-OXIDATION
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Long chain acylCoA
dehydrogenase:
removes two
hydrogens by the
reduction of FAD to
FADH2 converting the
single C C bond to a
double C C bond.
The FADH2 reacts with
the Respiratory Chain
allowing oxidative
phosphorylation to
generate ATP.
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•Hydration: H and
OH of water is added
across the double
bond formed by the
removal (above) of
two hydrogens to
FADH2.
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Dehydrogenation #2 : here
again two hydrogens are
removed and added to NAD+
to form H+ and NADH which
reacts with the Respiratory
Chain allowing oxidative
phosphorylation to generate
ATP.
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•Thiolysis: Coenzyme A
(SCoA) cleaves the fatty
acyl-CoA between the beta
and alpha carbons, splitting
the two-carbon acetyl-CoA
and the fatty acyl-CoA
shorted by two carbons.
courses.cm.utexas.edu/.../FinalReview.html
www.steve.gb.com/science/molecules.html
www-medlib.med.utah.edu/NetBiochem/tabletit.htm
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Example: oxidation of 16 C fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA
Palmitoyl-CoA + 7 CoASH + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H2O
—> 8 AcetylCoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+
Overall reaction, along with downstream oxidation of acetyl-CoA in TCA cycle:
Acetyl-CoA + 2 O2 + 10 Pi + 10 ADP —> CoA + 10 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 CO2
16 C palmitate fatty acyl-CoA requires 7 turns of the fatty acid spiral to
produce:
8 Acetyl-CoA x 12
= 96 ATP (3NADH + 1FADH2 + 1 GTP = 9 + 2 =12)
7 NADH x 3
= 21 ATP
7 FADH2 x 2
= 14 ATP
131
= 131 ATP - 2 (activation) = Net 129 ATP
Standard free energy change for oxidation of palmitate to CO2 + H2O = 9800
kJ/mol
ATP x 30.5 kJ/mol
Figure this out……..
• The net result of the oxidation of one mole
of oleic acid (an 18-carbon fatty acid) will
be 146 moles of ATP (2 mole equivalents
are used during the activation of the fatty
acid), as compared with 114 moles from
an equivalent number of glucose carbon
atoms.
Calculate the total ATP produced from the complete metabolism of stearic acid,
CH3(CH2)16COOH
Follow steps below.
a. Calculate number of acetyl CoA.
b. Calculate number of turns for the fatty acid spiral and citric acid cycle.
c. Calculate ATP per turn of the fatty acid spiral if FAD and NAD+ enter the ETC
d. Calculate the total ATP for the fatty acid spiral.
e. Calculate the total ATP per turn of the citric acid cycle using a diagram of the cycle.
f. Calculate the total ATP from the citric acid cycle
g. Calculate the grand total of ATP