Mini Quiz
• 1. Julie is a serious and conscientious
employee; however, with her friends at Happy
Hour on Friday afternoon she is the "life of the
party." Julie would most likely be
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
a high self-monitor.
a low self-monitor.
high in private self-consciousness.
low in public self-consciousness.
Mini Quiz
• 2. Which of the following approaches
relies upon factor analytic techniques to
reduce the many traits in the English
language down to few factors?
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
the many-trait approach
the single-trait approach
the essential trait approach
the empirical trait approach
Mini Quiz
• 3. Which of the following reflect the structure of
personality presently proposed by many
adherents of the essential trait approach?
• a. neuroticism, extraversion, openness,
agreeableness, conscientiousness
• b. authoritarianism, fascism, conservatism, antiSemitism, cynicism
• c. the traits of the California Q-Set
• d. self-monitoring
Mini Quiz
• 4. The sole basis by which items are selected for
empirically derived personality scales is whether
• a. their content adequately reflects the construct to be
measured.
• b. they are correlated with other items on the scales.
• c. the respondent will be willing and able to truthfully
give an accurate self-assessment for them.
• d. they are answered differently by different kinds of
people.
Mini Quiz
• Today is
•
•
•
•
A) My birthday!
B) Tuesday
C) Going to be fun
D) all of the above
Using Traits to Understand
Behavior
• Different approaches:
•
•
•
•
The Single-Trait Approach
The Many-Trait Approach
The Essential-Trait Approach
The Simultaneous-Trait Approach
The Simultaneous-Trait Approach
• Trait approaches tend to be “onedimensional”
• They only consider one trait at a time
• “He is extraverted”
• Pro: Simple and automatic
• Con: Not all extraverts act the same
The Simultaneous-Trait Approach
• An “extraverted” and “agreeable” person
• An “extraverted” and “disagreeable”
person
The Simultaneous-Trait Approach
• An “extraverted” and “agreeable” person
– Warm
• An “extraverted” and “disagreeable”
person
– Controlling
The Simultaneous-Trait Approach
• This approach examines how traits “blend”
together within an individual
The Interpersonal Sphere
• Ask yourself:
• High (+)
• Moderate (0)
• Low (-)
– How dominant are you?
– How warm are you?
Interpersonal Circumplex
Cold
-
Warm
0
+
Interpersonal Circumplex
Dominant
+
0
Submissive
Interpersonal Circumplex
Dominant
Cold
Warm
Submissive
The Interpersonal Circumplex
0e
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
The Interpersonal Circumplex
0e
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Warm-Agreeable
0e
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
Am interested in people.
Reassure others.
Inquire about others’ well-being.
Get along well with others.
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
–
–
–
–
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Gregarious-Extraverted
0e
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
Start conversations.
Love large parties.
Feel comfortable around people.
Talk to a lot of different.
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
–
–
–
–
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Assured-Dominant
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
– Do most of the talking.
– Demand to be the center of
attention.
– Speak loudly.
– Demand attention.
0e
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Arrogant-Calculating
Cut others to pieces.
Contradict others.
Snap at people.
Have a sharp tongue.
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
–
–
–
–
0e
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Cold-Hearted
0e
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
– Believe people should fend for
themselves.
– Don’t fall for sob-stories.
– Don’t put a lot of thought into
things.
– Am not interested in other people’s
problems.
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Aloof-Introverted
Am a very private person.
Don’t talk a lot.
Have little to say.
Am quiet around strangers.
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
–
–
–
–
0e
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Unassured-Submissive
0e
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
– Dislike being the center of attention.
– Let others finish what they are
saying.
– Speak softly.
– Seldom toot my own horn.
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
IPIP-IPC
• Unassuming-Ingenuous
Tolerate a lot from others.
Take things as they come.
Seldom stretch the truth.
Think of others first.
AssuredDominant
(PA)
o
90
ArrogantCalculating
(BC)
o
135
ColdHearted
(DE)
o
180
Warmth
AloofIntroverted
(FG)
o
225
UnassuredSubmissive
(HI)
o
270
0e
Markey & Markey, 2009
GregariousExtraverted
(NO)
o
45
Dominance
–
–
–
–
0e
WarmAgreeable
(LM)
o
0
UnassumingIngenuous
(JK)
o
315
The
Interpersonal Circumplex
• The IPC can help us understand sex –
well at least who does it the most!
0e
0e
AssuredDominant
GregariousExtraverted
WarmAgreeable
rs
io
n
GregariousExtraverted
Dominance
Warmth
Ext
ra
ve
n
io
rs
ColdHearted
AssuredDominant
ArrogantCalculating
Ext
ra
ve
Dominance
ArrogantCalculating
ColdHearted
ble
ea
re
Ag
Warmth
ss
ne
UnassumingIngenuous
UnassuredSubmissive
WarmAgreeable
ble
ea
re
Ag
ss
ne
AloofIntroverted
AloofIntroverted
UnassumingIngenuous
UnassuredSubmissive
0e
0e
Markey & Markey, 2007
Sex
• "Sex is a conversation carried out by other
means.”
• "Sex with love is the greatest thing in life.
But sex without love -- that's not so bad
either."
Sex and Personality
• What accounts for different people’s
willingness (or lack thereof) to engage in
sexual relations with multiple partners?
• Who has multiple partners?
– High Extraversion
– Low Agreeablness
Method
• Participates
– 210 participants
• 105 men and 105 women
• Measures
– IAS
– Sexual promiscuity (different levels of intimacy)
•
•
•
•
1) One minute continuous lip kissing
2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
4) Sexual intercourse
Results
• 1) Men reported more partners for:
•
•
•
•
1) One minute continuous lip kissing
2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
4) Sexual intercourse
Results
• 2) For both males and females dominance
was positively related to:
•
•
•
•
1) One minute continuous lip kissing
2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
4) Sexual intercourse
Results
• 3) Warmth had a quadratic relationship
with:
•
•
•
•
1) One minute continuous lip kissing
2) Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
3) Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
4) Sexual intercourse
40
One minute continuous lip kissing
35
Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
30
Number of partners
Sexual intercourse
25
20
15
10
5
0
-3
-2
-1
0
Warmth
1
2
3
One minute continuous lip kissing
Manual manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
PA
PA
12
8
4
DE
BC
NO
2
DE
LM
0
FG
4
JK
HI
HI
2
Number of partners = 9.28 + 2.38 (Sex) + 4.08 (Dom) - 1.40 (Warm) + 1.60 (Warm )
Number of partners = 2.43 + 3.60 (Sex) + 1.64 (Dom) - .14 (Warm) + 1.01 (Warm2)
Oral manipulation of nude partner’s genitals
Sexual intercourse
PA
PA
8
4
2
DE
Number of Partners
6
BC
LM
FG
JK
NO
0
BC
NO
4
2
LM
0
FG
6
DE
NO
LM
0
FG
JK
JK
HI
HI
Number of partners = 2.15 + 2.73 (Sex) + 1.21 (Dom) - .41 (Warm) + .72 (Warm2)
Number of Partners
16
Number of Partners
BC
Number of Partners
6
20
Number of partners = 2.82 + 2.70 (Sex) + 1.20 (Dom) - .51 (Warm) + .70(Warm2)
Note: Underlined values indicate a significant (p < .05) regression weight.
Research Examples
Conclusion
• Personality is a unique “blend” of traits
• Like chemistry’s periodic table
– Elements do not exist in a vacuum
– Combine together!
• H20, NH3, CO2, etc.