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Meno žiaka/trieda:
PRACOVNÝ LIST Č.7
HISTORY OF
PHOTOGRAPHY:
3. LOUIS JACQUES MANDE DAGUERRE
Since Niépce's heliography required
impractically long time of exposition, there
was necessity to improve it. Niépce was
using for his heliography ("sun drawing") a
camera obscura and a pewter plate coated
with bitumen. The exposure time was
around 8 hours. Louis Jacques Mande
Daguerre (1787-1851), a French artist and
scenic painter, succeeded in shortening
exposition time. His method of obtaining
permanent images was called
daguerreotype process. Positive images
were produced on silver- coated copper
plates.
A daguerreotype portrait of Louis Jacques
Daguerre by John Jabez Edwin Mayall , 1846.
 What had Daguerre improved in the
process of obtaining permanent
source: http://www.photohistorysussex.co.uk/dagprocess.htm
images?
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 How can we call this process?
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Niépce later discovered that the vapour from iodine while using silver-plated sheets of
copper reacted with silver and produced light sensitive silver iodide. After
correspondence between these two pioneers of photography, Daguerre entered into
partnership with Niépce in 1829.
After Niépce's death in 1833, Daguerre discovered "developing" images with mercury
vapour. Images were ready not in hours but just in twenty to thirty minutes!
The Daguerreotype Process was revealed to the
world at a meeting in Paris in 1839. Daguerre got
high reputation but it was also Niépce's merit.
Of course, this method was later improved. Before
England’s first daguerreotype portrait studio was
opened in London's Regent Street, several scientists
had improved the Daguerrotype process and
reduced exposure times to less than a few minutes.
daguerreotype camera
source: http://www.photohistorysussex.co.uk/dagprocess.htm
.
A daguerrotype portrait in leather case.
source: http://www.photohistorysussex.co.uk/dagprocess.htm
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4. WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT
William Henry Fox Talbot (1800 - 1877) was mathematician, an astronomer and
even archaeologist. He decided to base the prints on paper that had been made light
sensitive instead of bitumen or copper-paper used before.
By accident, he discovered that there was an image on a photographic paper after a
very short exposure. This image was invisible but he found out that he could chemically
develop it into a negative. The discovery of negative is very useful and important
because with negative we can develop any number of positive prints unlike the
Daguerreotypes coming out in just one original. This process is called talbotype or
calotype.
5. COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY
In the beginning, many
photographers used to paint over black
and white photographs by hand.
In 1861 a Scottish scientist James
Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) developed
a first durable colour photograph.
Additive process
Creation of colour photography is
based on the additive theory. This
We can create different colours with
theory confirmed that all colours of
addiction of various amounts of red, green and
light can be mixed optically by
blue light.
combining in different proportions of
red, green, and blue (RGB), the three
source: http://www.luminouslint.com/IaW/public/5/1/2/1/0/20/T/
primary colours of the spectrum.
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How does colour film work?
The three separate sensitised layers of colour film break down colour of an image
into their primary components (RGB). These three dye layers are with developing
process connected together and create appropriate colour image
6. PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM
The first photographic film in rolls was officially introduced in 1883 by George
Eastman (1854 – 1932), the founder of the Eastman Kodak Company. This leader on
the market was famous also for its slogan in advertising "You press the button, we do
the rest". Simplicity sells! Kodak Company made photography available to everyone.
The first photographic film that was dry, transparent, and flexible was invented in 1888
by George Eastman. In Rochester, New York, was a photographic studio where you
could take your Kodak film and buy developed prints.
 remember:
archaeologist
astronomer
by accident
exposure time
light sensitive
silver- coated copper plate
mathematician
vapour
mercury
to get respect for
necessity
to break down
negative
to reduce
primary colours
to shorten
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