Chapter 8 Present Tense Notes
Nomen: ______________________________
Review
 What is the fancy name for the second principal part of a verb?

What two letters does the second principal part almost always end in?

How is it translated?

Looking at the second principal part tells us what conjugation a verb belongs to. What is a
conjugation?

What do the four conjugations look like?
o 1st
o 2nd
o 3rd
o 3rd -io
o 4th
Present Tense Notes
Translations
Stem
Endings and Subject Pronouns
Singular
Form
Plural
Translation
Form
Translation
person
person
person
Example: amo, amare - to love
Singular
Form
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
Plural
Translation
Form
Translation
porto, portare - to carry
Conjugation: ______________
Singular
Form
Plural
Translation
Form
Translation
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
teneo, tenēre - to hold
Conjugation: ______________
Singular
Form
Plural
Translation
Form
Translation
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
IRREGULAR VERBS
 Irregular verbs DO NOT follow the pattern we just learned.
 There are six in Latin, but we’ll start with the most common one.
 Since they don’t follow the pattern, YOU JUST HAVE TO MEMORIZE THIS CHART.
sum, esse – to be
Singular
Form
Plural
Translation
Form
Translation
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
I. Translate the following verbs. Provide all three possible translations of the present tense.
1. portamus
2. sedes
3. sunt
4. saluto
5. clamatis
6. terretis
7. timeo
8. es
III. Translate the following into Latin. In parentheses, I have given you the principal parts you need to form
the verb. They are NOT answer choices.
1. I shout (clamo, clamare)
2. He is (sum, esse)
3. Y’all are afraid (timeo, timēre)
4. They carry (porto, portare)
5. We are (sum, esse)
6. You are wandering (erro, errare)
7. She does teach (doceo, docēre)
8. We reply (respondeo, respondēre
Exercise 8b
Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the subject of the verbs. Underline all vocative nouns.
1. NARRATOR: Sextus est laetus.
MARCUS: Tu es laetus, Sexte. Cur?
SEXTUS: Ego sum laetus quod Romam ire volo.
2. NARRATOR: Servi sunt defessi.
MARCUS: Vos estis defessi, servi. Cur?
SERVI: Defessi sumus quod strenue laboramus.
3. NARRATOR: Cornelius epistulas legit.
AURELIA: Quid legis, Corneli?
CORNELIUS: Epistulas lego.
4. NARRATOR: Marcus ramum arripit.
SEXTUS: Quid arripis, Marce?
MARCUS: Ramum arripio.
5. NARRATOR: Cornelia ridet.
FLAVIA: Cur rides, Cornelia?
CORNELIA: Rideo quod laeta sum.
6. NARRATOR: Senatores ad urbem redeunt.
AURELIA: Cur ad urbem reditis, senatores?
SENATORES: Redimus quod princeps nos consulere vult.
7. NARRATOR: Pueri lupum non timent.
PUELLAE: Cur lupum non timetis, pueri?
PUERI: Lupum non timemus quod temerarii sumus.
8. NARRATOR: Puellae clamant, “Ferte auxilium!”
PUERI: Cur vos clamatis “Ferte auxilium!”?
PUELLAE: Nos clamamus “Ferte auxilium!” quod lupum conspicimus.