Module 1 Happiness.
Unit 1
What is beauty?
Grammar
Inversion
Aims and Purposes:
• Learn and master some grammatical rules of
inversion
• Help students to make a summary of all kinds
of inversion
• Be able to do some exercises related
to inversion
Inversion
(倒装)
Inversion is the changing of the order of
the words in the sentence.
When we use inversion, we put the
predicate or part of it before the subject.
Complete inversion
完全倒装：
完全倒装是指把整个谓语部分放在主语前面。
完全倒装通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去
时。
1）
当状语here, there, now, then （主
语是名词）和表示位置转移的副词如up,
down, in, out, off, on, away 位于句首时，
句子的谓语放在主语的前面，即完全倒装。
但当主语为人称代词时，不倒装。
• 如，
•
Here comes the bus.
•
Here he comes.
•
Out rushed the children.
2) 当表示地点的状语放在句首时，主谓完
全倒装。（主语是名词）
• 如，On the wall hangs a picture.
• 该句型为：地点状语+ be / lie / stand /
sit / live / come / go / rise /等不及物动
词+ 主语
• On the ground lay a peasant boy.
3) 完全倒装还用于句型there + live / lie /
stand / stand / exist / remain / be
/seem to be /
• happen to be / used to be / ought to
be / must be / can’t be…+ 主语
• 如，There stands a tall tree in front of
the classroom.
• 4) 表+主+定语从句
• Gone are the days when we Chinese
used the foreign oil.
• 5). 用于某些表示祝愿的句子
• Long live sb!(=May sb live long!)
• May you succeed.
• 6). Such was Einstein, a famous but
simple man.
• 7). 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒
装句
• Next to this one is another grand hotel
which is beautifully decorated.
Complete inversion
• We can use complete inversion when a
sentence begins with an adverbial
expression of place or direction.
Work in pairs. Look at pictures and
explain them to your partner using
inversion Follow the example.
S1: What is the bag?
S2: In the bag are some black
pens.
S1: What are in front of the girl?
S2: In front of her are some
lighted candles.
S1: What are along the river?
S2: Along the river are houses.
S1: What is on the table?
S2: On the table is a cup.
S1: What is beyond that mountain?
S2: Beyond that mountain is a
village.
Arrange these words to make full
sentences using complete inversion.
1. Sat / very / a / chair / man / on / fat /
was / the
On the chair sat a very fat man.
2. Uniforms / students / road / wearing /
some / along / bright / the / came
Along the road came some
students wearing bright
uniforms.
3. Big / table / piece / chocolate / is /
on /a / the / of
On the big table is a piece of
chocolate.
4. tree / car / red / a / under /
beautiful / the / was
Under the tree was a
beautiful red car.
5. your / there / brother / goes
There goes your brother.
6. salon / sat / hair / in / old / the / with /
woman / hairdressing / white / an
In the hairdressing salon
sat an old woman with
white hair.
Partial inversion
部分倒装:
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或者
情态动词移至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有
助动词，则需添加助动词do, does, did, 并将其
置于主语之前。
1）so, neither, nor 位于句首作替代词，表
示与上文提到的情况一样或者不同时，引起
部分倒装，分别表示
So：也一样
Neither/Nor: 也不
如，a) Alice was able to swim across the
English Channel at the age of sixteen.
---So was Jack.
b) Henry couldn’t afford to buy a new house.
----Neither/ Nor could his brother.
c) Did you enjoy the trip?
--- I’m afraid not. Neither did my classmates.
d) Mrs Black is patient and seldom loses her
temper.
---So it is with his husband.
注意：
当 so 引出的句子表示对上文 内容的证实
或者肯定，即含义为“确实如此”，不可
以用倒装，必须用正常语序。
Mary sings beautifully.
---- So she does.
----So does Jane.
2) 含有否定意义的一些副词，如hardly, scarcely,
seldom, little, rarely, never, not / no / neither /
nor/ few / nowhere /in vain（徒 劳) 等位于句首时，
引起部分倒装。
还有一些表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首时，句
子也要求用倒装结构，常见的这类介词短语都还有
“no”, 如，at no time, in no case, by no means,
in no way, under/ in no circumstance 等。
in no way/case =on no occasion
=by no means=on no account
=in / under no circumstances(决不）
如，a) Under no circumstances shall I change my
attitude towards beauty.
无论如何我都不会改变自己对美的态度。
b) At no time and in no circumstances should the
fire doors of the building ever be locked.
无论什么时候，什么情况下，建筑物的消防通道们都不
能锁上。
c) Not a single mistake did I make.
d) In vain(无结果的，徒然) did I try to change his
mind.
e) Seldom does she show her feelings, even when she
is said.
f) Not only did he work faster, but also he worked
better.
3) 含 not until 的强调句，如果not until位
于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从
复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。
如， a) Not until all the fish died in the
river did the residents realize how
serious the water pollution was.
b) Not until then did he come to
realize how serious the situation was.
c) Not until it was dark, did we arrive at
the village.
4) 在“一… 就 …”, “刚刚….就“ 句型中， 表示
一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。
如，a) No sooner had we assembled than
the ceremony began.
=Hardly … … when….
=Scarcely … …
when…
=Rarely … …
when…
b) No sooner had I fallen asleep than I
heard a knock at the door.
c) Scarcely had it grown dark when she
realized it was too late to go to the
cinema.
5) only 放在句首，修饰副词， 介词或者庄于从句时，
常引起后面句子部分倒装，only+状语(副词，介短，
状从）
Only then was I conscious of my mistake.
Only when you are 18, can you enjoy the civil
rights.
Only with hard work can you learn English well.
Only then did she learn about the truth of his
leaving the position..
Only修饰主语时不要求倒装。
Only I can finish this task.
Only he knows the truth.
6).so, such 等表示程度的副词位于句首
So hard did he work that he achieved his aim.
Such a hard-working student was he that he
achieved his aim.
7). 用于省略If的虚拟条件句，将 were, had,
should提前
If it should rain tomorrow, I should stay
indoors
= Should it rain tomorrow,
Had you not told me about the matter, I should
never have known the whole thing.
8) 用于让步状语从句 as=though, 虽然， 表状提前，
表语是名词时，零冠词
Abstract as the theory is, I’ve understood it.
Child though he is, he masters science.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
9). Sometimes, often, well, many a time, to
such a degree, now and then 位于句首时
Well do I remember my childhood now.
Many a time did they hold such an activity last
year.
10). 特殊结构的让步状语从句，
Be 或者动词原形位于句首，相当于让步状语从句
be + 主语+ ever so +adj 无论怎样
如，Be a man ever so clever, he knows nothing
if he doesn’t learn.
无论一个人有多聪明， 不学习就什么都不知道。
be + 主语+A or B 无论是A 还是B
Be he friend or enemy, the law regarded him
as a criminal.
动词+wh--+will/ may 无论
Come what may, we must remain optimistic.
= Whatever may come, we must remain
optimistic.
Partial inversion
So do I.
So do I .
Partial inversion used in short replies
When we agree with statements other
people have made, we can use a short
reply beginning with so after a positive
statement, and neither or nor after a
negative statement.
• When we want to agree, we
must use the same inverted
verb.
Work in pairs:
I want to go shopping.
So do I
I will go shopping.
So will I
I didn’t go shopping yesterday
Neither / Nor did I.
I can not go shopping today.
Neither / Nor can I
I am too tired to go shopping
So am I.
I have a new coat.
So do / have I
I’ve never been shopping.
Neither / Nor have I.
Partial inversion used in short replies.
 After a positive statement:
So +助动词/情态动词 + 主语
 After a negative statement
Neither / Nor +助动词 /
情态动词 + 主语
Work in groups of three: (p. 6)
S1should read the question;
S2 should answer it.
S3 must agree with S2 using so, neither or
nor.
Follow the example:
S1: Do you like to play sports? (Yes)
S2: Yes, I do.
S3: So do I.
Partial inversion in long sentences.
1. When the sentence begins with a negative
word or a negative phrase such as neither /
nor / never / not / seldom / hardly / rarely / at
no time etc.
Read the following and pay
attention to the order of the verbs.
Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like
them.
Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures.
Not a word did he say about his visit to the art
museum.
Seldom does he paint now.
Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to
snow.
At no time during the tour was I bored.
2. When the sentence begins with
only, which modifies the adverbials.
Only when Mr Baker returns this
afternoon will the meeting began.
Only on such a trip can you learn as
much as about Europeans artists.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
3. When the sentence begins with so;
So fast does the light travel that it is
difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So sudden was the attack that the
people in the building had no time to
escape.
So crowded was the art gallery that I
could hardly move about.
Transform the sentences using the
words in brackets (p.7)
1.I have seen a handsome man. (seldom /
such)
Seldom have I seen such
a handsome man.
2. We think about what beauty really means.
(rarely)
Rarely did we think about
what beauty really means.
3. She noticed that she was getting fat
(only yesterday)
Only yesterday did she notice
she was getting fat.
4. I go to the gym. (rarely)
Rarely do I go to the gym.
5. I have heard a beautiful song. (never /
such)
Never have I heard such a
beautiful song.
6. They understood what the teacher meant.
(only then)
Only then did they understand
what the teacher meant.
Exercises
倒装句练习
一、从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以
填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. I will never know what was on his mind
B
at the time, _________
will anyone else.
A. either B. neither
C. so
D. as
2. Alice never does any reading in the
D
evening, ________.
A. so does John
B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too
D. nor does John
B
3. Never in my wildest dreams _________
these
people are living in such poor conditions.
A. I could imagine
B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine
D. couldn’t I imagine
D
4. Little _________
that we were watching his
every move, so he seemed to be going his own
way in this business.
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
A
5. So busy ___________
he has no time to
spare.
A. is the dentist that
B. the dentist is that
C. has the dentist that
D. the dentist has that
C
6. Hardly _________
got to the airport ______
the plane took off.
A. they had; than
B. had they; than
C. had they; when
D. did they; when
B
7. Seldom _____________
any mistakes
during my past few years of working here.
A. would I make
B. did I make
C. I did make
D. shall I make
8. I failed in the final examination last term
D
and only then _____________
the
importance of studies.
A. I realized
B. I had realized
C. had I realized D. did I realize
9. —I will never come to this restaurant
again. The food is terrible!
B
—___________.
A. Nor am I
B. Neither will I
C. Same with me D. So do I
A
10. Down the river _________.
A. flowed a small boat
B. a small boat flowed
C. did a small boat flow
D. a small boat did flow
二、根据汉语，用倒装完成英语句子。
1. 我非常喜欢看电视，她也是如此。
I like watching TV very much.
So does she
______________________________.
2. 我认为这几乎是不可能的。
Hardly
did I think it possible
____________________________________
.
3. 当我们到达那儿时，一个吓人的声音从山谷传
来。
From the valley came a frightening sound
______________________________________
when we got there.
4. 我们刚爬山就下起雪来了。
Hardly had we begun the climb
______________________________________
when the snow start to come down.
5. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
By the window sat a young man
_______________________________
with a
magazine in his hand.
链接高考
A be
1._____ you eat the correct foods ______
able to keep fit and stay healthy. （08 江苏
卷）
A. Only if; will you
B. Only if; you will
C. Unless; will you
D. Unless; you will
2. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the
report by Jason, and ______.
（08 辽宁卷）
B
A. I was neither B. neither was I
C. I was either
D. either was I
3. Not until the motorbike looked almost new
B
_________
repairing and cleaning it. （08 陕
西卷）
A. he stopped
B. did he stop
C. stopped he
D. he did stop
D
4. Only when I left my parents for Italy __
how much I loved them.(08 重庆卷)
A. I realized
B. I had realized
C. had I realized
D. did I realize
C that most visitors
5. So much of interest ___
simply run out of time before seeing it all.
(08 上海卷)
A. offers Beijing
B. Beijing offers
C. does Beijing offer D. Beijing does offer
Homework
Have an
intensive
review on
“Inversion”
yourself, and
give a
summary on it.