8.1 HOW ORGANISMS OBTAIN ENERGY
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN:
-the 2 LAWs of THERMODYNAMICS
-the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs
-how ATP works in the cell
READING Qs
1-STATE the LAWS of THERMODYNAMICS in your
own words:
1-energy cannot be created or destroyed
-energy can change forms
2-some energy is not usable, released as heat
READING Qs
2-CIRCLE the name of the organism that makes its
own food.
READING Qs
3-COMPARE the energy usage in anabolic & catabolic
pathways.
catabolic—energy is released
anabolic—energy is used
READING Qs
4-IDENTIFY-circle the step in the pathway where
energy is captured.
READING Qs
5-IDENTIFY-circle the high-energy bond that is broken
when ATP is converted to ADP.
8.1 APPLICATION NOTES
energy-ability to do work
TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY
ANALYZE
-why living things need energy
-to carry out life processes
-how living things get energy
-autotrophs use photosynthesis/SUN to make
their own energy
-heterotrophs consume other living things
TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY
DETERMINE 7 body cell processes
-active transport
-homeostasis
-cell division
-fight infection/foreign material
-digestion
-send messages/nerve cells
-muscle contraction
-transport oxygen
TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY
COMPARE the laws of how energy flows
1st law of thermodynamics—
-energy cannot be created or destroyed
only transformed
-EX: body converts stored energy in food into
chemical energy/mechanical energy
2nd law of thermodynamics—
-some energy becomes unuseable
-EX: food chain
car exhaust
• TRANSFORMATION
of ENERGY
TRANSFORMATION
of ENERGY
SUN
AUTOTROPHS
PLANTS
HETEROTROPHS
ANIMALS
TRANSFORMATION of ENERGY
PASSAGE--The group that makes their own food is group
B-autotrophs
-The group that must eat other organisms for food is group
A-heterotrophs
-Some organisms get their energy from inorganic substances,
such as hydrogen sulfide
chemoautotrophs
METABOLISM
COMPARE/CONTRAST parts of metabolism
ANABOLIC
CATABOLIC
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
uses energy
release energy used
by cells
breaks down
molecules
builds molecules
small  BIG
BIG  small
ATP
ATP—molecule of energy
ATP
provides
“QUICK”
energy
ADP
ADP
ATP
-most abundant “energystoring” molecule in cells
-less abundant “energystoring” molecule in cells
-energy released when bond
broken btwn 2-3 P-group
-changes back to ATP when Pgroup is added
VOC TERMS
1. C-1st law of thermodynamics
2. E-metabolism
3. F-photosynthesis
4. A-energy
5. H-metabolic pathway
6. I-ATP
7. B-thermodynamics
8. J-sunlight
9. G-cellular respiration
10.D-2nd law of thermodynamics
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
PROCESS
---------------------------------REACTANTS
---------------------------------PRODUCTS
---------------------------------CHEMICAL EQUATION
---------------------------------TYPES of ORGANISMS
---------------------------------STAGES
---------------------------------LOCATION in cell
---------------------------------WHAT does it do to
GLUCOSE
---------------------------------WHY is this process
necessary for life
8.1 CELLULAR ENERGY
energy-ability to do work
energy-CANNOT be created or destroyed
energy-CAN be transformed
light  chemical  mechanical  thermal
energy—
SOURCE: SUN
TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY
All living organisms use
The SUN provides all energy for life –
directly or indirectly
-ENERGY: Ability to do work
-THERMODYNAMICS: Study of FLOW/TRANSFORMATION of
energy in universe
HOW CELLS OBTAIN ENERGY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8c5JcnFaJ0
LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
1-LAW of CONSERVATION of ENERGY
-energy can be transformed
-energy is never lost or destroyed
energy converted
2- LAW of USABLE ENERGY–
-some energy releases as HEAT-- thermal
-energy still there but unavailable for use-entropy—measure of UNUSEABLE energy
-example: food chains
ORGANISM’S SOURCE OF ENERGY
HETEROTROPHSOrganisms ingest food
to get energy
--animals
AUTOTROPHSMAKE their own food
--plants/some bacteria
1-photo-autotrophs—convert
light energy from the SUN to
chemical energy
2-chemo-autotrophs—make
food with chemicals
SUN
chemical
energy
AUTOTROPHS
HETEROTROPHS
HETEROTROPHS
chemicalmechanical thermal
-ALL chemical reactions in a cell
CELL’S METABOLISM
-series of chemical reactions:
PRODUCT of one reaction is SUBSTRATE for next reaction
-SUBSTRATE:
-ENZYME:
Reactant to which enzymes bind
protein / speeds up biological reaction
-CATABOLIC:
-CELLULAR RESPIRATION
BREAK DOWN PARTICLES / RELEASE ENERGY
BIG MOLECULES
-ANABOLIC:
small molecules
-PHOTOSYNTHESIS
BUILD BIG MOLECULES
USE ENERGY RELEASED FROM CATABOLIC
small molecules
 BIG MOLECULES
Ecosystem Flow of Energy--CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
“Anabolic” pathway
“Catabolic” pathway
-Light energy from SUN
-molecules broken down converted to chemical
-release energy for use by energy for use by cell
cell
ORGANISMS energy use
HETEROTROPHS
AUTOTROPHS
USE—
-OXYGEN
-GLUCOSE
USE—
-CARBON DIOXIDE
-WATER
-Light energy—SUN
PRODUCE—
-CARBON
DIOXIDE
-WATER
PRODUCE—
-OXYGEN
-GLUCOSE
ENERGY is transferred to other
organisms in the form of food
-In living things chemical energy is stored in
biological molecules
in BONDS
-Is converted to other energy when needed
(mechanical energy for motion)
ATP
ADENOSINE
TRIPHOSPHATE
Most
abundant energy-storing molecule
*found in ALL types of organisms
ATP
ADENINE BASE, RIBOSE SUGAR,
3 PHOSPHATE GROUPS
http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Movie_Clips/07%20Respiration/What%20is%20ATP.wmv
http://www.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Movie_Clips/07%20Respiration/ATP-ADP%20Cycle.wmv
http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html
-energy released
BONDS between 2nd and 3rd phosphate is BROKEN ADP
-ADP / ATP interchanged + / - PHOSPHATE GROUP
-ENERGY REACTIONS IN CELL
ATP
ATP  ADP