International Homicide Investigators
Association Conference
August 17, 2015
Craig W. Floyd
Chairman & CEO
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund
PowerPoint Presentation
Available at:
www.LawMemorial.org/IHIA.
2
Dallas Police Officer
J.D. Tippit
End of Watch: November 22, 1963
3
Memorial Fund Mission
• VISION
 To inspire every citizen to value law enforcement
• MISSION
 To tell the story of American law enforcement and to
make it safer for those who serve
30 Years of Service and Achievement
• Established in 1984








National Memorial dedicated
Making it safer for officers
Flags lowered on May 15
Commemorative Silver Dollar
Officer of the Month
National Police Week
National Museum
Database of officer fatalities
5
Memorial Fund Board Members
Brenda Donner
Concerns of Police Survivors
Shari Litow
DuPont
Jon Adler
Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association
Chuck Canterbury
Fraternal Order of Police
Marcus Jones
National Black Police Association
Joseph Akers
National Organization of Black Law
Enforcement Executives
John Thompson
National Sheriffs' Association
Linda Hennie
Fraternal Order of Police Auxiliary
Mike Muth
National Troopers Coalition
Vincent Talucci
International Association of Chiefs of Police
Chuck Wexler
Police Executive Research Forum
Robert Santagata
International Brotherhood of Police Officers
Jim Bueermann
Police Foundation
Sam A. Cabral
International Union of Police Associations/AFLCIO
Harry E. Phillips
Police Unity Tour
Robert Hoffman
Motorola Solutions
Ralph Boelter
Target Corporation
William Johnson
National Association of Police Organizations
Robert Pavone
United Federation of Police Officers, Inc.
Law Enforcement
NationalNational
Law Enforcement
Officers Memorial
Officers Memorial
7
The Big Picture
 20,538 Officers on the Memorial
 Firearms-related deaths: 11,382 (55%)
 Traffic-related deaths: 5,867 (29%)
 Other causes: 3,289 (16%)
9
Service and Sacrifice:
The Facts
 One officer is killed in America every 60 hours
 An average of 146 a year for the last 10 years
 57,000 officers are assaulted by criminals annually
 More than 100,000 officers are injured annually
 900,000 officers risk their lives daily
10
Service and Sacrifice:
The Facts
“ALL LIVES MATTER”
11
2015
A National Focus on Policing
Law Enforcement Under Attack
 Second guessing and criticism of officers
 Anti-cop, anti-government sentiments
 45% increase in officers killed by gunfire in 2014
 Fatal ambush attacks tripled in 2014
13
Police Use of Force: The Facts
 Between 2009-2012, 56,259 homicide victims were reported in
the U.S.*
 1,491 were the result of police use of force—an average of 372
persons per year (61% white males; 32% black males)*
 During same period, 373 persons struck by lightning in U.S.
*Source: DOJ Bureau of Justice Statistics
New York City
 In 2014, officers discharged their firearms in only 42
instances out of 20 million contacts with citizens, 4.5
million calls for service and nearly 400,000 arrests
15
Public Safety is a Partnership
Sir Robert Peel – Father of Modern Policing
“The police are the public and the public are the police;
the police being the only members of the public who
are paid to give full time and attention to the duties
which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of
community welfare and existence.”
“The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of police actions.”
16
The Way Forward
 We must “see each other” (NYPD Police Commissioner William Bratton)
 Collaborate to resolve issues
 Not abandon the principles that ensure order is maintained”Broken Windows”
 Continue Community Policing models
(Public/Private partnerships)
 A national conversation on police use of force
17
Witness to History
Line of Duty Deaths
1791
1804
1811
1823
1830
1840
1844
1849
1853
1857
1861
1865
1869
1873
1877
1881
1885
1889
1893
1897
1901
1905
1909
1913
1917
1921
1925
1929
1933
1937
1941
1945
1949
1953
1957
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
2013
Total Fatalities: 1791-2014
350
301 (1930)
300
250
20
280 (1974)
241 (2001)
200
150
100
50
0
States with Most Officer Fatalities:
1791-2014
1800
1695
1564
1600
1366
1400
Number
1200
of
Officers
1000
1092
1021
800
600
400
200
0
TX
CA
NY
21
Federal
IL
States with Fewest Officer Fatalities:
1791-2014
45
41
40
Number
of
Officers
37
35
34
30
25
22
20
15
11
10
5
0
DE
NH
Military
22
VT
Tribal
Total Line of Duty Deaths by Department
1791 – 2014
 Municipal: 11,247 (55%)
 County: 4,844 (24%)
 State: 2,939 (14%)
 Federal: 1,092 (5%)
 Territorial: 376 (2%)
 Military: 34 (0.2%)
 Tribal:
6 (.03%)
23
13
Felonious v. Non-Felonious: 1791-2014
14000
12,62
12,692
12000
10000
7,846
7,846
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Felonious
Non-Felonious
24
Felonious Fatalities – Primary Reasons:
1791-2014
Bombing / Terrorism
138
Other
331
Beat
351
Stabbed
421
Struck By Vehicle
692
Shot
10759
0
2000
4000
6000
Total: 12,692 (62%) Number of Officers
25
8000
10000
12000
Non-Felonious Fatalities –
Primary Reasons: 1791-2014
Traffic Related
5086
Illness
1045
Firearms Related
623
Other
476
Aircraft
378
Drown
238
0
1000
2000
3000
Total: 7,846 (38%) Number of Officers
26
4000
5000
6000
Average Annual Number of Officers
Killed by Decade
300
242
250
231
221
191
200
139
150
100
50
0
27
86
157
119 119
162 166
136
Reasons for Rise in late 1920s-1930s
• Prohibition Era
• Organized crime/Bootlegging
 John Dillinger and his gang murdered 10 law
enforcement officers from 1932-1934
 Bonnie and Clyde murdered nine officers
• 1930: deadliest year on record
 301 officers killed
28
Reasons for Rise in late 1960s-1970s
• “Precisely why violent crime jumped abruptly in
the 1960’s is poorly understood, though experts
have cited the breakdown of traditional
authority that accompanied the Vietnam War,
the decline of the family and the loss of jobs in
the nation’s inner cities.”
Source: Fox Butterfield's New York Times article "Number of Slain Police Officers Is
Lowest Since 1960”
29
Reasons for Rise in late 1960s-1970s
• 1970s: second deadliest decade policing history
 1974: second deadliest year on record
 280 officers were killed
•
•
•
•
•
•
Campus unrest
Overall anti-government, anti-authority sentiment
Vietnam war
Racial and gender tension
Political unrest
Rise in recreational drug use
30
Reasons for Decline Post 1970s
•
•
•
•
Number one reason: advent of soft body armor
By late-1980s, about 1/2 of officers wore vests
Now, about 75 percent of officers wearing vests
IACP/DuPont Kevlar Survivors' Club® started in 1987
 Over 3,100 survivors
 An average of 110 saves per year
31
Importance of Bullet-Resistant Armor
• It has been estimated that the risk of dying from
gunfire is 14 times higher for an officer not wearing
body armor
(Source: House Report 107-193 – James Guelff and Chris McCurley Body Armor Act of 2001)
32
Reasons for Decline Post 1970s
•
•
•
•
•
Better Training
Less-lethal weapons
Tougher criminal justice
Reduction in violent crime
Improved emergency medical care
33
Safer for Officers Today Since
1970s
Year
Officers Killed
Total Officers
Death Risk
1970
219
314,503*
1 per 1,436
2014
117
900,000
1 per 7,692
*Source: FBI LEOKA
34
Recent Trends
35
Felonious/Non-Felonious Last 10 Years
2005 - 2014
36
Officers NOT Wearing Seat Belts in
Fatal Auto Crashes
Total % NOT Wearing Belts by Year
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
57%
46%
38%
10%
0%
2012
Based on NLEOMF Fatal Traffic Crash Data
27
2013
2014
Law Enforcement Officers Assaulted and
Killed: 2004-2013
Year
Number of Assaults
on Officers
Number of Officers
Injured
Number of Officer
Fatalities
2004
59,692
16,737
165
2005
57,820
16,072
163
2006
59,396
15,916
156
2007
61,257
15,736
192
2008
61,087
15,554
148
2009
57,268
14,948
125
2010
56,491
14,744
161
2011
55,631
14,798
171
2012
53,867
14,678
126
2013
49,851
14,565
107
Average Per Year
57,346
15,375
151
Source: FBI LEOKA (Assaults)
38
Murder Rate: 2004-2013
 Historically, nation’s homicide rate has mirrored officer
fatality rate with some exceptions (i.e. 2006 & 2009)
20,000
250
18,000
16,000
Muder Victims
14,000
12,000
150
10,000
8,000
100
6,000
4,000
50
2,000
0
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
National Murder Rate
Source: FBI UCR
39
2009
2010
2011
Officers Killed
2012
2013
Line of Duty Deaths
200
Profile of Officers Killed: 2014
 Average age: 41 years old
 Average length of service: 12 years
 114 (97%) were male; 3 (3%) were female
40
Profile of Cop Killers: 2013
• Of the 565 known offenders in connection with felonious law
enforcement officer deaths from 2004-2013:
•
•
•
•
Average age: 31 years old
551 (98%) were male; 13 (2%) were women
464 (82%) had prior criminal arrests
128 (23%) had prior criminal arrest for assaulting an
officer/resisting arrest
• 149 (26%) were under judicial supervision at the time of the
incidents
• 61 (11%) were under the influence of a controlled substance at
the time
• 56 (10%) were under the influence of alcohol or were intoxicated
at the time
Source: FBI LEOKA Report 2013
41
Law Enforcement Officer Fatalities:
2014 v. 2013
2014
2013
% Change
117
106
+10%
Firearms-related
48
33
+45%
Traffic-related
48
44
+9%
Other Causes
21
29
-28%
Total Fatalities
42
2014: States with Most Officer
Fatalities
16
14
14
12
10
10
10
8
6
6
5
4
2
0
CA
NY
TX
43
FL
Federal
Officer Fatalities: 2015 v. 2014
(Year to date information as of Aug 13, 2015)
2015
2014
%Change
Total Fatalities
75
69
9%
Firearms-related
21
28
-25%
Traffic-related
34
26
31%
Other Causes
20
15
33%
44
2015: States with Most Officer Fatalities
(As of Aug 13, 2015)
9
8
8
7
7
7
6
5
5
4
4
4
AL
PA
3
2
1
0
TX
GA
LA
MS
45
Concerns Moving Forward
46
Troubling Concerns
 In 2014, 24% of officers killed were not wearing body armor
 Down from 34% in 2013
 In 2014, 38% of officers killed in auto crashes were not wearing seatbelts
 Down from 57% in 2013
 In 2014, 53% of fatal auto crashes were single vehicle crashes
 Roughly the same as 2013 (54%)
 Number of officers shot and killed in ambush attacks in 2014 (15) was
three times the number from 2013 (5)
47
Changing the Culture of Law
Enforcement Safety
Officer Safety and Wellness Group
Recommendations
 Create environment that rewards people for safe behavior
 Must have unified safety message—buy-in from unions
 Establish national clearinghouse for best practices
 Emphasize safety message daily
 Wear your vest
 Wear your seatbelt
 Drive slower and safer (no distracted driving)
 Never take any assignment for granted
49
Officer Safety and Wellness Group
Recommendations
 “If it matters, measure it”—a data-driven approach to safety
 Do not accept/tolerate injuries and fatalities
 1944—last year below 100 fatalities
 Be creative in safety messaging:
“Destination Zero”
50
Some Good News!
 Since the 1970s, number of officer fatalities has steadily
declined—averaged about 230 officer deaths each year in 1970s,
compared to about 146 over last 10 years (37% decline)
 Decline occurred as number of officers more than doubled
 The number of officer fatalities in 2013 (106) and 2014 (117) were
the lowest in more than 50 years
51
NLEOMF Officer Safety and Wellness
Initiatives
 Fallen Officer Database (since 1791)
 The importance of collecting data
 Federal Grant Projects





Recently Fallen Alerts (COPS)
Primary Research (COPS)
Destination Zero (BJA)
VALOR Training (BJA)
Traffic Safety (NHTSA)
Recently Fallen Alerts
 Message sent out to notify
subscribers of the death of
a law enforcement officer
anywhere in the United
States and its territories




Email
Facebook
Twitter
Instagram
53
Primary Research
 Deeper dive into line of duty deaths since 2010
 Types of calls for service
 What information was dispatched
 Self initiated stops
 Trends in crashes
 Weapon retention cases
 Tactics
54
Preliminary Trends Identified
 Officers not waiting for their back up and entering
domestic disturbances by themselves
 Officers dispatched alone to nuisance calls such as
noise complaints, or welfare checks
 Officers racing to assist fellow officers and crashing
at high speed
 Failure to properly search prisoners or areas where
suspects are being seated
 Weapon retention is still a concern
55
Department of Justice’s
Bureau of Justice Assistance
VALOR program
 NLEOMF works in partnership with BJA in support of
the VALOR Program.
 Created to prevent violence against law enforcement
 Provides training and resources to officers and chief
executives
 NLEOMF provides data support and advertises
upcoming VALOR training dates
 Visit www.valorforblue.org
56
NHTSA Traffic Safety
 Support various national traffic safety initiatives
 “Move Over” laws
 Monitor and report on trends involving:





Vehicle crashes
Struck by’s
Motorcycle crashes
Single vehicle crashes
Other emerging trends as identified
57
Destination Zero
 Recognize innovative and successful officer safety
and wellness programs
 Build a comprehensive resource base for
departments looking to start and implement their
own program
58
Destination Zero
 2015 Winners
 General Officer Safety:
 Dallas PD
 Officer Traffic Safety:
 Yolo County SO
 Health & Wellness:
 Indianapolis Metro PD
 Most Comprehensive:
 Orange County SO
59
Destination Zero Website
 Website serves as a resource for other
departments to develop their own
office safety and wellness programs
www.destinationzero.org
60
The National Law
Enforcement Museum
The Need for a Museum
 Story of law enforcement’s vital role in our society
has never been told
 1 out of 5 Americans has any contact with a law
enforcement professional
 Debunk the myths and stereotypes formed by media
and Hollywood
 Need to know stories behind the names of the fallen
62
Boston Marathon Bombing
63
Connecticut State Police
and Sandy Hook
64
Maryland State Police Trooper
Wesley Brown
End of Watch: June 11, 2010
National Law Enforcement Museum
66
National Law Enforcement Museum
67
Milestone Moments in Law
Enforcement History
 Earliest known fatality: Sheriff Cornelius Hogeboom
 EOW: October 22, 1791
 Sheriff for Columbia County (NY) Sheriff
 Shot as he attempted to serve a writ of ejectment
 First female death: Jail Matron Anna Hart
 EOW: July 24, 1916
 Hamilton County (OH) Sheriff's Office
 Beaten to death during attempted escape
 278 female officers killed in line of duty throughout history
68
Milestone Moments in Law
Enforcement History
 1631-voluntray night watch becomes the first form of law
enforcement in the colonies-Boston
 1712-the first paid law enforcement officers-Boston
 1858-Chicago and Boston are the first to issue uniforms
 1863-Boston issues pistols to officers
 1914-Berkley, CA, police, first to provide officers with
automobiles
69
Milestones Moments in Law Enforcement History
Deadliest Incident: September 11, 2001
Fred Morrone
A National Center for Law Enforcement
• The Museum will span three levels,
57,000 square feet, and includes
high-tech, interactive exhibitions,
more than 17,000 artifacts, 12
exhibition areas, a changing exhibit
gallery, gift shop and café
• Will promote officer safety through
advanced research and outreach
• A 110-seat state of the art, multimedia theater will host film
festivals, round table discussions,
lecture series and more
• Research Center
• A campus environment including
the Memorial
71
Museum Groundbreaking
72
Museum Status
2000
 Museum Congressionally
authorized in 2000
2010
 Groundbreaking in 2010
 Underground utility infrastructure
completed November 2011
 Building and Exhibit design
completed and approved in 2013
2011
2013
 Sale of bonds underway
 Construction will take 28 months
73
J. Edgar Hoover
Collection
-Approximately 7,210 items
-Hoover’s entire personal estate
-Donated by the J. Edgar Hoover
Foundation
-Includes photographs, books, gifts
and awards, memorabilia, and the
desk he used during his nearly 48
years as Director of the FBI
-Papers from Childs spy case
Other Items in the Collection
 Al Capone’s bullet proof
vest
 Eliot Ness’ credentials
 Marshal Pat Garrett’s
badge and derringer
pistol
 Car used in DC Sniper
case
 Sheriff’s writ from 1703
75
Introductory Theater
76
Hall of Remembrance
History Beat
78
Officers’ Stories & Tools of the Trade
Motorola Solutions
911 Emergency Operations
Reel to Real
Target® Take the Case
A Museum Without Walls
 Officer Roll Call
 A Conversation on Law Enforcement
 More than 17,000 artifacts collected
 Continuing education
 Witness to History
83
Attica: Beyond the Riot
April 14, 2015
Washington, DC-area Sniper Attacks,
10 Years Later September 18, 2012
Investigating the Unabomber
September 20, 2014
Sirhan Sirhan and the Assassination of Robert
F. Kennedy June 5, 2012
DarkMarket & the FBI Agent who Became
Master Splyntr April 8, 2014
Air Florida Flight 90 Crash, 30 Years Later
February 2, 2012
The Investigation of Robert Hanssen October
1, 2013
September 11, 2001
September 8, 2011
The Hunt for the Green River Killer
April 10, 2013
The Shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald
June 7, 2011
The ATF Raid at Waco February 7, 2013
Museum Education
"We spend hours teaching children about Shakespeare and
history, but we don't devote even an hour a week to the role
of police in creating the world in which we live."
-Maria Haberfield, Professor
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
85
Major Capital Campaign Partners
Motorola Solutions
$18,000,000
Police Unity Tour
$5,000,000
DuPont
$3,000,000
GLOCK
$2,000,000
Warner Bros. Entertainment Company
$1,750,000
Target Corporation
$1,500,000
Verizon Foundation
$1,500,000
J. Edgar Hoover Foundation
$1,100,000
Mag Instrument, Inc.
$1,000,000
Panasonic Computer Solutions
$1,000,000
California Correctional Peace Officers
Association
$1,000,000
Over $58,000,000 raised
Over 100 corporations have
donated $28,000,000
Over 1,100 law enforcement
organizations have donated
$16,500,000
Board groups have donated
more than $30,000,000
Asset Forfeiture program has
raised $1,700,000 nationwide
Homeless Man Pays His Respect
87
Action Steps to Consider:
 Sign up for “Recently Fallen Alerts”
 Enter your profile on “Officer Roll Call”
 Visit www.destinationzero.org and share your agency
program
 Support “It’s a Matter of Honor” campaign and help
build law enforcement’s house
 Go to www.LawMemorial.org
88
PowerPoint Presentation
Available at:
www.LawMemorial.org/IHIA.
89
Questions?
For more information:
Craig W. Floyd
National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund
(202) 737-3400
cfloyd@nleomf.org
www.LawMemorial.org
90
38