Roosevelt
and the
New Deal
(19331941)
Section 12.1:
The First New
Deal
(Appleby 422431)
Agenda for Today
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Collect HW
12.1
Presentations
Eleanor Roosevelt
Marian Anderson
Homework
Read 12.1 (422-427) and answer the 3
“Reading Check” questions on 423, 424,
and 427
What traits make a great president in a time of
crisis?
• Intelligence
• Experience
• Expertise
• Compassion
• Charisma
• Which did
Hoover lack?
• What does this
say about the
role of the
media?
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should
be able to:
• Describe FDR’s background in a short paragraph (Was he destined
for greatness?)
• What was the Hundred Days?
• How did FDR deal with the Bank Crisis?
• How did FDR give immediate relief to the needy?
• How did the New Deal relief efforts help to stimulate the economy
and modernize the nation?
• How did the National Recovery Administration (NRA) try to increase
productivity and workers?
• How did the AAA try to help farmers and why were the results so
controversial?
• How did the TVA try to aid in long-term recovery?
• How did FDR try to restore confidence in the stock market and
banks?
• How did FDR make people feel ‘connected’ to the White House?
Who was FDR?
• Sheltered childhood
• Did not seem presidential
– “nice but colorless”
• Eleanor Roosevelt
– Wife showed him settlement
house & NY slums
– “I didn’t know people lived like
that!” FDR
• VP candidate in 1920
• Stricken with polio in 1921
– Lost ability to walk
– Life changing experience
• Governor of NY
• President from 1933-1945 (longest to
ever serve)
FDR Background
Describe FDR’s Inauguration
• March 4, 1933
• 3.5 years into the
Depression
• Americans lacked
faith in country,
capitalism
• Outlined New Deal
plan for economic
recovery
• “We have nothing to
fear but fear itself.”
First Inaugural Address
Eleanor Roosevelt Presentation
(take notes on back of sheet)
Marian Anderson Presentation
What was the Hundred Days?
• Term to describe 1st 3
months of FDR’s
administration marked
by rapid new legislation
• March 9-June 16, 1933
• 15 new laws
– Known as Alphabet
Agencies
• Over 100 created
• Reflects idea that FDR
was experimenter
How did FDR deal with the Bank Crisis?
• 38 state banks had
closed
• Americans stuffed the
mattresses
– Hoarded their money
• FDR declared a ‘bank
holiday’ from 3/5-3/9
• ‘sound’ (healthy) banks
reopened
• ‘unsound’ (unhealthy)
opened after
government aid arrived
• Reassured public began
to deposit $ back in bank
and crisis was over
100 Days
What was the New Deal?
• FDR’s plan for economic
reform
• Numerous new laws &
agencies addressed 3 Rs
• Relief
– Laws to give immediate
help to unemployed
• Recovery
– Laws to stimulate the
economy
• Reform
– laws to help prevent
future economic
disaster
How did FDR give immediate relief to the
needy?
• Federal Emergency Relief
Administration (FERA)
– gave $500 million directly to relief
agencies to give to unemployed
• Critics said rapid distribution of funds
may hurt in long run
• Harry Hopkins
– Dislike dole (government charity)
• Thought it broke down self
esteem
– But said:
• “People don’t eat in the long
run—they have to eat every day.”
How did the New Deal relief efforts help to stimulate
the economy and modernize the nation?
• Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC)
– 100, 000s (18-25 year olds) put
to work on environmental
projects (state, national parks)
– Room/board + $30 per month
• Public Works Administration
(PWA)
– Built schools, dams, sewage,
highways, modernized nation
– stimulated local economies
What was the National Recovery Administration
(NRA) & was it successful?
• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
– ‘asked’ business to set prices, quality
– set maximum work hours, minimum
wages
– Allowed workers to form unions
• Publicity campaign
– Boycott businesses that do not
display the Blue Eagle
• Effect:
– Hurt small companies
• Difficult to meet strict standards
(wage, prices)
– Led to black (Under the table)
markets
• Declared unconstitutional by Supreme
Court
New Deal Programs
How did the AAA try to help farmers recover
and why were the results so controversial?
• Agricultural Adjustment
Administration
– subsidized farmers to
reduce production
• Use less land, less
livestock
– Purpose was to raise
prices-• Controversial
– Tenant farmers kicked off
land
– 1933 farmland/newborn
animals were destroyed to
meet requirements
How did the TVA try to aid in long-term recovery?
• Appalachia = poorest region of US
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
– Built dams in Appalachian region
– Educated farmers on fertilizer, land
use
– Results:
• Generated electricity
• Create ecosystems, lakes for
tourism
• Created jobs
• Hoped to modernize Appalachia
• Critics
– Farmers who lost land
– Businesses saw TVA as unfair
competition
– Government-owned public utilities
viewed as socialism
Play America, The Story of US
Episode from 31:00-35 minutes
How did FDR try to restore confidence in
the stock market and banks?
• Truth-in-Securities Act
– said that co.s who deceived
investors could be sued
• Glass-Steagall Banking Act
– Created Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC)
• insured deposits (savings
account) ($5 thousand)
• Now $250 thousand
– Prohibited banks from
investing savings deposits in
the unpredictable stock
market
• Repealed by GrammLeach-Bliley Act (1999)
How did FDR make people feel
‘connected’ to the White House?
• Fireside Chats– FDR’s frequent radio
addresses that outlined his
policies and reassured public
• Held weekly press conferences
and answered all questions
• Eleanor Roosevelt
– Symbol of Roosevelt’s
empathy, energy to the
downtrodden
– Received hundreds of
thousands of letters each year
FDR and the Media
Eleanor Roosevelt Presentation
Conclusion
• Was the New Deal a liberal or
conservative program?