Bell Ringer
1. Why did the Virginia Company come to
America to colonize?
2. Who helped the settlers survive?
3. What was the most profitable cash crop?
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• Describe the settlement of New England;
include religious reasons, relations with
Native Americans (e.g., King Phillip’s
War), the establishment of town meetings
and development of a legislature, religious
tensions that led to the founding of Rhode
Island, the half-way covenant, Salem
Witch Trials, and the loss of the
Massachusetts charter and the transition
to a royal colony.
Religious Reasons for Settlement in New
England
•The Pilgrims fled to
losing their English
Holland in 1608 from
heritage therefore they
England to avoid religious sailed to America in 1617
persecution, but felt that to start a new life.
their children were
• The Pilgrims landed in
Plymouth and immediately
began setting up housing.
Soon the plague came and
killed all but 50 settlers.
Thankfully, Squanto helped
the settlers learn how to
fish, hunt, and plant crops.
Massachusetts
• Due to increased persecution of
Puritans and a depression in the
wool industry that many Puritans
worked in, they were willing to
leave England to start a new life in
America.
• The Massachusetts Bay Company
received a charter in March 1629
from the King to colonize in
America. John Winthrop, a
stockholder in the Massachusetts
Bay Company and a lawyer,
decided to sail to America and
found Massachusetts as a refuge
for Puritans.
• Boston was named the capital of
Massachusetts.
Town Meetings/Legislature
• Town meetings (political) as well as church services
(religious) often took place at the same local meetinghouse.
• White men who owned a certain amount of property and
were recognized members of a church could attend the town
meetings.
• Officers, collectively called the legislature, were elected once
a year to the council.
• The legislature wrote laws and levied taxes.
Get With a Partner
• Using your book as a guide, complete the map
of the 13 colonies. Label each of the colonies.
Along with the colonies, include the cities of
Jamestown, Salem, Plymouth, Providence, the
Atlantic Ocean, and the Ohio River.
• Maps in book to use as a guide on pages:
– P.65
P. 81
– P. 85
– P. 92
P. 70
– P. 75
P. 107
– P. 76
Bell Ringer, Sept. 4
• What group of people left England for
religious persecution and settled in
Plymouth?
• What group of Indians helped the settlers
of Jamestown survive? What American
Indian helped the Pilgrims survive?
• What differences are there between the
Puritans and the Pilgrims?
Founding of Rhode Island
• Roger Williams was a strict Separatist; he
believed that the Puritan church should
completely separate from the Anglican
church.
• Due to his outspoken beliefs he was
ordered to leave Massachusetts,
therefore he bought his own land from a
Native American tribe and began his own
colony called Providence. In Providence,
the government had no authority in
religious matters. Different religions were
tolerated rather than suppressed.
Founding of Rhode Island, cont.
• Anne Hutchinson was a devout Puritan who
held prayer meetings in her home, but as
people began to believe her more she began
to take advantage of that authority and
started telling her followers that she knew
which ministers had salvation from God and
which didn’t.
• Anne Hutchinson was banished from
Massachusetts on the grounds of heresy
because Hutchinson said that God spoke to
her directly, when Puritan belief says that
God only speaks through the Bible.
• Hutchinson and her followers moved to
Pocasset, later known as Portsmouth.
Founding of Rhode Island, cont.
• Other people were banished from Massachusetts over the
next few years. They also left and moved south. They
founded Newport in 1639 and Warwick in 1643.
• Newport, Warwick, Portsmouth, and Providence joined
together to make Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
where religious freedom and total separation of church and
state was key to the colony’s charter.
Half-way Covenant
• The original Puritans that came to the colonies were full
church members, as they started the beliefs. Their
children were baptized as babies and were supposed to
claim a conversion experience when they were ready to
become full members. Many of these children never did
claim conversion experiences. The church feared its
dwindling numbers, therefore they gave the children or
grandchildren of full members that were baptized partial
membership in the church. These “half” member could
not vote, hold office, or partake in the Lord’s Supper.
• This later became a huge controversy when Great
Awakening preachers like Jonathan Edwards came into
the picture.
• King Philip (English name), Metacom (Wampanoag
name), was the leader of the Wampanoag tribe. The
settlers and the Wampanoag had a peace while the fur
trade was good, but once the business declined and
they didn’t need each other as much anymore trouble
came. Three Wampanoag were executed for murder.
The Warriors retaliated on the town of Swansea, this
fighting became known as King Philip’s War and lasted
from 1675-1678, when Metacom died. The settlers won
and the Natives that survived scattered throughout
New England.
Salem Witch Trials
Another man who was
over eighty years old
was pressed to death
under heavy stones for
refusing to submit to a
trial on witchcraft
charges. Hundreds of
others faced accusations
of witchcraft. Dozens
From June through September of languished in jail for
1692, nineteen men and women, months without
trials. Then, almost as
all having been convicted of
witchcraft [by teenage girls], were soon as it had begun,
carted to Gallows Hill, a barren the hysteria that swept
through Puritan
slope near Salem Village, for
Massachusetts ended.
hanging. http://en.vidivodo.com/205992/salem-witch-trials
Compare and contrast the Jamestown and Plymouth colonies.
Jamestown
Plymouth
Closing
•
•
•
Who are the Puritans that were banished
from Massachusetts and helped to found
Rhode Island?
Which side won King Philip’s War, and
why was it a turning point?
Why did the Pilgrims (Puritans) leave
England and Holland to settle in
Massachusetts?