theme & variations
minuet & trio, scherzo & trio
Area of study 5 of 5
Form and Structure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Instrumental forms
Classical song forms
Pop song forms
Structures
Classical works
Out of 17 …
1. Instrumental forms: Ground bass. Continuo. Cadenza.
2. Classical forms: Strophic. Through-Composed. Da capo Aria, Cyclic
3. Pop song forms: Middle 8. Verse chorus. 12 bar blues.
4. Structures: Binary. Ternary. Call and Response. Rondo. Arch shape
5. Classical works: Concerto. Sonata. Symphony. Suite
Question – What is Ground Bass?
TASK 1 Learn the bass line below.
TASK 2
Play the U2 song (with or
without you at random points
and play the bass line.
Other ideas which evolve as the piece progresses
Ground Bass
Ground Bass
Ground Bass
Ground Bass
Ground Bass
Ground Bass
Ground Bass
QUESTION Listen to these two excerpts what do they have in common with U2?
Händel - Chaconne mit 21 Variationen G-Dur HWV 435 - 1.39 onwards
Cadenza
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Classical concerto introduced the cadenza, a brilliant dramatic solo passage
where the soloist plays and the orchestra pauses and remains silent.
Usually played towards the end of the first movement
Improvised and based on one or more themes from the first movement
Shows off the skills of the soloist
Often ends on a trill
Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No 1 FULL / Martha Argerich, piano - Charles Dutoit
Spot the candenza – Play from beginning
Mozart Symphony 41 C Major -KV 551 -- 4th Movement Molto
Allegro
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov - Capriccio Espagnol, Op. 34
Spot the candenza – Play from 7.40
Cadenza TASK:
Perform our own cadenza – Whoever the bomb
explodes on will play a cadenza in C major. As
the bomb explodes the music will stop.
Continuo
ONCE this has come up. The instrument that usually does the continuo is a
harpsichord or low instrument like a cello.
Strophic
VERSE 1
VERSE 2
VERSE 3
Different words,
same music
Different words,
same music
Aria
Mozart The Magic Flute Queen of the Night Aria
Da capo
Through
Composed
A
B
A
Elaborating a piece of music by
repetition of a single formal section. In
other words Just verses no choruses.
Same melody different words.
A solo vocal piece with instrumental
accompaniment, as in an opera.
Only the first 2 sections are written
down. The instruction ‘da capo’ at the
end of section B tells the sing to
return to section A.
Non sectional, non repetitive.
Haydn-"Farewell"Symphony No.45-Mov.1/4
Cyclic
Berlioz - Symphonie Fantastique - March To The Scaffold
Multiple sections or movements, in which a theme
or melody, occurs in more than one movement as a
unifying device. Sometimes a theme may occur at
the beginning and end other times a theme occurs
in a different guise in every part
: Middle 8. Verse chorus. 12 bar blues.
Task
http://www.online-stopwatch.com/eggtimer-countdown/full-screen/
Research the following forms / structures. You will need to visually represent each form using the
balloons provided. To help, you may wish to write on the balloon before blowing it up. Each section must
have its own colour, if that section is repeated you must use the same colour. You have 15 minuets to
complete the task. The winning group gets chocolate and a whole merit mark each.
Binary
Form
Ternary
Form
Rondo
Form
Call &
Response
Freddie mercury bit
Arch shape
???
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebit
esize/music/western_tradition/sonata
1.shtml
There are two types of concerto;
1.
A large-scale composition for an orchestra and a soloist or
a group of soloists.
2. A composition for a solo instruments
Concertos have three movements – fast, slow, fast. There are
two types of concerto…
1. Concerto grosso is written for a group of solo
instruments and a larger ensemble / Orchestra.
2. Solo concerto is written for one solo
instrument and orchestra.
Revision.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/music/classicalorchestral/classicalrev6.shtml
Concertos have three movements – fast, slow, fast. There are
two types of concerto…
Talk about Bach harpsichord concerto blah blah
Revision.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/music/classicalorchestral/classicalrev6.shtml
DO ONE OF THESE!!!!! Questions
Gary Moore – Parisienne walkways Intro –
Glissando
Trill
Bach – Fantasia in C minor –
Glissando
Lord of this world – Black Sabbath
Turn
Pitch bend
Acciaccatura
– What ornament is heard in the opening unaccompanied guitar riff?
BrMind blowing slide guitar blues solo
Portamento
Mordent
Acciaccatura
– What ornament can be heard?
Turn
Händel - Chaconne mit 21 Variationen G-Dur HWV 435 - Eberhard Kraus
Glissando
Pitch bend
Which Ornaments can be heard?
Trill
Trill
Portamento
What 2 ornaments can be heard?
Trill
Apoggiatura
Gliss
– What ornament can be heard?
Pitch bend
Acciaccatura
•
•
•
•
This needs sorting big time!!!!!!!
Baroque orchestra – Tomaso Albinoni
Baroque uses ornamentation etc!!
Theme and variation http://www.erikscull.com/portfolio/assets/fl
ash/variationswcopland.html
minuet & trio
A B
Triple time (6/8, 3/4)
‘Classical’ dance
sonata
Exposition (A)
Development (B)
Recapitulation (A1)
ground bass
C
BB
AAA
Repeated ‘ground’
bass line, with
layers added over
the top.
scherzo
arch-shape
theme and variation
A A A A A
An excellent book to prepare you for Unit 1 listening
exam. Priced at £7.95 HIGHLY RECCOMMENDED!
TITLE: GCSE Music Revision guide
Authors: Alan Charlton
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Cheaper options: www.amazon.co.uk
This book covers all aspects of the AQA course from
listening exam prep to composition guidance. Usually
priced around £17. Recommended!!
TITLE: AQA Music
Authors: Andrew S. Coxon & Robert Chapman
Publisher: Nelson Thornes
Publishers link: :http://www.nelsonthornes.com/wps/portal/deeplink?isbn=978-1-4085-0420-8
Cheaper options: www.amazon.co.uk