Chapter 9
APUSH
Mrs. Price
“Live so that your friends can
defend you, but never have
to.” – Arnold Glasow
Election of 1828
Democratic Republican Party split
 National Republicans: J.Q. Adams
 Democratic-Republicans: Jackson
 Lots of mud-slinging
 Jackson wins

Andrew Jackson
Biographical Info:
- Little formal education
- Judge & Congressman
from TN
- Military hero “Old
Hickory”
- Country gentleman
- President of firsts
 Personified New West

Jackson cont.
Used spoils system
 Poor cabinet (exception: Sec. of State Van
Buren)
 Used Kitchen Cabinet
 Used Veto 12 times
 Eaton Malaria/Petticoat War

Jacksonian Democracy

Jackson’s theory of Democracy:
- Equal protection & equal benefits to all
white male citizens
- Class or region is not important
Increased Democratization
Enlarged the Franchise
 Dorr Rebellion (Rhode Island)
 Reforms did not include women, free
blacks, & slaves
 More voter participation
- by 1828: voters could elect presidential
electors
- greater voter turnout

Tariffs & the South
Congress passed Tariff of 1832
 S.C. state convention declared tariff null &
void; threatened to secede
 Compromise: Tariff of 1833 (gradual
reduction)
 Congress also passed the Force Bill
(Bloody Bill): authorized President to use
army & navy to collect tariffs

Tariffs cont.
S.C. backed down & repealed nullification
ordinance
 Neither Jackson nor S.C. won the battle

Webster-Hayne Debate
In Senate
 During debate over nullification
 Robert Hayne (SC): Union was a voluntary
association of independent states
 Daniel Webster (MA): People, not the
states, had made the Constitution & no
state could reject the Union
 Preview of debate that led to the Civil War

Jackson & the Bank of the US

•
Jackson did not like the Bank of the US
- Believed it was unconstitutional, antiwestern, & anti-American
Vetoed Calhoun’s recharter bill
Bank of the US
Benefits:
 Promoted economic
expansion
 Reduced bank failures
Negatives:
• Lent $ to
influential people
• Out of touch
Jackson & the Bank cont.
Jackson took out federal funds & put in
“pet banks” (state banks)
 Biddle – Head of the Bank of the US
- called in loans to force Congress to
reconsider charter
- caused problems for small banks –
“Biddle Panic”
• 1836: Bank died

Jackson & Native Americans
Wanted to open up Indian Territory to
settlement
 Some tribes tried to Americanize
 Proposed removal of remaining eastern
tribes to west of Mississippi River

Indian Removal Act (1830)
Forced removal of 100,000 Indians to
Oklahoma
 Trail of Tears – thousands died

Two Party System Re-emerges
By mid 1830s due to opposition to Jackson
 Whigs vs. Democrats
 Both parties were more interested in
gaining votes than in maintaining an
ideology

Whigs
Favored expanding power of Federal govt
 Encouraged industrial & commercial
development
 Feared westward expansion
 Support came from wealthy in Northeast,
South & West

Democrats
Believed in limited government
 Believed in more opportunities, less
privilege
 Opposed banks & corporations
 Support came from small merchants in
NE, small planters in South & Westerners

Martin Van Buren
Elected in 1836
 Not as popular as
Jackson
 Came in at end of
economic boom &
federal surplus

1837: Economic hard times
- Depression lasted for 5 years
- unemployment, banks & businesses
failed
 Few accomplishments – most important:
creation of an independent treasury
system

Election of 1840
William Henry Harrison
Elected in 1840 vs.
Van Buren
 Whig
 Elected due to
economic problems
that were blamed on
Van Buren
 Died after 1 month in
office

John Tyler
Former Democrat
 Clashed with Whigs in
Congress & his
cabinet
 Refused to recharter a
Bank of the US,
vetoed internal
improvements
