Slide 1
Chapter 9
Vowels
Webpage: http://web.pdx.edu/~connjc/
Slide 2
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Cardinal vowels = not real language - the extreme positions of the
vowel space - use IPA vowel symbols to represent
A language uses these symbols for the closest vowel like articulation
in that language (English [i] is not cardinal [i] but cardinal [i] is
closest)
Cardinal vowel (1) = [i] – any further front/high would be
(voiced palatal fricative)
Cardinal vowel (5) =
- any further lower/back would be
(voiced pharyngeal fric)
Vowel quality in different languages and varieties of the same
language differ - not always phonetically accurate
Slide 3
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Cardinal vowels pretend equal distance between each vowel, but the
front vowels have much further space from high to low than the back
vowels (See Figure 9.3, p. 215)
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#
Slide 4
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Tongue height not really valid – there is an auditory quality that is
more appropriately captured by “vowel height” and can be measured
acoustically (F1, F2, etc).
Slide 5
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Secondary cardinal vowels are identical to primary, but have
opposite lip rounding (plus a couple extra) See Figure 9.5, p. 217
Slide 6
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Acoustic analysis of vowels – from Plotnik – Portland speaker (contrast with Figures 9.6-9.8, pp 219-220)
IPA
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
iy
[i]
ey
[eI
]
i
[I]
e
[E]
uw
[u]
u
[U]
ow
[oU]
o
[A]
oh
[]
oy
[oI]
aw
[aU
]
ay
[aI
]
ah
[A]
Slide 7
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English
Slide 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Acoustic analysis of vowels – from Plotnik – Portland speaker (contrast with Figures 9.6-9.8, pp 219-220)
IPA
iy
[i]
ey
[eI
]
i
[I]
e
[E]
uw
[u]
u
[U]
ow
[oU]
o
[A]
oh
[]
oy
[oI]
aw
[aU
]
ay
[aI
]
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
ah
[A]
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 9
Chapter 9
Different Vowel Systems - Portland
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 10
Chapter 9
Different Vowel Systems – Philly Bonnie
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by
voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 11
Chapter 9
Different Vowel Systems - Portland
C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or
final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons
Slide 12
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English
Chapter 9
Slide 13
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowel Chart Modified
HIGH
MID
LOW
Q
a
Chapter 9
Slide 14
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Summary of vowel quality (see Table 9.2, p. 226)
Height
Backness
Rhotaciziation
Rounding
ATR
Naasalization
Slide 15
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Advanced tongue root = ATR - pharyngeal constriction
Not the same as tense/lax but kinda sorta
[ e2 ] = retracted tongue root (-ATR)
[ e1 ] = advanced tongue root (+ATR)
Slide 16
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Rhotacized vowels - different ways to produce r-coloring (shown in
acoustic signal by lowering of F3)
Nasalization - Vowels are nasalized = air is allowed to escape the
nasal passage AS WELL AS the oral passage
Approximants can also be nasalized
Vowel quality - Height, backness, rounding, rhotacization, ATR,
nasalization
Slide 17
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Secondary articulations (See p.231 – Table 9.5)
Palatalization - as in Russian = added [j] after consonant
Palatalized = above; a sound made closer to palatal region (English [k]
in word ‘key’ is palatalized); historical process that turns sounds into
alveopalatal consonants
Velarization - secondary raising of back of tongue (dark [l] in
English)
Chapter 9
Slide 18
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Secondary articulations (See p.231 – Table 9.5)
Pharyngealization - narrowing of pharynx (Hebrew, Arabic)
Labialization - additional lip rounding ([w] after/at the same time as
consonant)
Labialization + palatalization
Slide 19
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Chapter 9
Slide 20
Practice – try to transcribe the following words
7
8
9
10
11
12
Chapter 9
Slide 21
Practice – try to transcribe the following words
7
[sytOt]
8
[syton]
9
[bgEd]
10
[bQdid]
11
[petuz]
12
[Enk’Qx
]
Slide 22
•Vowel Practice?
Chapter 9