IPS Unit 5 Study Guide
I. Units of measurement
Symbol
name
measurement
M
meter
distance
Kg
kilogram
mass
S
second
time
K
Kelvin
temperature
C
Celsius
Temperature
L
liter
volume
II. Metric prefixes
Giga
G
billion
1,000,000,000
Mega
M
million
1,000,000
Kilo
K
thousand
1,000
Deci
D
tenth
0.1
Centi
C
hundredth
0.01
Milli
M
thousandth
0.001
Micro
µ
millionth
0.000001
Nano
N
billionth
0.000000001
1. How many meters in a gigameter? 1 billion m
2. How many liters in a milliliter? .001 l
3. How many mircometers in a meter? 1,000,000 micrometers
III. Conversions
A. Step one: read problem, “Convert 15Ms into ms.”
B. Step two: Decide whether this conversion needs one step or two.
1. One step conversions involve converting to or from a metric base unit: m, g, s, A, T,
J, cd, N, mols, W
2. Two step conversions involve converting to and from two units with a metric prefix
C. Step three: Write out your equalities
1. 1Ms = 1,000,000s
2. 1ms = .001s or 1000ms = 1s
D. Set up your equation:
15Ms x ––––– x ––––– = ms
E. Place your units in the equation so that they can cross cancel:
1
15Ms 
s
ms

 ms
Ms s
F. Check that units cross cancel. Make sure that units on both sides of the equation are the
same after cross canceling: Ms cancels and m cancels leaving ms on both sides
G. Place numbers in equation according to equalities written in step three.
15Ms 
1,000,000 s 1000ms

 ms
1Ms
1s
H. Solve the math problem
1. if you are multiplying by a number greater than 1 or dividing by a number less than
1 your number should increase.
2. If you are multiplying by a number less than 1 or dividing by a number greater than
1 your number should decrease.
I. Make sure to have correct units
J. Does your answer make sense?
K. Circle your answer = 15,000,000,000ms
Practice
1. Convert 12 cm into meters. .12 m
2. Convert .000345 Mm into m.
345 m
3. Convert 1,277 mL into kL. 0,001277 kL
4. Convert 729,000,000,000 ng into Mg. 0.000729 Mg
IV. Vectors and Scalers
A. Scalers
1. Cannot be negative
2. contains value only
3. examples
a. mass
b. distance
c. speed
B. Vectors
1. contain magnitude and direction
2. can be negative
3. examples
a. displacement
b. velocity
c. acceleration
2
C. Practice: Add the following vectors
1.
20 m
60m
80m
2.
15m
5m
15.8 m
3.
17m/s
18 m/s
35 m
4.
2.0m/s 1.9m/s
.1 m/s
5.
95 km/min
100.6 km/min
3
33 km/min
Motion
D. Frame of Reference
1. Understand why we need a frame of reference
2. The object that is identified as stationary to describe motion.
E. Distance vs. Displacement
1. Distance is length of a path - Scaler
2. Displacement is the length of a line from start to end
a. vector
b. contains distance and direction
F. Speed and Velocity
1. Speed is the rate at which distance changes –scaler
2.
S = d/t
3.
4.
Velocity is the vector of speed
Average vs. instantaneous
a. average is over a given time
b. instantaneous is at a specific time (slope of distance vs. time) graph
5. v=d/t
6. unit = m/s
G. Acceleration
1. The rate at which velocity changes
2. vector
3. unit = m/s2
4. acceleration is the slope of speed vs. time graph
5. a = Δv/t
6. d = 1/2at2
7. gravity has a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s2
8. Free fall is when an object accelerates at 9.8 m/s2
9. Terminal velocity = constant velocity when gravity and wind resistance are equal
E. Practice:
1.
Mia walks 12 m south and turns around and walks directly back. What
distance did Mia walk?
24 m
2.
What was the displacement of Mia’s walk?
0
3.
Mr. Mattern’s pet bird, Wings, leaves his cage at Mr. Mattern’s home and flies
to Costa Rica, then to New Zealand, and returns to Mr. Harris’s house 20 Km
south of Mr. Mattern’s house . What was the displacement of Wing’s journey?
20 km S
4.
What is the difference between a vector and a scalar?
Vector has direction.
4
5.
What are the two components of a vector?
Magnitude and direction
6.
Mr. Saki can average 0.4 m/s for 1000 m up Mt. Whitney. At this average
velocity, what is Mr. Saki’s time for 100 m?
T= 2500s
7.
Emily Leondard wants to run a mile (1609.3 meters) in less than 2 minutes.
What is the minimum speed that Emily would need to run in order to
complete this task?
S=805 m/min
8.
According to Coach Fisher, a good pitcher can hurl a ball at 35 m/s towards the
home plate. If the pitcher is located 13.1 m from home plate, how long will a
batter have to react to a pitch?
T=.37 s
9.
During a 55 minute long run, Mick runs at a speed of 1.22 m/s.
a. How many seconds long is Mick’s run?
3300s
b. In meters, how far did Mick travel during this long run?
D= 4026 m
c. How many miles was Mick’s run? (1 mi. = 1609.3 m.) 2.5 mi
5
10.
A goose named “Goosey” is flying south for the winter. Usually he flies at 10
m/s, but due to the wind he is flying 5 m/s. What is the velocity of the wind?
Draw each vector and show you answer as a vector.
5m/s
11.
A cheetah named “Arrish rM” runs 2 miles south chasing a gazelle in 1.8
minutes. What is the velocity of Arrish rM?
V=1.1 mi/min S
a. How far would Arrish rM run if he ran at that velocity for 30 minutes?
D=33mi
The Middle School Office Acceleration Problems
Mr. Saki rides a horse at 1.8 m/s to the west. He kindly asks the horse to move a little
faster the horse agrees by gradually accelerating to 3.0 m/s over the next 4.0 s. What is
the horse’s acceleration over those 4 seconds?
A= .3 m/s2
Ms. Rossell, upset with the homeroom advisory she had scripted, crumbles up her
written plans and drops them into the trash. Neglecting air resistance, if the plans fell
1.8 m, how long would it take for them to reach the bottom of the trash can?
T= 0.6 s
Mrs. Kabelitz and Mrs. Dresher are debating on whether a student should have an
excused tardy or an unexcused tardy and decide to drag race to solve their problem.
Starting from rest, Mrs. Kabelitz dragster accelerates to 40 m/s in 8s.
a) What is the acceleration of Mrs. Kabelitz Dragster?
A= 5m/s2
6
b) How far will Mrs. Kabelitz Dragster travel during those 8 seconds?
D=160m
c) Should the student receive an unexcused tardy or should their tardy be excused?
Absolutely unexcused
Mr. Armbrister drops a USC shirt into a bottomless pit, hoping to make it disappear
forever. Assuming this bottomless pit is on Earth, how much time will it take the shirt to
reach 60 m/s?
t=6s
Ms. Fox, feeling left out of the previous acceleration problems, decides to walk at a
constant speed for 10 s. After those 10 s, Ms. Fox has covered 15 m. What is Ms. Fox’s
acceleration?
A=0
V. The Labs
A. running lab
1. graph distance vs. time data
2. understand different velocities and different slopes
B. Free fall
1. tennis ball and pendulum
2. calculate gravity
VI. Solving equations
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Draw a picture
identify knowns and unknowns
pick equation
plug and solve
Check units and number (Do they make sense?)
The more work you show the better chance you have of getting partial credit.
7
Reading Graphs
B
A
C
1. What is the speed along the line marked A? 1.6 m/s
2. Is A traveling at a constant speed? yes
3. What is the speed along line B? 0
4. Is C traveling at a constant speed? no
5. What is the instantaneous speed at 15 seconds? 0.33 m/s
6. What does slope have to do with speed when reading this graph?
Slope=speed
7. Which line represents the faster speed? C
8