‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Shoulder Joint
(Gleno-Humeral)
&
Axilla
Objectives
 How shoulder joint is formed.
 Name the type of the joint.
 Explain structures related to the shoulder joint.
 Name the movements taking place on shoulder joint.
 Define shoulder joint dislocation and subluxation.
 Define axilla.
 Give its boundaries and contents.
Shoulder joint
 Articulation
 Type
 Capsule
 Ligaments
 Movements
Bones
forming
Shoulder
joint
Capsule and ligaments of the
Shoulder Joint
Capsule and ligaments of the
Shoulder Joint
Movements at the Shoulder Joint
Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Circumduction
Rotation
Definitions
 Dislocation: The joint surfaces are completely
displaced and are no longer in contact.
 Subluxation: A lesser degree of
displacement, such that the articular surfaces
are still partly apposed.
 Fracture: Fracture is a break in the structural
continuity of bone.
A.
B.
C.
Subluxation
Partial dislocation
Complete dislocation
Dislocation of shoulder joint
Causes of shoulder dislocation
Shoulder joint is commonly dislocated due
to it’s freedom of movement and instability.
Common causes are:
 A fall on the hand.
 Excessive extension and lateral rotation of
the hummers.
Axilla (Armpit)
The axilla is the region
between the pectoral muscles,
the scapula, the arm and the
thoracic wall.
It is a region through which
vessels and nerves pass from
the root of the neck into the
upper limb.
Axilla is a space
4 Sided pyramid
Apex connected to the neck
Base Arm pit
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Section of Axilla
Boundaries of the Axilla
• Apex:
Clavicle anteriorly, the upper border of
the scapula posteriorly and the first rib
medially.
• Base: Skin and fascia of the arm pit
Boundaries of the Axilla
• Anterior wall: Pectoralis major muscle,
Pectoralis minor muscle, and the
clavipectoral fascia
• Posterior wall: Posterior axillary fold (teres
major and Latissimus dorsi) and the
subscapularis.
• Medial wall: Upper portion of the thoracic
wall and the serratus anterior muscle.
• Lateral wall: Intertubercular sulcus of the
Humerus.
Contents of the Axilla
1. Axillary sheath
2. Brachial plexus :are the
nerves which supply the
upper limb
3. Axillary vessels and
their branches
4. Lymph nodes
5. Lymphatic vessels
6. fat
The Axilla
.
.
Thank you