’”(4).

If you must change an element within the
quote to make it work grammatically, use
brackets to indicate change.
◦ Rodriguez describes his parents as “no longer [his]
parents in a cultural sense” to express the
alienation from his family.
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Introduce a full-sentence quotation by using
an attributive speech tag like “he writes,” “she
claims,” etc.
◦ Elaine Pagels asks, “Whom do we include in the
‘American Dream’?”
◦ Jacob Needleman claims, “A dream is a vision or
truth, of what can be and ought to be, and a dream
is a deception.”

Do NOT use attributive speech tags to
introduce a quote that is NOT a COMPLETE
sentence.
◦ Incorrect: Rodriguez writes, “My parents, who are
no longer my parents in a cultural sense.”
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Use a full sentence of your own to introduce a
full sentence by the quoted author.
You must use a colon to introduce the
quotation in this case.
◦ Jacob Needleman says it best: “A dream is a vision
or truth, of what can be and ought to be, and a
dream is a deception.”
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Colons will be used after your COMPLETE
sentence that could normally stand alone in
your paper without the quote.
Commas should be used if your writing is
NOT complete and could not effectively stand
by itself without the quote. (your attributing
quotes would fall under this category)

Capitalize the first letter of any COMPLETE
SENTENCE you quote unless you introduce it
with “that.”
◦ In describing the New World, de Crevecoeur
claimed, “The rich and the poor are not so far
removed from each other as they are in Europe” (1).
◦ De Crevecoeur claimed that the “rich and the poor
are not so far removed from each other as they are
in Europe” (1).

If the quotation is broken into two parts, do
not capitalize the first letter of the second
part.
◦ “Our team is bound to win,” said Coach Glass,
“because UHS students are excellent players.”

Commas and periods go WITHIN closing
quotation marks, EXCEPT when a
parenthetical reference follows the quote.
◦ Jacob Needleman said, “A dream is a vision or truth,
of what can be and out to be, and a dream is a
deception.”
◦ In her essay, Dr. Linguist notes, “The gestures used
for greeting others differ greatly from one culture
to another” (3).

When colons and semi-colons are NOT part
of the quotation, put them outside of the
closing quotation marks.
◦ At the English Department meeting, Ms. Balzer
voiced her opinion on the rules for integrating
quotations: “They’re not intuitive, but they are very
important”; several other teachers agreed.

If a question mark, exclamation point, or
dash is part of the original quotation, place it
WITHIN the closing quotation mark.
◦ Elaine Pagels asks, “Whom do we include in the
‘American Dream’?” (5).

If it is part of YOUR sentence, place it
OUTSIDE the closing quotation mark.
◦ Do other columnists agree with David Brooks’ claim
that “maximum status goes to the Gladwellian
heroes who occupy the convergence points of the
Internet ecosystem” (2)?

Use ellipsis (…) marks when you want to
quote the beginning and end of a passage
but not its middle.
◦ The war was not immediate to the boys. “Bombs in
Central Europe,” said Gene, “were completely unreal
to use here…because our place here was too fair for
us to accept something like that” (23).


You do not need to use ellipsis marks if you
begin or end your quotation in the middle of
the sentence.
Use ellipsis sparingly!!
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Use block quotes when your quote is 4+ lines
long.
Use block quotes sparingly, if at all.
When using, begin quote as new line of text.
Indent 1 inch from where you were previously
typing.
Do not use quotation marks.
Parenthetical citation goes OUTSIDE final
punctuation within quote.
In his poem “The Problem,” Ralph Waldo Emerson
explores the inner philosophical struggle of a
religious yet unorthodox man:
I like a church; I like a cowl;
I love a prophet of the soul;
And on my heart monastic aisles
Fall like sweet strains, or pensive smiles:
Yet not for all his faith can see
Would I that cowled churchman be. (1-7)