• Course book. Goldstein. Sensation and Perception
• exams
•two mid-terms 1½ hours each
•multiple choice + short notes
•end-of-term 2-3 hours
•30%; 30% and 40% (best counted as 40%)
• if not registered, go to office
• TA = Adria Hoover
• Room:
1022 Sherman Health Research Centre
• Office Hrs:
by appointment
• Phone:
416-736-2100 ext 4088
• Email:
adriah@yorku.ca
• Instructor = Prof Laurence Harris
• Room:
1018 Sherman Health Research Centre
• email:
harris@yorku.ca
• phone:
416-736-2100 ext 66108
• feel free to interrupt with questions
• use of web page and email http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220
Timetable for 2220
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
(2011)
Jan 4
Jan 11
Jan 18
Jan 25
Feb 1
Feb 8
Feb 15
Feb 22
March 1
March 8
March 15
March 22
March 29
<-- intro
TBA
<-- Final exam
<-- midterm 1
reading week
<-- midterm 2
PSYCH 2220
Perception
http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220
Introduction
WHAT IS PERCEPTION?
Awareness of
world
objects
people
self
Depends on
sensory IN
but also memory
FIELDS CALLED UPON IN THIS COURSE
Natural History
Art
Biology
Medicine
Philosophy
Physics
Neuroscience
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Painting by
Modigliani
Penguin
MODULAR ORGANIZATION
pattern
place
depth
colour
movement
Photos by Edward Muybridge
Theories about how these are put together
DEVELOPMENT
PSYCH 2220
Perception
Lecture 1
ELECTROMAGNETIC
RADIATION
airwaves
MECHANICAL
(X-rays…)
Ultra-violet
visible light
infra-red
(radio waves..)
some insects
human vision
pit viper
Ultra-sound
hearing range
very-low freqs
bats, dophins, rats
human hearing
whales, frogs
From outside
touch, pain
pressure
From inside
In air
From same
species
pheromones, smell
From outside
smell
From inside
taste
CHEMICAL
In mouth
Lateral line of fishes
vestibular organ
proprioception
Bee’s view of a flower – markings visible
only because different parts of the petal
reflect ultra-violet rays differently.
THE PIT
Pit Viper
Moth
Physical
World
Sense
Organs
Brain
Perception
Eye
movements
Point eyes
to right
place
Accommodation
focus
Pupils
Light
Adaptation
Adjust for
the light
level
Transduction
Convert
light energy
to activity
in cells
Focusing and accommodation
ACCOMMODATION
fine tuning of focus by the lens
REMEMBER: most
of the refraction
occurs here at the
CORNEA
DISTANT
OBJECT
eg. star
CLOSE
OBJECT
The eye and its optics 4 - 4
SHORT SIGHTED
(Myopia)
DISTANT
OBJECT
eg. star
Even the relaxed lens is too strong. The rays are
focused in front of the retina!
DISTANT
OBJECT
eg. star
The CONCAVE lens makes the rays DIVERGE, thus
compensating for the unwanted strength of the eye's optics.
The eye and its optics 4 - 5
LONG SIGHTED
(Hyperopia)
CLOSE
OBJECT
The fully-contracted lens cannot get strong enough. The
rays are focused behind the retina!
CLOSE
OBJECT
The CONVEX lens helps the rays CONVERGE, thus
assisting the inadequate strength of the eye's optics.
The eye and its optics 4 - 6
Most of the refraction
takes place at the
air/water boundary of
the CORNEA in the
air
Lens in the eye of
an AIR-LIVING
animal
AIR LIVING
No refraction takes place
at the water/water
boundary of the CORNEA
in the water
Lens in the eye of a
WATER-LIVING
animal
WATER LIVING
DIVING ANIMALS
1 put on a mask that keeps air in front of
cornea
2 rely on a STRONG lens that can
change from air-living to water living eg:
otter
Air Type
3 Have a FLAT cornea (to remove its
influence) and then use a WATER-LIVING
style lens eg. Penguin, flying fish
Water Type
4 Have two pairs of eyes - one for each
environment eg. Four-eyed fish
5 Use a WATER-LIVING style lens in the
water and bi-pass the cornea by using a
PIN HOLE pupil on land eg. seal
Penguin
Flying fish
Four-eyed fish
Four-eyed fish
Pupils and light adaptation
Photo taken through
a LARGE aperture
shallow depth of
field
(only one distance is
in focus)
Photo taken through
a SMALL aperture
long depth of
field
(lots of distances are
in focus)
Structure of eye and retina