Molecular Basis of
Inheritance
Biology 12 REVIEW
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following describes a DNA molecule?
A. Double Helix of glucose sugars and phosphates
B. Ladder-like structure composed of fats and sugars
C. Double chain of nucleotides joined by hydrogen
bonds.
D. A chain of alternating phosphates and nitrogenous
bases.
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following describes a DNA molecule?
A. Double Helix of glucose sugars and phosphates
B. Ladder-like structure composed of fats and sugars
C. Double chain of phosphates, sugars and
nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds.
D. A chain of alternating phosphates and nitrogenous
bases.
Nucleic Acids
If 20% of a base molecule is guanine, how many
thymine molecules are present in a DNA molecule
with 1,000 bases?
A.
B.
C.
D.
200
300
400
600
Nucleic Acids
If 20% of a base molecule is guanine, how many
thymine molecules are present in a DNA molecule
with 1,000 bases?
A.
B.
C.
D.
200
300
400
600
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following base pairs would form
between mRNA and tRNA during protein synthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
adenine -----uracil
uracil ------ guanine
thymine ----- adenine
cytosine ----- thymine
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following base pairs would form
between mRNA and tRNA during protein synthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
adenine -----uracil
uracil ------ guanine
thymine ----- adenine
cytosine ----- thymine
Nucleic Acids
Which is an example of complimentary base pairing
in DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
thymine and uracil
guanine and cytosine
adenine and uracil
cytosine and thymine
Nucleic Acids
Which is an example of complimentary base pairing
in DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
thymine and uracil
guanine and cytosine
adenine and uracil
cytosine and thymine
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is a valid contrast between
RNA and DNA?
RNA
DNA
A.
helical
not helical
B.
sugar is ribose
sugar is deoxyribose
C.
found only in nucleus
found in cytoplasm
D.
thymine is on its bases
uracil is one of its bases
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is a valid contrast between
RNA and DNA?
RNA
DNA
A.
helical
not helical
B.
sugar is ribose
sugar is deoxyribose
C.
found only in nucleus
found in cytoplasm
D.
thymine is on its bases
uracil is one of its bases
Nucleic Acids
The nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA
is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Nucleic Acids
The nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Controls activities in the cytoplasm
Mutate to provide genetic variability
Oxidize sugar molecules for ATP production
Self-replicate copies for new cell generations
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Controls activities in the cytoplasm
Mutate to provide genetic variability
Oxidize sugar molecules for ATP production
Self-replicate copies for new cell generations
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following molecules is a building block
or monomer of RNA?
A.
C.
B.
D.
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following molecules is a building block
or monomer of RNA?
A.
C.
B.
D.
Nucleic Acids
Use the following information to answer this
question.
uracil
adenine
thymine
phosphate
deoxyribose
RNA contains how many of the above molecules?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Nucleic Acids
Use the following information to answer this
question.
uracil
adenine
thymine
phosphate
deoxyribose
RNA contains how many of the above molecules?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Controls activities in the cytoplasm
Mutate to provide genetic variability
Oxidize sugar molecules for ATP production
Self-replicate copies for new cell generations
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Controls activities in the cytoplasm
Mutate to provide genetic variability
Oxidize sugar molecules for ATP production
Self-replicate copies for new cell generations
Nucleic Acids
The molecule represented below is
A.
B.
C.
D.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Nucleic Acids
The molecule represented below is
A.
B.
C.
D.
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Nucleic Acids
In nucleic acids the weak hydrogen bonds between
complementary base pairs involves?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nuclease bonds
Weak hydrogen bonds
Polymerase bonds
Carbon sugar bonds
Nucleic Acids
In nucleic acids the weak hydrogen bonds between
complementary base pairs involves?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nuclease bonds
Weak hydrogen bonds
Polymerase bonds
Carbon sugar bonds
Nucleic Acids
X
W
Which of the following
correctly identifies the
parts labelled W,X,Y
and Z. ?
Y
Z
W
X
Y
Z
A
Adenine
Uracil
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
B
Adenine
Thymine
Phosphate
Ribose
C
Cytosine
Guanine
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
D
Guanine
Cytosine
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Nucleic Acids
X
W
Which of the following
correctly identifies the
parts labelled W,X,Y
and Z. ?
Y
Z
W
X
Y
Z
A
Adenine
Uracil
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
B
Adenine
Thymine
Phosphate
Ribose
C
Cytosine
Guanine
Deoxyribose Phosphate
D
Guanine
Cytosine
Deoxyribose
Phosphate
Nucleic Acids
In a solution of nucleotides made from a ground up
segment of DNA, adenine makes up 33%of the
solution. What percentage of the solution would
guanine make up?
A.
B.
C.
D.
17%
33%
34%
67%
Nucleic Acids
In a solution of nucleotides made from a ground up
segment of DNA, adenine makes up 33%of the
solution. What percentage of the solution would
guanine make up?
A.
B.
C.
D.
17%
33%
34%
67%
Protein Synthesis
Using the segment of mRNA below answer the
following question. AGUCUUGGGCUUUGCCCC
If adenine was deleted how many amino acids
would be coded for in the polypeptide chain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3
4
5
6
7
Protein Synthesis
Using the segment of mRNA below answer the
following question. AGUCUUGGGCUUUGCCCC
If adenine was deleted how many amino acids
would be coded for in the polypeptide chain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3
4
5
6
7
Protein Synthesis
Amylase is synthesized at the?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
RER
SER
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
Protein Synthesis
Amylase is synthesized at the?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
RER
SER
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
In the diagram
below to
answer the
following
question.
Nucleic Acids
Which
statement below
is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 is tRNA, 2 is the mRNA and 3 is rRNA
2 is tRNA, 4 is the rRNA and 5 is mRNA
1 is mRNA, 2 is the tRNA and 3 is rRNA
1 is mRNA, 2 is the rRNA and 3 is tRNA
In the diagram
below to
answer the
following
question.
Nucleic Acids
Which
statement below
is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1 is tRNA, 2 is the mRNA and 3 is rRNA
2 is tRNA, 4 is the rRNA and 5 is mRNA
1 is mRNA, 2 is the tRNA and 3 is rRNA
1 is mRNA, 2 is the rRNA and 5 is tRNA
In the diagram below to
answer the following
question.
Nucleic Acids
What is the amino acid
attached to the tRNA
molecule (3) ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Serine
Valine
Proline
Glycine
Tyrosine
In the diagram below to
answer the following
question.
Nucleic Acids
What is the amino acid
attached to the tRNA
molecule (3) ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Serine
Valine
Proline
Glycine
Tyrosine
Protein Synthesis
The base sequence on a mRNA molecule made from
DNA sequence AGTTATGCG would be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
TCAATACGC
UCUATACGG
UCAAUACGC
UCAUUAUCG
Protein Synthesis
The base sequence on a mRNA molecule made from
DNA sequence AGTTATGCG would be?
A.
B.
C.
D.
TCAATACGCG
UCUATACGGC
UCAAUACGC
UCAUUAUCGC
Protein Synthesis
Use the steps below and identify the correct
sequence of events in protein sythesis?
1. mRNA moves into the cytoplasm
2. tRNA moves amino acids to the ribosome
3. peptide bonds form between amino acids
4. DNA is transcribed
5. ribosomes attach to the mRNA
A.
B.
C.
D.
2,3,1,5,4
4,1,3,2,5
4,1,5,2,3
5,1,2,3,4
Protein Synthesis
Use the steps below and identify the correct
sequence of events in protein sythesis?
1. mRNA moves into the cytoplasm
2. tRNA moves amino acids to the ribosome
3. peptide bonds form between amino acids
4. DNA is transcribed
5. ribosomes attach to the mRNA
A.
B.
C.
D.
2,3,1,5,4
4,1,3,2,5
4,1,5,2,3
5,1,2,3,4
Protein Synthesis
The role of mRNA is?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Form ribosome
Carry amino acids to ribosome
Form the tertiary structure of proteins
Copy genetic code from sequence of DNA
Protein Synthesis
The role of mRNA is?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Form ribosome
Carry amino acids to ribosome
Form the tertiary structure of proteins
Copy genetic code from sequence of DNA
Protein Synthesis
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. mRNA is produced in the nucleus by a process
called translation
B. mRNA is produced at the ribosome by a process
called translation
C. mRNA is produced in the ribosome by a process
called transcription
D. mRNA is produced in the nucleus by a process
called transcription
Protein Synthesis
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. mRNA is produced in the nucleus by a process
called translation
B. mRNA is produced at the ribosome by a process
called translation
C. mRNA is produced in the ribosome by a process
called transcription
D. mRNA is produced in the nucleus by a process
called transcription
Protein Synthesis
The anti codon on tRNA is;
A.
B.
C.
D.
Identical to the codon on mRNA
Complementary to the codon on mRNA
Identical to the triplet codon on rRNA
Complementary to the sequence on DNA
Protein Synthesis
The anti codon on tRNA is;
A.
B.
C.
D.
Identical to the codon on mRNA
Complementary to the codon on mRNA
Identical to the triplet codon on rRNA
Complementary to the sequence on DNA
Protein Synthesis
What type of bond is between two amino acids?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disulphide
Ionic
Hydrogen
Peptide
Protein Synthesis
What type of bond is between two amino acids?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disulphide
Ionic
Hydrogen
Peptide
Protein Synthesis
Which of the following base pairs would occur
between mRNA and tRNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adenine ----- Uracil
Thymine ----- Adenine
Cytosine ------Adenine
Guanine and Uracil
Protein Synthesis
Which of the following base pairs would occur
between mRNA and tRNA?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adenine ----- Uracil
Thymine ----- Adenine
Cytosine ------Adenine
Guanine and Uracil
Protein Synthesis
Which amino acid begins all polypeptide chains?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Valine
Tyrosine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Protein Synthesis
Which amino acid begins all polypeptide chains?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Valine
Tyrosine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Cancer
Disorganized cell growth due to a mutation in the
DNA is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neoplasia
Angiogenesis
Anaplasia
Dysplasis
Cancer
Disorganized cell growth due to a mutation in the
DNA is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neoplasia
Angiogenesis
Anaplasia
Dysplasis
Cancer
A carcinogen is a substance that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Causes cells to become malignant
Stimulates proto-oncogenes and promotes cancer
Transforms proto-oncogenes into oncogenes
Prevents mutations in cells
Cancer
A carcinogen is a substance that
A. Causes cells to become malignant
B. Stimulates proto-oncogenes and promotes
cancer
C. Transforms proto-oncogenes into oncogenes
D. Prevents mutations in cells
Cancer
Which of the following would not necessarily mean
you have cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Persistent cough and pain in chest
Sore that does not heal
Discharge of blood in stools
Headache
Cancer
Which of the following would not necessarily mean
you have cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Persistant cough and pain in chest
Sore that does not heal
Discharge of blood in stools
Headache
Cancer
Which term refers to cells that have broken away
and migrated to other organs in the body/
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neoplasia
Anaplasia
Metastasis
Angiogenesis
Cancer
Which term refers to cells that have broken away
and migrated to other organs in the body/
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neoplasia
Anaplasia
Metastasis
Angiogenesis
Cancer
What are the correct steps in carcinogenesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
oncogene  proto-oncogene  neoplasia  anaplasia  angiogenesis
proto-oncogene  oncogene  anaplasia  neoplasia  angiogenesis
proto-oncogene  oncogene  neoplasia  anaplasia  angiogenesis
oncogene  proto-oncogene  angiogenesisneoplasia  anaplasia
Cancer
What are the correct steps in carcinogenesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
oncogene  proto-oncogene  neoplasia  anaplasia  angiogenesis
proto-oncogene  oncogene  anaplasia  neoplasia  angiogenesis
proto-oncogene  oncogene  neoplasia  anaplasia  angiogenesis
oncogene  proto-oncogene  angiogenesisneoplasia  anaplasia
Cancer
Which cancer is correctly matched with the proper type?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Breast cancer / sarcoma
Liver cancer / carcinoma
Bone cancer / lymphoma
Pancreatic cancer / adenocarcinoma
Cancer
Which cancer is correctly matched with the proper type?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Breast cancer / sarcoma
Liver cancer / carcinoma
Bone cancer / lymphoma
Pancreatic cancer / adenocarcinoma
Short Answers
What term is used to describe the copying of DNA
during cell division?
Short Answers
REPLICATION
Short Answers
Define semi-conservativeness.
Short Answers
Semi-conservativeness is when DNA
replicates the new cells will contain one
strand from the old DNA molecule and
one new one will be formed.
Short Answers
What are two enzymes used during the process of
REPLICATION?
Short Answers
DNA helicase unravels
the DNA while
polymerase is used to
reassemble the new
DNA molecule.
Short Answers
What are the two steps in protein synthesis and
where in the cell do these processes take place?
Short
Answers
TRANSCRIPTION which is the copying
of DNA and the formation of mRNA
takes place in the nucleus.
TRANSLATION is when tRNA, mRNA
come together at the ribosomes (rRNA)
Polypeptides are synthesized at the
ribosomes or polyribosomes.
Short Answers
What do you call a change in the DNA sequence
either by deleting or adding a nitrogen base?
Short Answers
MUTATION
Short Answers
What type of mutation will cause a polypeptide
chain to be incomplete and non-functioning?
Short Answers
NONSENSE MUTATION because a stop
codon or nonsense codon has been
replaced by the normal mRNA codon.
Short Answers
What type of mutation is sickle cell anemia?
Short Answers
It is a MISSENSE mutation because a
different amino acid has been replaced.
Short Answers
What are the three steps in protein synthesis?
Short Answers
1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination
Short Answers
How many different amino acids are there? Name 5
different amino acids.
Short Answers
There are 20 different amino acids.
1. Valine
2. Proline
3. Leucine
4. Isoleucine
5. Methionine
6. Glycine
7. Tyrosine
Short Answers
Name 5 different proteins be specific with protein
and give functions.
Short Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Hemoglobin – transports oxygen
Immunoglobulins – fight infection
Amylase --- digests starch
Adrenalin – speeds up heart rate
Neurotransmitters – dopamine in brain
Actin and myosin – muscle contraction
Keratin – nails, skin and hair
Melanin – skin pigment ,eye and hair colour
Short Answers
Identify 4 differences between normal cells and
cancerous cells.
Short Answers
normal cells
normal nucleus
differentiated
exhibit contact inhibition
normal growth period
cancerous cells
large irregular nucleus
non-differentiated
lack contact inhibition
rapid growth
Short Answers
Name 4 warning signs of cancer and the cancer you
should be aware of
Short Answers
1. Blood in stools / colon cancer
2. Change in mole / skin cancer
3. Lump in breast / breast cancer
4. Dizziness, blurred vision headaches / brain
5. Persistent cough chest pain / lung cancer
6. Difficutly urinating in males / prostate
Short Answers
Name 5 different known causes of cancer.
Short Answers
UV radiation
Gamma rays
X-rays
Asbestos
Benzine
Nitrates
Alcohol
Poor diet
Cigarette smoke