Notes One Unit Three
Define Chemistry
Physical States of Matter
Properties of Matter
Chemical Reactions
Pages 3-11
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and
the changes it undergoes
Chemistry is……Cooking!
Chemistry is......Forensics
Chemistry Is......Industry
Chemistry is……Art
Chemistry is everything!!!!!!
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There are three states of matter.
What are they?
Solid
Liquid
gas
Three States of Matter????
Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids
solid
gas
liquid
containers
fixed
container shape
shape/volume
volume/shape
not easily
not easily
compressible compressible
does not
flow easily
flows easily
compressible
flows easily
What are chemical Reactions?
A chemical reaction is the process where new
chemicals are made out of old chemicals.
Reactants

Products
HgO(s)Hg(l) + O2(g)
Physical Properties?
Color
Density
Texture Boiling point
Odor
Melting point
Chemical Properties?
Flames? Light?
Bubbles? Solid forms?
A change occurs????
Sodium In Water Demo
Pages 18-19
• Physical properties
• are observed or measured without
changing the Chemical.
• Chemical properties of matter
• describes its "potential" to undergo some
chemical change.
Notes Two Unit Three
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Mass and Volume
Pages 308-317
Density
Weight versus Mass
Atom Versus Element
Atoms, Elements, Molecules
Reading Scales
Mass and Volume
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Density
Amount of matter per unit volume.
Is this a solid, liquid or gas?
Density=Mass/volume
Water: 1.0g/mL.
Aluminum: 2.73g/mL.
Air: 0.001293g/mL
Why is density important?
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Weight versus Mass
Mass and weight are different properties.
Mass is the amount of matter in the body
Weight is a measure of the force of gravitational field.
Which weighs more, a pound of feathers or a pound
of lead?
• Which has more mass?
Mass versus Weight
Atom versus Element
• Each element is made up of one kind of atom.
• Proton number( atomic number) identifies elements
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23
25
21
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Elements in Nature
Color of Elements in Fireworks
Sr, Li
Ca
Fe, C
Na
Mg, Al, Ba
Ma, Cl
Cu
Sr, Cu
Element versus Molecule
Pages 20-24
Reading Scales
• In order to produce reliable
data…density, volume, mass….we
need to be able to read the scales on
measuring devices.
1. Place Water in the Erlenmeyer
flask…Record the reading.
2. Pour the water into the smaller
cylinder…Record the reading.
3. Pour the water to the larger
cylinder…Record the reading.
4. Measure the mass of the piece of metal
using the balance Record the reading.
Pages 56-64
Read Digit(s)
Reading Scales
Estimated Digit
587
59
5
Size of Scales
• Read each scale.
• 0.9
•9
• 90
• 0.0009
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? NO! and Place Holder(s)!
3. Final answer and alternates!
600
500
700
r pp
600
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! No and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
1.0
0.9
1.1
r e
1 .0
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? No! and NO Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
37
38
36
r e
37
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? YES! No Place Holder(s)!
3. Final answer and alternates!
10.
9
11
r e
1 0.
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
0.0016
0.0015
0.0017
p p p r e
0.0 0 1 6
End of Try One
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? NO! and Place Holder(s)!
3. Final answer and alternates!
1.0x10+2
r e p
90
110
100
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
0.0010
0.0009
0.0011
p p p r e
0.0 0 1 0
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
0.013
0.012
0.014
p p r e
0.0 1 6
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
0.08
0.09
0.07
p p e
0.0 8
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
0.008
0.009
0.007
p p p e
0.0 0 8
Notes Three Unit Three
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Quiz Reading Scales/Review Check
The Importance of Measurement
Accuracy and Precision
Scientific Notation
Significant Digit Rules
Addition and Subtraction
Computer Assignment Number Two
Pages 56-64
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? YES! No Place Holder(s)!
3. Final answer and alternates!
100.
99
101
r r e
1 0 0.
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? Yes! and Place Holder(s)
3. Final answer and alternates!
0.10
0.11
0.09
p r e
0.1 0
Reading Scales
1. Evaluate one digit at a time.
2. Decimal? YES! No Place Holder(s)!
3. Final answer and alternates!
10.0
9.9
10.1
r r e
1 0.0
The Importance of Measurement
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Qualitative measurements (OBSERVATIONS)
Quantitative measurements (SCALES)
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red
12.0 g/mol
liquid
2 eggs
1 dozen
4 legs
1.0 g/mL
25 years old
250 pounds
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Qualitative
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Accuracy and Precision
• Accuracy closeness to the actual answer.
• Precision how well measurements compare.
Good Precision
Good Accuracy
Good Precision
Poor Accuracy
Poor Precision
Poor Accuracy
SIGNIFICANT DIGIT RULES
• 1. All non zero digits are significant.
• 2. Any digit, including zero, read or estimated from a scale is
significant.
• 3. Leading zeroes in numbers are never significant: the three
first zeroes in 0.0010 are leading zeroes; therefore, they are
not significant. They are, also, never read or estimated form a
scale. Leading zeroes show place value.
• 4. Trailing zeroes are significant if a decimal is present. The
zeroes in 400.0 and 400. are identified as significant by the
decimal. Leading zeroes cannot be made significant by a
decimal.
• 5. Only significant digits can be expressed in scientific notation
Scientific Notation
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In scientific notation a number is written as a
power of 10.
41200 is…
4.12E+4
4.12x10+4
0.0400 is…
4.00E-2
4.00x10-2
301 is…
3.01E+2
3.01x10+2
0.00560 is…
5.60 E-3
5.60x10-3
Identifying Significant Digits
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400
400
400.
400.
0.001
0.001
2505
2505
2X10-2
2X10-2
0.020
0.020
Identifying Significant Digits
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401
401
404.
404.
0.001001
0.001001
2100
2100
2.00X10-2
2.00X10-2
0.120
0.120
Identifying Significant Digits
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200
200
200.
200.
0.00220
0.00220
2202
2202
2.93X10-2
2.93X10-2
1.000
1.000
Identifying The Estimated Digit
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400
400
400.
400.
0.001
0.001
2505
2505
2X10-2
2X10-2
0.020
0.020
Identifying The Estimated Digit
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401
401
404.
404.
0.001001
0.001001
2100
2100
2.00X10-2
2.00X10-2
0.120
0.120
Identifying The Estimated Digit
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200
200
200.
200.
0.0022
0.0022
2202
2202
2.93X10-2
2.93X10-2
1.000
1.000
+ and – of Sig Dig
1. Identify Estimated Digits.
2. Round all measurements to the left most
Estimated Digit.
Addition and Subtraction Problem #1
100.00
- 2.1
1. ID estimated digit.
100.00
- 2.1
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
100.0
- 2.1
97.9
Addition and Subtraction Problem #2
254.67
24.99
+ 1.0
1. ID estimated digit.
254.67
24.99
+ 1.0
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
254.7
25.0
+ 1.0
280.7
Addition and Subtraction Problem #3
210
81
+10.9
1. ID estimated digit.
210
81
+10.9
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
210
80
+10
300
3.0x10+2
Addition and Subtraction Problem #4
220
- 81
1. ID estimated digit.
220
- 81
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
220
- 80
140
Explanation of SD’s and Add. or Sub.
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Read the two
cylinders:
Add the readings.
ID estimated digits.
Round to left most
Estimated Digit.
Add
Pour 1st into 2nd.
9.0
9.0
+70
70
9.0
+70
10
+70
80
Notes Four Unit Three
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Return Quiz Reading Scales For Corrections
Review Addition and Subtraction of Significant Digits
Quiz Addition and Subtraction of Significant Digits
Explain Multiplication and Division of Significant Digits
Computer Assignment Multiplication and Division of Significant Digits
Pages 56-64
Addition and Subtraction Problem #1
105
- 2.1
1. ID estimated digit.
105
- 2.1
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
105
- 2
103
Addition and Subtraction Problem #2
255
24.98
+ 1.00
1. ID estimated digit.
255
24.98
+ 1.00
2. Round to left most Estimated Digit.
255
25
+ 1
281
X and ÷ of Sig Dig
1. Identify the number significant digits in each value.
2. Do the indicated math operation.
3. Round to the least number of significant digits.
Multiplication and Division Problem #1
25.9 x 2=?
1. ID the SD.
25.9 3 SD
2
1 SD
2. Do the math.
25.9 x 2= 51.8
3. Round to least.
51.8 has 1 SD
50 shows 1 SD
Multiplication and Division Problem #2
0.010 x 325=?
1. ID the SD.
0.010 2 SD
325
3 SD
2. Do the math.
0.010 x 325= 3.25
3. Round to least #.
3.25 has
2 SD
3.3 shows 2 SD
Multiplication and Division Problem #3
1200. / 2.0=?
1. ID the SD.
1200. 4 SD
2.0
2 SD
2. Do the math.
1200. / 2.0= 600
3. Round to least #.
600 has 2 SD
6.0x10+2 shows 2 SD
Multiplication and Division Problem #4
1.0 / 100.0=?
1. ID the SD.
1.0
2 SD
100.0 4 SD
2. Do the math.
1.0 / 100.0= 0.01
3. Round to least #.
0.01 has 2 SD
0.010 shows 2 SD