Brief outline for Monday 8 October 2007:
Chaos and Order: Idealized Landscapes and Realized Communities
1. Comparisons of colonization efforts at Massachussetts Bay and at
Chesapeake Bay, 1620s-1640s
goals and methods
settlement patterns
gender roles and priorities
idealized vs. experienced landscapes
role of the “other” in shaping identities
Religious authority and landscapes of order
2. Discussion of interactions among New France, New Netherlands, New
England, and Indian allies, 1640s-1700.
3. Preparations for Roundtable #1 (expectations/responsibilities)
Before Next Meeting (Wednesday)
• Bring the Salisbury text to class on
Wednesday
• Carefully Review Salisbury, pp. 1-55
• skim-read Salisbury, pp. 62-112
• Read more carefully in Salisbury, pp. 115-149
• Review discussion questions in Salisbury, 172
Comparisons of Jamestown with other European outposts
•
Why would someone go to Virginia colony in 1607-1622
period? After 1622?
•
When and why was the “headright” system imposed? What
was it?
•
How did indentured servitude affect the kind of person
recruited to Virginia after 1622?
•
How did family life and settlement patterns in Virginia differ
from New England?
•
How did settlement patterns relate to religious authority and
community origins? (Kenneth Lockeridge, A New England
Town: The First 100 years)
•
•
•
•
•
How does an indentured servant differ from a
“slave”?
When and why was slavery introduced in
Virginia?
When and why was the Virginia House of
Burgesses established?
How did the indentured servant system affect
relations with Indian groups in Virginia?
Opechancanogh uprising?
How did other New England colonies address
labor needs? New France? New Netherlands?
–
–
Fur trade & other commerce?
Farming and basic food resources?
Location and relation of eastern
colonies in North America, ca.
1660s:
•New France
•New Netherlands
•New England
•Chesapeake plantations
•Spanish Floridas (St.
Augustine, est. 1565)
Not shown?
•Northwestern New Spain
•Caribbean islands
•Central & South America
Iroquois alliances and pressure on Western Indians, 1640-1700
1. “Longhouse Confederation” of the
Five Nations: Seneca, Cayuga,
Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk
2. Warfare with Huron (1649), Neutrals
(1651), Eries (1657),
Susquehannocks (1669), and
others….
3. Expansion into Algonquian
territories (of Ottawa, Foxes, Sauks,
Kickapoos, Miamis, and Illinois) of
the Ohio River valleys
Fr. Claude Chauchetière, Blessed Kateri
Tekakwitha (at Khanawahke, c. 1670)
4. Forcible re-population of the interior
Great Lakes area
(Wisconsin/Michigan region) with
refugees from the Iroquois expansion
after 1680
• Legacies of the Pequot “War”, 1637-1640
• Transformation of the “Middle Ground”, 1630s-1670s
–
–
–
–
–
Resource extraction and commercial transformation
Mobilization and militarization
Growth of the Iroquois Confederation
Population flight and refugee settlements around Lake Michigan
Iroquois vs. Huron examples of Native adaptation
• Gender Roles among Iroquois peoples vs. Puritans & Catholics
• Implications of Catholic Iroquois towns like Khanawahke
• Impact on non-Iroquois peoples in the New England region
– Metacom and the people of inland Massachussetts (Wampanoag)
– Earlier experiences of the Narraganssett and Pequot among the Puritans
• William Penn’s colony (ca. 1680s) and Susquehanna
Metacom and “King
Phillip’s War”, 1675
• Crisis decade of 1675-1680s:
–
–
–
–
Metacom’s War (1675)
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Iroquois campaigns (1670s-1680s)
• What accounts for the surge of popular unrest
in this decade, continent-wide?
• What was the legacy of this decade of popular
unrest for subsequent colonial initiatives
– how did imperial authorities respond? (King
William’s War of 1689-1697?)
– How did Native American peoples adjust?
– How did colonial expectations change?
Before Next Meeting (Wednesday)
• Bring the Salisbury text to class on
Wednesday
• Carefully Review Salisbury, pp. 1-55
• skim-read Salisbury, pp. 62-112
• Read more carefully in Salisbury, pp. 115-149
• Review discussion questions in Salisbury, 172
Claude Chauchetière, Blessed Kateri
Tekakwitha
Photo by Anne M. Scheuerman, Pittsford,
New York.
This image depicts Kateri Tekakwitha.
Kateri's mother, an Algonquin Christian
convert, was captured by the Iroquois
and then married a Mohawk chief. When
Kateri arrived in the Jesuit mission of
Caughnawaga near Montreal in 1677,
she was already a convert. After her
death in 1680, she became associated
with miracles and healing (she was
beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1980).
Everything historians know about Kateri
is filtered through Jesuit missionaries who
portrayed her as evidence of their
success with Native Americans. This
portrait was painted after her death by
Father Claude Chauchetière, a Jesuit
who knew her well.
Joseph Capen House
Picture Research Consultants & Archives
This substantial house was built in 1683 for Joseph Capen, a Harvard
graduate who had recently arrived in Topsfield, Massachusetts, to serve as
the local minister. The town granted Capen twelve acres for a homesite, and
he probably paid for the house with the dowry of his new wife, Priscilla
Appleton, the daughter of a wealthy colonist in nearby Ipswich,
Massachusetts.
King Philip
Library of Congress
No portrait of Metacomet, or King Philip, was
made during his lifetime. The artist of this
likeness imagines him as a proud warrior
wrapped in a shawl and armed with a musket.