1st Hour
Jordan
Tomas
Aliza
Grayson
Sydney K
Jorge
Jax
Mariyah
Jaylen
Anna
Catalina
Noah
Sydney L
Alan
Teacher’s Desk
Andres Desiree
DOOR
Jakob
Elizabeth
Manuel
Alexis
Kyle
Vanessa
Sean
Sydney P Steven
Gabriella
Jose
Estrella Quintin
Karina Armando
2nd
Hour
Jarod
Dominique
Marcel
Matt
Ian
Teacher’s Desk
Joseph
Daniel Jonathan Shayna
Kayla
River
Adrian
Logan Briseida Michael Alejandro
AJ
Mei
Jackson Josslan
DOOR
Donte
Al
Kelechi
Antony O Sam
Maleek
Taylor
Chris
Jose
Halle
Andrew
Eunice
Mario
Aisake
Mauricio
Alejandro
Diana
Castillo
Kassandra Edgar
Daniel
Luis
Jessica G
Sarah
Alejandro
Alejandra
Cristan
Austin
Liliana
Juliana
Ozzie V
Carolina
Ozzie P
Kiana
Caitlin Gerardo
Eduardo Jessica MRoberto
3rd
DOOR
Teacher’s Desk
5th
Hour
Teacher’s Desk
Brian P
Josh
Rosa Jasmine
andrea
Nick
Marco
Kia
Kura
Kohl
Serina
Sonia Hubble Alexis W Marcos Adriana Brian H
DOOR
Elmer
Adi
Ty
Odalis
William
Taylor
Andrew
Adrian
Lauren
Ivanna
Harrison Alexis M Edward
Isaiha
Davenport
6th
Hour
Teacher’s Desk
Jacob Conrad
Jaquie
Ysid
Ricardo Brianna
Claudia
Josh
Antonio
Andrew ShannonJeremiah Janette Anthony
DOOR
Alex
Carmen Taylor
Audrey
Raul
Richard
Kyejah
Moses
Ruben
Haley
Gio
Diego
Travys
Nick
Judial
Warm Up: Tuesday, January 8th
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•
•
•
Roll Tide
Welcome back! Happy 2013!
Pick up a warm-up packet
Please begin the warm up for the day
• Warm Up:
• What were TWO of the favorite things that you
did this break?
• How did you celebrate the holidays? (New
Years, Christmas, Hanukkah…any other
holiday!)
Today: To Do & Goals
• Go over Rules, Expectations, Consequences
• What we are doing for the next nine weeks?
• Activity to introduce the unit.
Rules
1. Come to class, on time, be prepared and try.
2. Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you (be respectful of others, be
appropriate).
3. Follow directions and procedures
Expectations
• I have HIGH expectations for all of you this semester
• I know what you can do, so I am going to push you to do them
• You will have to work harder this semester- this is for your future!
• What is an “A” student?
• Description of an A student as described by past students: Takes
notes, asks questions, pays attention, does homework, studies
for exams, is self-motivated.
• *Please remember that grades are EARNED, not GIVEN*
*When others are talking, be respectful and LISTEN*
Consequences
•
•
•
•
1st offense- call on you- this is a WARNING
2nd offense- call on you- this is ALSO A WARNING
3rd offense- CALL HOME/email
4th offense- REFERRAL
• Depending on the severity of the situation, I may refer you
despite not going through the offenses.
This quarter-Spring Break
• Scientific Revolution
• French Revolution
• Test
• Industrial Revolution
• Imperialism
• Test
• World War I
• Test
Activity:
• You INDIVIDUALLY will be given 6 key people of the scientific
revolution
• You are to fill out the chart completely
• All of the individuals are in your book, and you are to go to the
page that is given
• READ about them- you will not be given the answers, you will
have to FIND them
• Good luck!
Wednesday/Thursday
th
January 9 /10th
• ASU Update: Will Sutton is back!!!
• To do today:
•
•
•
•
•
Warm Up
Scientific Revolution PPT
Galileo activity
Galileo movie clip
Other activity if needed
This is NOT the warm up….just think about it 
• What is your definition of a goal???
Goal: Definition
• noun
• 1. the result or achievement toward which effort is
directed; aim; end.
Warm Up:
• What is one academic goal that you have for this
year?
• What is one personal goal that you have for
yourself this year?
• How will you accomplish each of these goals this
year?
The Scientific
Revolution
Essential Question:
• How did scientific discoveries change people’s
attitudes towards natural events and religious
faiths?
Goals:
• Students will learn how new approaches to science
changed people’s beliefs about the universe and
institutions such as the church.
A New Revolution
• The Renaissance inspired a
spirit of curiosity
• The Reformation encouraged
leaders to challenge the
accepted ways of thinking
about God and salvation
• A new Revolution was occurring
in Europe that will challenge
how people view their space in
the universe- the Scientific
Revolution
Medieval View
• Before 1500, people
thought whatever the
bible or ancient
philosopher said must be
true
• Few European scholars
questioned the scientific
ideas of ancient thinkers
or the church by carefully
observing nature
Geocentric Theory
• During the Middle Ages
most scholars believed the
earth was unmoving, and
was the center of the
universe
• According to the belief, the
sun, moon and other
planets revolved around
the earth
• Common sense supported
that view- it seemed the
sun rises and sets everyday
• This was known as the
Geocentric theory
Geocentric Theory Continued
• Was supported by Aristotle and Greek astronomer Ptolemy
• The church supported this theory as well, and taught that God
had purposely put the earth in the center of the universe
Ptolemy’s Geocentric theory
• Ptolemy’s
Geocentric theory
A New Way of Thinking
• A few scholars published
works that challenged the old
ways of thinking in the 1500s,
launching a change in
European thought
• Historians call this the
Scientific Revolution- a new
way of thinking about the
world based on observation
and willingness to question
old beliefs
Why now?
• During the Renaissance,
scholars uncovered many old
manuscripts and realized that
ancient authorities didn’t
always agree with each other
• As Europeans traveled to
Africa, Asia and the America’s,
discoveries that had been
unknown for centuries, just
proved the possibility of new
truths
Nicolaus Copernicus
• First major challenge to the
old ways of thinking was in
astronomy
• A small group of scholars
questioned the geocentric
theory
• After studying planetary
movements for over 25 years,
Nicolaus Copernicus
concluded that the stars, earth
and other planets revolved
around the sun
Heliocentric Theory
• Copernicus’s heliocentric theory (sun-centered
theory) was rejected by most scholars and clergy
because it contradicted religious views
• Fearing persecution and ridicule, Copernicus
didn’t publish his findings until 1543, the last
year of his life
• He received a copy of his book, On the
Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, on his
deathbed
Proving it was true
• Over the next few centuries, scientists based their ideas
on Copernicus’s findings
• Tycho Brahe recorded the movements of planets for
many years
• His assistant, Johannes Kepler proved Copernicus’s basics
were true through mathematics
• Kepler couldn’t see well and had limited use of his hands
due to suffering from small pox as a child
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler’s
view of solar system
Activity: Three Theories of the
Solar System
• In the next 10 minutes, read the three paragraphs on the 3
theories of the solar systems in your warm-up packet and
answer the questions on the following page.
• This is to be individually or with ONE PARTNER
• You must be actively working or you will lose partner
privileges
Galileo Galilei
• 1581, Galileo sat in a cathedral
and noticed the chandelier swing
on its chain
• Aristotle said a pendulum’s
rhythm starts to slow as it
approaches its resting place
• Using his pulse, Galileo timed
the chandelier’s swings, and
each swing of the pendulum
took exactly the same amount of
time
• Galileo had discovered the law
of the pendulum
Galileo
• Video: Start at 29 minutes
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSt3y8NZT_4
Law of the Pendulum
…and more from Galileo
• Galileo also found that a falling object
accelerates at a fixed and predictable speed
• He tested Aristotle’s theory that heavy objects
fall faster than lighter ones by dropping stones of
different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa
What do you think….will a basketball and a
volleyball both land at the same time, although
they are different weights?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHh3jJoW3zA
…and he discovered even MORE!
• After hearing that a Dutch lens maker had built an instrument that
could enlarge far off places, Galileo successfully built his own
telescope without ever seeing the original device
Galileo’s telescope
• Galileo used his telescope to
“study the heavens”
• 1610 hew published a series of
newsletters called Starry
Messenger, describing his
amazing findings
• He told of Jupiter’s 4 moons, and
the dark spots on the sun, and
the rough, uneven surface of the
moon
• This shattered Aristotle’s theory
that the moon and stars were
made of a pure, perfect
substance
How telescopes are made?
Conflict With the Church
• Galileo’s findings scared
leaders of Catholic and
Protestant leaders because
they went against church
teaching and authority
• If people believed the
church could be wrong
about this….
what else were
they wrong
about?
The Warning
• 1616, the Catholic church warned Galileo not to defend
the ideas of Copernicus
• Galileo remained silent publicly, but continued his
studies
• In 1632, Galileo published Dialogue Concerning the Two
Chief World Systems that presented both views, but it
was clear that Galileo supported Copernicus’s view
Primary Sources
Cardinal Bellarmine, 1615
Galileo, 1615
• “…But to want to affirm
that the sun really is
fixed in the center of the
heavens and only
revolves around
itself…and that the earth
revolves…around the sun
is a very dangerous
thing…by injuring our
holy faith and rendering
the holy scriptures false.”
• “…I hold the sun to be
situated motionless in the
center of the revolution of the
celestial orbs while the earth
revolves around the
sun…These men have
resolved to fabricate a shield
for their mistake sout of the
authority of the Bible. These
they apply with little
judgement to the arguments
that they do not understand
and have not even listened to
.”
• The pope was angry, and summoned Galileo to
stand trial before the Inquisition
• Under the threat of torture, Galileo knelt before
the cardinals and read aloud a signed confession
agreeing Copernicus’s findings were false
“With sincere heart and unpretended faith I
abjure, curse and detest the aforesaid errors and
heresies of Copernicus and also every other
error…contrary to the Holy Church, and I swear
that in the future I will never again say or assert
anything that may cause similar suspicion toward
me.” -Galileo
Galileo’s life
• Galileo lived under house arrest and died in 1642
at his villa near Florence
• His books and ideas still spread all over Europe
In 1992, pope John Paul II officially
acknowledged that Galileo was correct in
asserting that the earth revolves around the sun,
but concluded that the church acted in good
faith, and worked with the knowledge of their
time
Galileo's finger goes on
display in Italy !
• A wizened finger belonging to Galileo Galilei, the only
remaining part of the 17th century astronomer's body, is to go
on display in Italy.
In 2000…
• In 2000, Pope John Paul II issued a formal apology for all the
mistakes committed by some Catholics in the last 2,000 years
of the Catholic Church's history, including the trial of Galileo
among others.
Activity: Galileo’s Indictment
• You are to annotate and analyze Galileo’s indictment by the
church by yourself
• You are to then answer the questions about Galileo on your
answer sheet
• You will turn this in TODAY for a grade
Questions: Analysis
• •Why was the church upset with Galileo?
• •Was Galileo right and the church wrong?
• •The name “Scientific Revolution” implies this era was one of
change. What are the old and new values that are coming into
conflict, based on these sources? (think about issues such
authority, sources of knowledge, and the individual in society,
for example).
• •Is a conflict such as this possible today? Why and how?
• •Will this information help us in the future and help us
understand the modern world? How?
The Scientific
Method
The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method
• This revolution in scientific thinking eventually
led to a new approach to science called the
scientific method
• The scientific method is a logical procedure for
gathering and testing idea
• Begins with a problem or question arising from
an observation scientists form a hypothesis
hypothesis is tested in an experiment
scientists analyze and interpret data and reach
conclusion
Scientific Method
Newton’s Law of Gravity
• Newton’s great discovery
was that the same force
ruled the motions of the
pendulum, planets and all
matter on earth and space
• According to this law, every
object in the universe
attracts every other object
• The degree of attraction
depends on the mass of
the objects and the
distance between them
Isaac Newton
Scientific Instruments
• 1590- first microscope developed by Dutch eyeglass
maker, Zacharias Janssen
• 1670s- Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope
to observe red blood cells and bacteria swimming in
tooth scrapings
• 1714 Dutch physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit
created first thermometer to use mercury
in glass, showing water freezing at 32
degrees
• 1742-Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius
created another scale for the mercury
thermometer, showing freezing at 0.
Vaccines
• 1700s British doctor Edward Jenner introduced a
vaccine to prevent smallpox
• He did this by using live germs from cowpox (cattle
disease, but much milder than smallpox)
• Inoculation had been used in Asia for years, and
could be considered dangerous, but because he used
a milder disease, the risks were lower
**inoculation- to introduce (the causative agent of a disease)
into the body of (a person or animal), in order to induce
immunity **
Summary Activity:
• You will have a summary activity for each section of this
Chapter
• Three sections: Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, Effects of
the Enlightenment
• Answer this question: What was the impact of the Scientific
Revolution?
• Write down four of the most important effects of the Scientific
Revolution in your section.
• This should be done SILENTLY and individually for the first 5
minutes.
• I will then give you 5 minutes to work with a partner.
• Ready…GO!