Paper Writer A Guide to Paper Writing ——Writing A Paper Proposal weixiaohonghd@163.com The Major Contents Background Title Elaboration Information 背景介绍 破题立论 Methodology in the Study 研究方法 Topic Selection 选题研究 课外作业 Background Information Introduction Examples 1 Research Motives 研究动机 2 Literature Review 文献综述 3 Existing Problems 存在问题 4 Research Focuses 研究焦点 返回 Title Elaboration Ways to Write a Good Title Patters for Writing Titles Five Knows and Sentences Ways to Explain the Title 返回 Topic Selection A Wise Choice of a Good Topic How to Choose a Topic Comments on Some Topics 返回 Literature Review A strategy to Start a Review Work Suggestions for Literature Review Positive Features of a Good Review Negative Points of a Poor Review Attentions to Literature Review Sentence Patterns for a Review 返回 Methodology 研究方法 1) Objective observation; (客观观察法) 2) Participant observation; (参与观察法) 3) Introspective reflection; (内省反思法) Common Ways Methodology 研究方法 4) Self-report; (自我报告法) 5) Interview; (访谈调查法) 6) Case study; (个案分析法) 7) Questionnaire survey; (问卷调查法) 陈素九 :从隐喻研究《哦,船长,我的船长》 Common Ways Methodology 研究方法 8) Systematic approach; (系统研究法) 9) Follow-up approach; (追踪调查法) 10) Empirical (experimental) approach; (实证法) 徐琰 :任务教学法在英语阅读中的应用 Task-based Language Teaching Methodology and its Application in Reading Common Ways Methodology 研究方法 11) Statistical survey; (统计法) 12) Deductive approach; (演绎法) 13) Inductive approach; (归纳法) 14) Comparison and contrast; (比较与对比法) 程志敏 :“西风颂”两个译本的文体分析 Stylistic Analysis of Two Chinese Versions’ Ode to the West Wind Versions of Common Ways Methodology 15) Illustration; 研究方法 (举例法) 16) Division & Classification; (分解与分类法) 17) Definition; (定义法) 18) Cause and Effect; (因果法) Common Ways 返回 商务英语系口译水平访谈记录 被访者 性 别 班 级 1.你认为自己口译的知识结构如何? 2.你认为自己的口译水平如何? 3.为成为一名口译人才,你认为自己应该提高哪些方 面的能力? 4.在英语听说读写课程教学中,任课教师有无与商务 知识与口译技能相结合? 5.你对口译课堂训练的方法有哪些建议? 访 谈 内 容 记 录 访谈者: 年 月 日 Back 客观观察法 客观观察法是指在日常生活条件下,研究 者通过观察被试者在自然情境中的表情、 动作、行为和言语等外部表现,以了解人 的心理活动的方法,必要时也可采用录音 录象等辅助手段进行。 Back 英语口译能力调查问卷 三.口译技能 17.心理素质 A.好 B.比较好 C.一般 D.不好 18.快速理解 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 19.快速反应 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 20.断句理解 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 21.速记能力 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 22.应答程度 A.自如 B.比较好 C.一般 D.不好 23.记忆能力 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 24.方言辨析能力 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 25.相应时间内注意力 A.集中 B.比较集中 C.一般 D.不集中 26.数字口译能力 A.强 B.比较强 C.一般 D.不强 Back Examples/Analysis Reading makes a full man, writing an exact man, conversation a ready man. ——Francis Bacon Bacon is a master of English language. Bacon’s language is simple and balanced. Back 论霍桑在《七角楼》的 象征主义 II. Outline 2.1 The Symbolism of Objects 2.1.1 The house 2.1.2 The objects in the house 2.1.3 The objects out of the house 2.2 The Symbolism of Colors 2.2.1 The red 2.2.2 The white 2.2.3 The black 2.3 The Symbolism of Characters 2.3.1 The male characters 2.3.2 The female characters Next 课题介绍 “4C” “4C”能力:英语知识与技能+英语教师职业技能 (1)交际 (2)合作 (3)组织 (4)创新 (communicating)能力 (co-operating)能力 (conducting)能力 (creating)能力 Back 外国语学院2005-2009年 科研成果统计 发表 审批 纯课题 出版 论文 课题 经费 教材 113篇 20项 7套 5.1万元 参加课题研究 人数 88人次 外国语学院教师发表论文情况 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 35 26 2005-2006 29 24 2006-2007 2007-2008 高职称:17人;33.33%。 正教授:5人; 9.80%。 副教授:12人;23.53%。 2008-2009 Back 精细化管理展望 目 标 含 义 SEEK to TOP——追求顶尖 S E E K T O P 科 学 研 究 课 外 活 动 就 业 创 业 知 识 技 能 教 学 团 队 组 织 管 理 实 践 教 学 ScientificExtra-curriculum Study Employment Knowledge/skills Teaching Organization Team Practice 高标准、高要求、高效率、高水平 Back Title Elaboration 破题立论 What is a good title? 1) Meaningfulness to the writer and the reader; 2) Compatibility with its contents; 3) Stylistic appropriateness. Definition of a Good Title Title Elaboration Stylistic appropriateness (1) Short; (2) Attractive (striking); (3) Explicit (clear); (4) Informative (instructive); (5) Poetic (lyrical and rhythmical); (6) Idiosyncratic (characteristic). Stylistic Appropriateness 破题立论 Title Elaboration How to choose a good title? 1) Develop a unique perspective. 2) Try to be well-informed. 3) Try to be objective. 4) Try to be persuasive. 5) Try to be logical. 6) Try to be associative(联想的). Ways to Choose a Good Title 破题立论 Title Elaboration 破题立论 What are the devices for writing good titles? 1) Title elaboration (提炼法) 2) Title imitation: use classical ones for new texts (借用法) Let’s Enjoy Beauty in Old Things 3) Imitation plus modification (翻造法——借用翻造法相结合) The(标新立异法) Beauty in Old Things 4) Innovation Be Practical PracticeTo Makes Perfect or Not 5) Quotation(引用法) Devices for Good Titles Title Elaboration 破题立论 A. Pride and Prejudice B. Vanity Fair 5) Quotation(引用法) (1) Quote from other’s works; a) a title directly quoted from an original work for another work; b) a line taken from a source work and used as a title for a new piece; (2) Quote from your current piece 返回 Quotation Title Elaboration Patterns for Titles: Simple Type 1) Noun phrase (短语式): The Old Man and the Sea 2) Question form(问句式): For Whom the Bell Tolls 3) Slogan form(格言警句式): A Farewell to Arms Simple Type Titles 破题立论 Title Elaboration 破题立论 Patterns for Titles: Complex Type 1) Title——subtitle(破折号连接) Truth from Plainness —— On Jane Austen’s Protagonist in Pride and … Beautiful Words Are Cheap —— How to Seek Truth by Writing 2) Title: subtitle (冒号连接) Process-oriented Writing: a Thorny but Fruitful Path to Success Complex Type Titles 返回 Title Elaboration 破题立论 Five “Know-how” Issues 1) Know how to make a generalization; 2) Know how to look at issues from a philosophical perspective; 5 “Know-how” Issues Title Elaboration 破题立论 Five “Know-how” Issues 3) Know how to highlight what you want to express most, namely, the shining points in your pieces; 4) Know how to produce a short but meaningful title; 5) Know how to add artistic tone to your title. 5 “Know-how” Issues 返回 Title Elaboration 破题立论 Ways to Explain the Title At this stage of my research, I choose … as the thematic concept and …as the relational factor. Examples Title Elaboration 破题立论 Ways to Explain the Title The question I want to problem deal with issue in this paper controversy is how to promote test analyze solve a new theory. by using a modified method. an exiting technique. an influential Examples the the the the study of… validity of… issue of… problem of … Title Elaboration 破题立论 Ways to Explain the Title After re-considering more issues in my research, the title I prefer to use to illustrate my research objectives and my research relationships is the title: ... and the subtitle… Examples 返回 Research Information 研究动机 At this level of my research, I decide to select the following issues as my research motives and objectives: Research Motives Research Information 研究动机 In order to examine these research questions more effectively, I would like to adopt 1)a theoretical perspective to examine these issues in my study. 2) an experimental approach for this research. Research Motives Research Information 研究动机 3) a summary type of study for this survey. 4) an introspective (thoughtful, deep in thought) way of discussion for this paper. 5) a critical method in this thesis. 6) a reflectional plus experimental survey of the related issues in this work. Research Motives 返回 Research Information 文献综述 (1)Go to some influential works and journals of their field, work out a practical search schedule that will reveal the publication time span of relevant materials(相关材料发表时间段) (say, 5 or 10 years); (2) Go to traditional or electronic libraries to get all the topic information(主题信息)for their research. A Strategy to Start a Review Work Research Information 文献综述 (3) Don’t need to read the whole pieces; rather, simply have a rapid check of article titles, abstracts, indexes, and key words. (4) Review all the entries collected, finally form a database of information by pinning down those pieces most useful for your research. A Strategy to Start a Review Work Research Information 文献综述 1)“Selective superiority or excellence”(选择性卓越). Neither over-do, nor under-do when you review. 2) Imitation and simulation are some good means when reading good summary works made by experienced scholars. Suggestions for Literature Review Research Information 文献综述 3) In your analysis of the materials collected for review, you must know how to use two types of information processing models: a top-down approach (more work in deduction and logical reasoning) and a bottom-up approach (more work through induction and evidence support). Suggestions for Literature Review 返回 Research Information 文献综述 1) Objectivity (客观性) 2) Comprehensiveness (全面性) 3) Accuracy (准确性) 4) Authoritativeness (权威性) 5) Professionalism (专业性) Positive Features of a Good Review Research Information 文献综述 6) Depth (深刻性) 7) Insightfulness (洞察力) 8) Readability (可读性) 9) Academic promotion (学术促动力) 10) Any other merits you may like to include (其他优点) Positive Features of a Good Review 返回 Research Information 文献综述 1) Far too subjective (论点过分主观) 2) Incomplete (论述缺乏全面) 3) Less persuasive and sufficient (论据不够充分) 4) Less accurate (数据不够准确/论证不准确) Negative Points of a Poor Review 返回 Research Information 文献综述 1) Choose something familiar to review. (选择熟悉题材) 2) Distinguish different review types. (区分评述类别) 3) Adopt an appropriate perspective. (选准切入角度) 4) Stress innovation and uniqueness. (突出新颖之点) Attentions to a Review Research Information 文献综述 5) Avoid shallow completeness. (避免面面俱到) 6) Pay attention to formalities. (注意格式要求) 7) Mind your language usage. (注意语言规范) 8) Develop your independent potential. (培养个人特色) Attentions to a Review 返回 Research Information LOGO Sentence Patterns for a Review Review 1 Review 2 Review 3 3) Important monographs and collections In order toresources have a more complete Some initial I want to use in my such as…. picture about theinclude: issues I have examined, literature review 4) Some dissertations and influential I 1) decide first to do a state-of-the-art type International academic journals such works like…. as…. of and then see what 5) study(综述性研究), Useful on-line databases and services 2) National journals such as…. academic has happened in this area over such the as…. 6) Other available information past5/10/20/30/ or more years. resources such as…. Research Information LOGO Sentence Patterns for a Review Tenses The tense of the literature review is the present tense. Detai ls 返回 Research Information 研究焦点 At the present stage of my research, I select the following relationships and factors as the potential research focuses for me to concentrate on in my further study of the issues identified so far: Research Focuses 返回 Research Information 存在问题 Based on the results of some initial reading and personal reflection, I find that there exist some problems that have not received a appropriate treatment in this field. My further study proves that some major problems which merit exploration many include the challenging issues listed as follows: Existing Problems Proposal Report Research Information 存在问题/研究重点 I choose some symbols to analyze this paper. This thesis will provide an intensive study on symbolism in three aspects, objects, colors and characters. Existing Problems/Focuses 返回 Topic Selection 选题研究 A. It will enhance the quality of your research. B. It will save your time and energy. C. It will make your research behavior more predictable and manipulative (controlling). D. It will develop your research potential to an extreme extent, without overworking you at the same time. A Wise Choice of a Topic 返回 Topic Selection 选题研究 1) Begin with any of your ideas. 2) Narrow down the scope of your study. 3) Highlight a most promising focus by setting up different relationships among the issues you are examing. How to Choose a Topic Topic Selection 选题研究 (1) topic selection; (2) scope delimiting; (3)focus highlighting (importance). How to Choose a Topic 返回 Topic Selection 选题研究 1. On Maggie’s Character in The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛似河上的磨坊》中玛姬的性格 2. An Analysis of Language Features in Tess 析《苔丝》的语言特色 3. On Symbolism in Silas Marner 析《织工马南》中的象征意义 4. A Study of the Realism in The Sound and the Fury 论《喧嚣与骚动》中的现实主义 Comments on Students’ Topics Topic Selection 选题研究 5. A Journey of Outward and Inward Exploration —A Brief Analysis of Walden 副标题不具体. 心灵探索之旅---析《沃尔登》 6. On the Stream of Consciousness in The Sound and the Fury 论《喧嚣与骚动》的意识流特征 Comments on Students’ Topics 有难度 Topic Selection 选题研究 7. Views of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Easy 《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 ! 8. An Analysis of Social Status and Moral Values in The Great Expectations Good! 论《远大前程》中的社会地位及道德观 9. The Psychological Course of Mrs. Lamasay in To the Lighthouse Difficult! 《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人的心路历程 Comments on Students’ Topics Topic Selection 选题研究 10. Giving Feedback in Primary School English Classes 小学英语课堂中的教学反馈 11. The Application of the Schema Theory in Senior High School English Reading 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的应用 12. An Analysis on the Teachers’ Eliciting Strategies in the Chinese EFL Class 加范围 英语课堂上教师诱导策略 Comments on Students’ Topics Topic Selection 选题研究 13. Chinese-English Advertising Translation in the Functionalist Perspective 从功能翻译理论分析汉英广告翻译 14.The Handling of Cultural Elements in the Translation of Tourism Materials 旅游资料翻译中文化因素的处理 14. 从隐喻研究《哦,船长,我的船长》 Comments on Students’ Topics 1.诗歌的名用引号 2.能否写5500字? Topic Selection 大写 选题研究 1. On cultural differences in translation of Chinese and English Idioms 论英汉习语翻译中的文化差异 2. The Functions of the Description of the Natural Environment in Tess of the D‘Urbervilles 谈小说《苔丝》中自然环境描写的作用 斜体 3. On The Social Conception of American Dream 论美国梦的社会含义 小写 Comments on Students’ Topics 返回 Assignments Perfect your thesis proposal, and have a discussion with your teacher. The End Thanks for your attention. Goodbye.