Paper Writer
A Guide to Paper Writing
——Writing A Paper Proposal
weixiaohonghd@163.com
The Major Contents
Background
Title Elaboration
Information
背景介绍
破题立论
Methodology
in the Study
研究方法
Topic Selection
选题研究
课外作业
Background Information
Introduction
Examples
1 Research
Motives
研究动机
2 Literature
Review
文献综述
3 Existing
Problems
存在问题
4 Research
Focuses
研究焦点
返回
Title Elaboration
Ways to Write
a Good Title
Patters for
Writing Titles
Five Knows
and Sentences
Ways to Explain
the Title
返回
Topic Selection
A Wise Choice
of a Good Topic
How to Choose
a Topic
Comments on
Some Topics
返回
Literature Review
A strategy to Start
a Review Work
Suggestions for
Literature Review
Positive Features
of a Good Review
Negative Points
of a Poor Review
Attentions to
Literature Review
Sentence Patterns
for a Review
返回
Methodology
研究方法
1) Objective observation;
（客观观察法）
2) Participant observation;
（参与观察法）
3) Introspective reflection;
（内省反思法）
Common Ways
Methodology
研究方法
4) Self-report;
（自我报告法）
5) Interview;
（访谈调查法）
6) Case study;
（个案分析法）
7) Questionnaire
survey; （问卷调查法）
陈素九 :从隐喻研究《哦，船长，我的船长》
Common Ways
Methodology
研究方法
8) Systematic approach;
（系统研究法）
9) Follow-up approach;
（追踪调查法）
10) Empirical (experimental) approach; （实证法）
徐琰 :任务教学法在英语阅读中的应用
Task-based Language Teaching Methodology
and its Application in Reading
Common Ways
Methodology
研究方法
11) Statistical survey;
（统计法）
12) Deductive approach;
（演绎法）
13) Inductive approach;
（归纳法）
14) Comparison and contrast;
（比较与对比法）
程志敏 :“西风颂”两个译本的文体分析
Stylistic Analysis of Two Chinese Versions’
Ode to the West Wind Versions of
Common Ways
Methodology
15) Illustration;
研究方法
（举例法）
16) Division & Classification; （分解与分类法）
17) Definition;
（定义法）
18) Cause and Effect;
（因果法）
Common Ways
返回
商务英语系口译水平访谈记录
被访者
性
别
班
级
1.你认为自己口译的知识结构如何?
2.你认为自己的口译水平如何?
3.为成为一名口译人才，你认为自己应该提高哪些方
面的能力?
4.在英语听说读写课程教学中，任课教师有无与商务
知识与口译技能相结合？
5.你对口译课堂训练的方法有哪些建议?
访
谈
内
容
记
录
访谈者：
年 月 日
Back
客观观察法
 客观观察法是指在日常生活条件下，研究
者通过观察被试者在自然情境中的表情、
动作、行为和言语等外部表现，以了解人
的心理活动的方法，必要时也可采用录音
录象等辅助手段进行。
Back
英语口译能力调查问卷

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
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
三.口译技能
17.心理素质
A.好
B.比较好
C.一般
D.不好
18.快速理解
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
19.快速反应
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
20.断句理解
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
21.速记能力
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
22.应答程度
A.自如
B.比较好
C.一般
D.不好
23.记忆能力
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
24.方言辨析能力
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
25.相应时间内注意力
A.集中
B.比较集中
C.一般
D.不集中
26.数字口译能力
A.强
B.比较强
C.一般
D.不强
Back
Examples/Analysis
 Reading makes a full man, writing an
exact man, conversation a ready man.
 ——Francis Bacon
 Bacon is a master of English language.
 Bacon’s language is simple and
balanced.
Back
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论霍桑在《七角楼》的
象征主义
II. Outline
2.1 The Symbolism of Objects
2.1.1 The house
2.1.2 The objects in the house
2.1.3 The objects out of the house
2.2 The Symbolism of Colors
2.2.1 The red
2.2.2 The white
2.2.3 The black
2.3 The Symbolism of Characters
2.3.1 The male characters
2.3.2 The female characters
Next
课题介绍
“4C”
 “4C”能力：英语知识与技能+英语教师职业技能
（1）交际
（2）合作
（3）组织
（4）创新
(communicating)能力
(co-operating)能力
(conducting)能力
(creating)能力
Back
外国语学院2005-2009年
科研成果统计
发表
审批
纯课题
出版
论文
课题
经费
教材
113篇
20项
7套
5.1万元
参加课题研究
人数
88人次
外国语学院教师发表论文情况
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
35
26
2005-2006
29
24
2006-2007
2007-2008
高职称：17人；33.33%。
正教授：5人； 9.80%。
副教授：12人；23.53%。
2008-2009
Back
精细化管理展望
目
标
含
义
SEEK to TOP——追求顶尖
S
E
E
K
T
O
P
科
学
研
究
课
外
活
动
就
业
创
业
知
识
技
能
教
学
团
队
组
织
管
理
实
践
教
学
ScientificExtra-curriculum
Study Employment
Knowledge/skills
Teaching
Organization
Team
Practice
高标准、高要求、高效率、高水平
Back
Title Elaboration
破题立论
What is a good title?
1) Meaningfulness to the writer and the reader;
2) Compatibility with its contents;
3) Stylistic appropriateness.
Definition of a Good Title
Title Elaboration
Stylistic appropriateness
(1) Short;
(2) Attractive (striking);
(3) Explicit (clear);
(4) Informative (instructive);
(5) Poetic (lyrical and rhythmical);
(6) Idiosyncratic (characteristic).
Stylistic Appropriateness
破题立论
Title Elaboration
How to choose a good title?
1) Develop a unique perspective.
2) Try to be well-informed.
3) Try to be objective.
4) Try to be persuasive.
5) Try to be logical.
6) Try to be associative(联想的).
Ways to Choose a Good Title
破题立论
Title Elaboration
破题立论
What are the devices for writing good titles?
1) Title elaboration （提炼法）
2) Title imitation: use classical ones for new texts
（借用法）
Let’s Enjoy Beauty in Old Things
3) Imitation plus modification
（翻造法——借用翻造法相结合）
The（标新立异法）
Beauty in Old Things
4) Innovation
Be Practical
PracticeTo
Makes
Perfect or Not
5) Quotation（引用法）
Devices for Good Titles
Title Elaboration
破题立论
A. Pride and Prejudice
B. Vanity Fair
5) Quotation（引用法）
(1) Quote from other’s works;
a) a title directly quoted from an original work
for another work;
b) a line taken from a source work and used as
a title for a new piece;
(2) Quote from your current piece
返回
Quotation
Title Elaboration
Patterns for Titles: Simple Type
1) Noun phrase （短语式）:
The Old Man and the Sea
2) Question form（问句式）:
For Whom the Bell Tolls
3) Slogan form（格言警句式）:
A Farewell to Arms
Simple Type Titles
破题立论
Title Elaboration
破题立论
Patterns for Titles: Complex Type
1) Title——subtitle（破折号连接）
Truth from Plainness
—— On Jane Austen’s Protagonist in Pride and …
Beautiful Words Are Cheap
—— How to Seek Truth by Writing
2) Title: subtitle （冒号连接）
Process-oriented Writing: a Thorny but Fruitful
Path to Success
Complex Type Titles
返回
Title Elaboration
破题立论
Five “Know-how” Issues
1) Know how to make a generalization;
2) Know how to look at issues from
a philosophical perspective;
5 “Know-how” Issues
Title Elaboration
破题立论
Five “Know-how” Issues
3) Know how to highlight what you want to express
most, namely, the shining points in your pieces;
4) Know how to produce a short but meaningful title;
5) Know how to add artistic tone to your title.
5 “Know-how” Issues
返回
Title Elaboration
破题立论
Ways to Explain the Title
At this stage of my research, I choose …
as the thematic concept and …as the relational
factor.
Examples
Title Elaboration
破题立论
Ways to Explain the Title
The question
I want to
problem
deal with
issue
in this paper
controversy is how to
promote
test
analyze
solve
a new
theory.
by using a modified
method.
an exiting
technique.
an influential
Examples
the
the
the
the
study of…
validity of…
issue of…
problem of …
Title Elaboration
破题立论
Ways to Explain the Title
After re-considering more issues in my research,
the title I prefer to use to illustrate my research
objectives and my research relationships is the
title: ... and the subtitle…
Examples
返回
Research Information
研究动机
At this level of my research, I decide to select
the following issues as my research motives and
objectives:
Research Motives
Research Information
研究动机
In order to examine these research questions
more effectively, I would like to adopt
1)a theoretical perspective to examine these
issues in my study.
2) an experimental approach for this research.
Research Motives
Research Information
研究动机
3) a summary type of study for this survey.
4) an introspective (thoughtful, deep in thought)
way of discussion for this paper.
5) a critical method in this thesis.
6) a reflectional plus experimental survey of the
related issues in this work.
Research Motives
返回
Research Information
文献综述
(1)Go to some influential works and journals of
their field, work out a practical search schedule
that will reveal the publication time span of
relevant materials(相关材料发表时间段) (say, 5 or
10 years);
(2) Go to traditional or electronic libraries to get
all the topic information(主题信息)for their research.
A Strategy to Start
a Review Work
Research Information
文献综述
(3) Don’t need to read the whole pieces; rather,
simply have a rapid check of article titles,
abstracts, indexes, and key words.
(4) Review all the entries collected, finally form a
database of information by pinning down those
pieces most useful for your research.
A Strategy to Start
a Review Work
Research Information
文献综述
1)“Selective superiority or excellence”(选择性卓越).
Neither over-do, nor under-do when you review.
2) Imitation and simulation are some good means
when reading good summary works made by
experienced scholars.
Suggestions for
Literature Review
Research Information
文献综述
3) In your analysis of the materials collected for
review, you must know how to use two types of
information processing models: a top-down
approach (more work in deduction and logical
reasoning) and a bottom-up approach (more work
through induction and evidence support).
Suggestions for
Literature Review
返回
Research Information
文献综述
1) Objectivity （客观性）
2) Comprehensiveness （全面性）
3) Accuracy （准确性）
4) Authoritativeness （权威性）
5) Professionalism （专业性）
Positive Features
of a Good Review
Research Information
文献综述
6) Depth （深刻性）
7) Insightfulness （洞察力）
8) Readability （可读性）
9) Academic promotion （学术促动力）
10) Any other merits you may like to include
（其他优点）
Positive Features
of a Good Review
返回
Research Information
文献综述
1) Far too subjective （论点过分主观）
2) Incomplete
（论述缺乏全面）
3) Less persuasive and sufficient （论据不够充分）
4) Less accurate
（数据不够准确/论证不准确）
Negative Points
of a Poor Review
返回
Research Information
文献综述
1) Choose something familiar to review.
（选择熟悉题材）
2) Distinguish different review types.
（区分评述类别）
3) Adopt an appropriate perspective.
（选准切入角度）
4) Stress innovation and uniqueness.
（突出新颖之点）
Attentions to a Review
Research Information
文献综述
5) Avoid shallow completeness.
（避免面面俱到）
6) Pay attention to formalities.
（注意格式要求）
7) Mind your language usage.
（注意语言规范）
8) Develop your independent potential.
（培养个人特色）
Attentions to a Review
返回
Research Information
LOGO
Sentence Patterns for a Review
Review 1
Review 2
Review 3
3)
Important
monographs
and
collections
In
order
toresources
have a more
complete
Some
initial
I want
to
use in my
such
as….
picture
about
theinclude:
issues I have examined,
literature
review
4) Some dissertations and influential
I 1)
decide
first to do
a state-of-the-art
type
International
academic
journals such
works
like….
as….
of
and then
see
what
5) study(综述性研究),
Useful on-line databases
and
services
2) National
journals
such
as…. academic
has
happened
in this area
over such
the as….
6) Other available
information
past5/10/20/30/
or more
years. resources
such as….
Research Information
LOGO
Sentence Patterns for a Review
Tenses
The tense of the literature review is the
present tense.
Detai
ls
返回
Research Information
研究焦点
At the present stage of my research, I select the
following relationships and factors as the potential
research focuses for me to concentrate on in my
further study of the issues identified so far:
Research Focuses
返回
Research Information
存在问题
Based on the results of some initial reading and
personal reflection, I find that there exist some
problems that have not received a appropriate
treatment in this field. My further study proves
that some major problems which merit
exploration many include the challenging issues
listed as follows:
Existing Problems
Proposal Report
Research Information
存在问题/研究重点
I choose some symbols to analyze this paper.
This thesis will provide an intensive study on
symbolism in three aspects, objects, colors and
characters.
Existing Problems/Focuses
返回
Topic Selection
选题研究
A. It will enhance the quality of your research.
B. It will save your time and energy.
C. It will make your research behavior more
predictable and manipulative (controlling).
D. It will develop your research potential to an
extreme extent, without overworking you
at the same time.
A Wise Choice of a Topic
返回
Topic Selection
选题研究
1) Begin with any of your ideas.
2) Narrow down the scope of your study.
3) Highlight a most promising focus by setting
up different relationships among the issues you
are examing.
How to Choose a Topic
Topic Selection
选题研究
(1) topic selection;
(2) scope delimiting;
(3)focus highlighting (importance).
How to Choose a Topic
返回
Topic Selection
选题研究
1. On Maggie’s Character in The Mill on the Floss
《弗洛似河上的磨坊》中玛姬的性格
2. An Analysis of Language Features in Tess
析《苔丝》的语言特色
3. On Symbolism in Silas Marner
析《织工马南》中的象征意义
4. A Study of the Realism in The Sound and the
Fury 论《喧嚣与骚动》中的现实主义
Comments on Students’ Topics
Topic Selection
选题研究
5. A Journey of Outward and Inward Exploration
—A Brief Analysis of Walden
副标题不具体.
心灵探索之旅---析《沃尔登》
6. On the Stream of Consciousness in The Sound
and the Fury 论《喧嚣与骚动》的意识流特征
Comments on Students’ Topics
有难度
Topic Selection
选题研究
7. Views of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice
Easy
《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观
!
8. An Analysis of Social Status and Moral Values
in The Great Expectations
Good!
论《远大前程》中的社会地位及道德观
9. The Psychological Course of Mrs. Lamasay in
To the Lighthouse
Difficult!
《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人的心路历程
Comments on Students’ Topics
Topic Selection
选题研究
10. Giving Feedback in Primary School English
Classes 小学英语课堂中的教学反馈
11. The Application of the Schema Theory in
Senior High School English Reading
图式理论在高中英语阅读中的应用
12. An Analysis on the Teachers’ Eliciting
Strategies in the Chinese EFL Class
加范围
英语课堂上教师诱导策略
Comments on Students’ Topics
Topic Selection
选题研究
13. Chinese-English Advertising Translation in the
Functionalist Perspective
从功能翻译理论分析汉英广告翻译
14.The Handling of Cultural Elements in the
Translation of Tourism Materials
旅游资料翻译中文化因素的处理
14. 从隐喻研究《哦，船长，我的船长》
Comments on Students’ Topics 1.诗歌的名用引号
2.能否写5500字？
Topic Selection
大写
选题研究
1. On cultural differences in translation of Chinese
and English Idioms 论英汉习语翻译中的文化差异
2. The Functions of the Description of the Natural
Environment in Tess of the D‘Urbervilles
谈小说《苔丝》中自然环境描写的作用
斜体
3. On The Social Conception of American Dream
论美国梦的社会含义
小写
Comments on Students’ Topics
返回
Assignments
 Perfect your thesis
proposal, and have a
discussion with your
teacher.
The End
Thanks for your attention.
Goodbye.