Making Safe and
Drug-Free Decisions
In your Teen Health textbook, the
“Making Safe & Drug-Free Decisions”
unit is Unit 4 (Pages 266-339)
• Ch 11: Medicines and Drugs
(269-295)
• Ch 12: Tobacco (296-317)
• Ch 13: Alcohol (319-339)
We have other
separate lessons on:
1. ALCOHOL and
2. RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM &
SMOKING
This presentation will focus on
the topic of DRUGS
This slide show will cover:
1) Definitions
2) Classifying Drugs and
Medicines
3) Types of Medicines
4) How Drugs enter the
Body
5) Cycle of Addiction
6) Why People Use Drugs
7) Stimulants
8) Depressants
9) Hallucinogens
10) Narcotics
11) Marijuana (THC)
12) Club Drugs
13) Inhalants
PART 1:
Definitions
What are DRUGS?
• Substances
(other than food)
that change the
structure or
function of the
body or mind
• Mind-altering drugs
• Drugs that affect a
person’s mood or
behavior
• Not all drugs are
mind altering
What is a
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG?
What are MEDICINES?
• Drugs used to treat or prevent
diseases or other conditions
Effects of a
medicine
other than
the one
intended
What are
SIDE EFFECTS?
What is
DRUG USE?
Using a drug
or medicine
for its intended
purpose
• Taking a drug which
results in short-term,
problems
• These problems might
be mild or severe,
depending on the drug
What is
DRUG MISUSE?
What is
DRUG ABUSE?
• Taking a drug
which results in
long-term
problems
• Often permanent,
severe, and fatal
PART 2:
Classifying
Drugs and
Medicines
How are Medicines and
Drugs classified?
1. OVER-THE-COUNTER
2. PRESCRIPTION
3. ILLEGAL
(1) Over-The-Counter Drugs:
• Can be purchased and
taken without a written
order from a doctor
• Examples: Alcohol,
Tobacco, Caffeine,
Aspirin, Tylenol, Rolaids,
Robitussin, Neosporin
The government
requires all over-thecounter drugs contain
information in a
standardized,
consumer-friendly
format. These "Drug
Facts" labels are
similar in format to the
Nutrition Facts label
for foods.
(2) Prescription Drugs:
• Can be sold and taken
only with a written
order from a doctor
• Examples: Insulin,
Valium, Penicillin,
Lipitor, Vicodin, etc.
If you are ever given a
prescription for a drug, make
sure to read the label:
• See page 271 in the Teen
Health textbook about
Prescription Medicine
Labels
• The next slide has a
sample label to examine
(3) Illegal Drugs:
• Not legal to buy,
sell, or use
• Examples: Heroin,
marijuana, cocaine,
methamphetamine,
LSD, PCP, etc.
Illegal drugs …
• Have no labels
• Have no instructions
• Have no safety information
• Have not been inspected by the government
for quality and consistency of dose
• ANSWER:
• YES !!!
QUESTION: Do all 3 of these
categories of drugs have the
potential to be misused or abused?
REMEMBER:
Any drug can be
misused or abused…
even if it is legal or
you have a
prescription!
• ANSWER:
• Over-TheCounter
QUESTION: Which of those three
categories of drugs kills the most
people in the US each year?
REMEMBER:
Tobacco and Alcohol kill over
500,000 people in the US each year!
That’s more than
Heroin, Cocaine,
Meth, LSD, PCP,
Crack, Drownings,
Fires, Motor Vehicle
Accidents, Suicides
and Homicides …
combined !!!
PART 3:
Types of
Medicines
Let’s look at a few types of
medicines (pages 272-273)
• Vaccines
• Antibiotics
• Analgesics
• Anesthetics
(1) Vaccines:
• Vaccines prevent a person
from developing a
communicable disease
• A vaccine is a preparation of
dead or weakened germs that
cause a person’s immune
system to produce antibodies
(1) Vaccines:
• We vaccinate children
against Polio, Diphtheria,
Tetanus, Pertussis, etc.
• How has the invention of
vaccines helped our society
and affected the health of
people all over the world?
(2) Antibiotics:
• Antibiotics reduce or kill harmful
bacteria in the body
• The first antibiotic was penicillin.
• Ampicillin, amoxicillin and
benzylpenicilllin are widely used
today to treat a variety of
infections.
(2) Antibiotics:
• You take antibiotics
when you are currently
sick. (Unlike vaccines,
which you take before
you ever get sick.)
• Both antibiotics and
vaccines are Prescription
Drugs
(3) Analgesics:
• Analgesics are drugs that
relieve pain
• Common O-T-C examples:
– Aspirin
– Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
– Ibuprofen (Advil, Midol)
(3) Analgesics:
• Common Prescription examples:
– Oxycodone
– Tramadol
– Vicodin
• Why and how do people get
addicted to pain relievers?
(4) Anesthetics:
• Drugs that allow doctors to
do surgeries that would
otherwise be too painful
• Can you imagine a having a
cavity filled at the dentist or
having your appendix
removed without anesthesia?
(4) Anesthetics:
• LOCAL anesthetics numb
only a small area of the body.
You are still conscious.
• GENERAL anesthetics numb
your entire body. You are not
conscious.
PART 4:
How Drugs
Enter
The Body
How can drugs enter the body?
1. Ingestion
2. Injection
3. Inhalation
4. Absorption
(1) Ingestion:
•
Pills, capsules,
tablets, or liquids
which are swallowed
•
Absorbed into the
bloodstream in the
esophagus, stomach,
or small intestine
(2) Injection:
•
Needle puts the drug
directly into a vein,
muscle, or skin
•
Fastest way to get a
drug into your
bloodstream
(3) Inhalation:
•
Drug is breathed
in or inhaled
•
Liquid mist or
powder is
absorbed into the
blood through the
sinuses or lungs
(4) Absorption:
•
Ointments are
applied to the skin
•
Drug passes
through the skin
into the
bloodstream
PART 5: Cycle Of
Addiction
• Many drugs, if taken
often enough, can
lead to addiction or
physical dependence
• Addiction often
follows a pattern or
cycle…
Cycle of Addiction:
The Cycle of Addiction
Has Three Parts:
1. TOLERANCE:
3. WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS:
2. ADDICTION:
(Physical Dependence)
1. TOLERANCE:
• Your body
becomes
used to the
effects of a
drug
1. TOLERANCE:
After repeated
doses, it takes
more and more
of the drug to
achieve the
same effect.
2. ADDICTION:
Your body
and mind will
not function
normally
unless the
drug is taken.
2. ADDICTION:
Without the
drug, the user
will suffer
painful
withdrawal
symptoms
3. WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS:
• Physical and
mental
reactions which
occur when an
addict does not
take the drug
3. WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS:
May include nausea,
vomiting, trembling,
seizures, headaches,
hallucinations,
irregular heartbeat,
and even death
In addition to
being hooked
physically, many
users get addicted
mentally and
emotionally, too
Psychological Dependence:
Psychological Dependence:
• This makes it even
more difficult to quit
using drugs
• The user must break
both the physical
and psychological
addiction!
Most young people don’t
fully understand this
when they start
drinking, smoking, or
using other drugs
They think: “I can quit
any time I want!”
CAN THEY?
How can you tell if you are
developing a problem?
Take the
T.W.E.A.K.
test on the
next slide
The T.W.E.A.K. Test
2 - T (tolerance) “How many drinks / how many pills / how
2 1 1
-
1 -
many hits can you hold?” A lot?
W (worried) “Have close friends or relatives worried or
complained about your drinking/drugging in the past year?”
E (eye opener) “Do you sometimes take drugs or a drink in
the morning when you first get up?”
A (amnesia) “Has a friend or family member ever told you
about things you said or did while drinking or drugging
that you could not remember?”
K (cut down) “Do you sometimes feel the need to cut
down on your drinking and drugging?”
3 risky drug/alcohol use
Copyright Alcohol Medical
Scholars Program
PART 6:
Why People
Use Drugs
Answer this question:
Why do people take drugs?
• How many
different
reasons can we
come up with
as a class?
YOUR LIST MAY INCLUDE:
– To rebel against authority
– To deal with pain
– Poor self-esteem
– Stress, anxiety
– Peer pressure
– To get buff
– To be cool
– Boredom
Why do people take drugs?
Why do people take drugs?
YOUR LIST MAY INCLUDE:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Medical reasons
To get energy and wake up
To relax, wind down
To deal with reality
To escape reality
To have fun
To fit in
Curiosity
Are there reasons
you had on your
list that were not
included in the
slide show?
Why do people take drugs?
Why do people take drugs?
• Except for
“medical reasons”
are any of these
reasons valid or
acceptable?
• Are any of the
reasons OK?
• In other words, can you
“fit in” or “rebel against
authority” or “deal with
stress” without using
drugs and alcohol?
• Do the “Instead of Using
Drugs” worksheet
Why do people take drugs?
The next seven sections of
this lesson deal with various
categories of psychoactive
(mind-altering) drugs
PART 7:
Stimulants
7. Stimulants:
• Substances that speed up the
brain and body activity
• Common examples:
– Caffeine
– Nicotine
– Cocaine , Crack Cocaine
– Amphetamines (Meth)
• CAFFEINE is a mild
stimulant found in
coffee, tea, soda, and
energy drinks
• Too much caffeine can
be a problem. Just ask
Phillip J. Fry
7. Stimulants:
7. Stimulants:
• NICOTINE is a powerful
stimulant found in tobacco
• Tobacco is linked to:
– Heart Disease
– Cancer
– Stroke
– Lung Diseases
• COCAINE is a strong
stimulant made from
the leaves of the South
American coca plant
• Often snorted in
powder form or
smoked or injected
7. Stimulants:
7. Stimulants:
• CRACK is made
from cocaine and is
much stronger
• Usually smoked
through a pipe
• Very addictive and
dangerous
• AMPHETAMINES
are very strong manmade stimulants which
are produced with
various chemicals
• METH (Crystal) is a
special form of
amphetamine
7. Stimulants:
7. Stimulants:
FACES
OF
METH
Stimulant Abuse can
lead to:
 Dizziness/Nausea
 Decreased
Appetite
 Body Tremors
 False Feelings of
Power
 Kidney Problems
7. Stimulants:
7. Stimulants:
Stimulant Abuse can lead to:
 Irregular Heartbeat
 Loss of Coordination
 Psychosis, Brain Damage
 Anxiety, Panic Attacks
 Birth Defects
 Legal Problems, Jail
 Coma/Death
PART 8:
Depressants
8. Depressants:
• Substances that slow down the
brain and body activity
• Common examples:
– Alcohol
– Barbiturates
– Tranquilizers
– Sedative Hypnotics
– Some Club Drugs
• ALCOHOL is the
most widely-used
depressant drug
• Found in beer, wine,
hard liquor, etc.
• Over-the –counter if
over 21 years old
8. Depressants:
8. Depressants:
• ALCOHOL causes many
problems in society:
– Car accidents
– Violence and crime
– Family problems
– Alcoholism
– Liver diseases
– Cancers
• TRANQUILIZERS can
help reduce stress and
relax muscles
• Examples: Valium,
Librium, Xanax
• Never mix with alcohol
• Addictive
8. Depressants:
8. Depressants:
• SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS
are very strong drugs that
bring on sleep
• Examples: Quaaludes,
Ambien, Sonata, Lunestra,
Sominex, Unisom
• Never mix with alcohol
and they are addictive
• BARBITURATES are very
strong depressant drugs used
for several medical reasons
• Examples: Seconal, Nembutal,
Amytal and Tuinal
• Much stronger than hypnotics
and tranquilizers
• NEVER mix with alcohol
8. Depressants:
All depressant abuse risks are similar to
alcohol abuse risks:










Addiction
Job, money problems
Foolish behavior
Poor decisions
Eating, sleeping problems
Accidents, injuries
Overdose
Birth defects
Stop breathing, heartbeat
Coma, death
8. Depressants:
PART 9:
Hallucinogens
9. Hallucinogens:
• Drugs that distort or
alter moods,
thoughts, and senses
• Examples:
– L.S.D.
– P.C.P.
– Mushrooms
– Peyote
• Hallucinogen Effects:
– Five senses may
become intensified or
mixed-up
– Delusions,
– Hallucinations,
– Stimulation,
– Impaired judgment
and reasoning
9. Hallucinogens:
9. Hallucinogens:
• LSD: very powerful
man-made drug
• Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide
• Often sold on blotters
that appear like
postage stamps
• LSD: very strange
unpredictable effects
• Flashbacks: effects of
the drug recur days,
weeks, or months later
• “Trips” can be very
good or very bad
9. Hallucinogens:
9. Hallucinogens:
• PCP: very dangerous
drug known as
“Phencyclidine”
• Called “Angel Dust”
• Often smoked, added
to marijuana, or
made into pills
• PCP: often causes
extreme reactions such
as rage, anger, paranoia
• Numbs the skin, so
people often get hurt on
PCP and do not know it
• Police do not like folks
on PCP
9. Hallucinogens:
9. Hallucinogens:
• MUSHROOMS: certain
types of mushrooms
contain the drug
“psilocybin”
• Not all mushrooms have
this drug
• Many types of mushrooms
are very poisonous
• PEYOTE CACTUS:
contains the drug
“mescaline”
• Several cultures and
religions still consider
this cactus special or
sacred
9. Hallucinogens:
9. Hallucinogens:
Hallucinogen Risks:
– Increased heart rate
or blood pressure,
– Tremors, shaking
– Lose coordination,
– Sleeplessness, coma,
– Incoherent speech,
– Decreased sensitivity
to pain,
Hallucinogen Risks:
– Heart or lung failure,
– Dry mouth,
– Dilated pupils,
– Psychological dependence,
– Flashbacks
– Birth defects
– Coma, Death
9. Hallucinogens:
PART 10:
Narcotics
10. Narcotics:
• Drugs made from the
Opium Poppy Flower
which relieve pain
• Opium is used to make:
–
–
–
–
–
Paregoric
Codeine
Prescription pain medicines
Morphine
Heroin
• All opium-based drugs
are extremely addictive!
• Codeine and Paregoric
prescribed sometimes
• Morphine: Only in
extreme cases of pain
• Heroin: Illegal, almost no
medical uses
10. Narcotics:
10. Narcotics:
• PAREGORIC: is a mild
narcotic used to treat
digestive problems
• Taken by mouth as a
liquid
• Prescription only
• CODEINE: stronger
narcotic pain reliever
• In prescription cough
medicines
• Often combined with
Tylenol or other drugs
in a prescription pill
10. Narcotics:
10. Narcotics:
NARCOTIC PAIN
RELIEVERS which are
often prescribed (and
abused) in pills include:
–
–
–
–
DEMEROL (meperidine)
VICODIN (hydrocodone)
LORTAB (hydrocodone)
PERCOCET (oxycodone)
• MORPHINE: powerful
pain reliever over 10
times stronger than
codeine
• Given to patients after
major surgery or people
with terminal illnesses,
such as cancer
10. Narcotics:
10. Narcotics:
• HEROIN is several
times stronger than
morphine
• Cooked up and usually
injected intravenously
• Not legal, almost no
medical uses
NARCOTICS Risks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dizzy, lose balance
Loss of coordination
Confusion
Sleepy
Itchy skin
Kidney and liver
damage
• Birth defects
10. Narcotics:
NARCOTICS Risks:
•
•
•
•
Pass out
Criminal activity
Collapsed veins
Tolerance, addiction and
withdrawal cycle
• Infections at injection site
• Diseases from sharing
needles
• Overdose, death
10. Narcotics:
PART 11: Marijuana
(THC)
• Comes from the
Cannabis sativa plant
• The flowering leaves of
the plant have an oil or
resin with THC (delta 9tetrahydocannabinol
11. Marijuana (THC)
11. Marijuana (THC)
• THC is the substance in
Marijuana which is
mind-altering
• Marijuana is usually
smoked but can be eaten
• THC can be taken in
pill form
Hash/Hashish Concentrated form
of marijuana made
by compressing
marijuana resins
into small blocks.
11. Marijuana (THC)
11. Marijuana (THC)
• Marijuana use is
illegal
• Marijuana use is
psychologically
addictive
Marijuana is sometimes prescribed to
help patients deal with the pain and
nausea of cancer and other diseases.
11. Marijuana (THC)
11. Marijuana (THC)
MARIJUANA RISKS:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduces memory
Slows reaction time
Poor coordination
Impaired judgment
Reduced ambition
Panic attacks
Lung and heart damage
MARIJUANA RISKS:
•
•
•
•
•
Increase appetite
Lower body temperature
Hormone levels affected
Birth defects
Psychological dependence
• Family problems
• Legal problems
11. Marijuana (THC)
PART 12:
Club
Drugs
• Drugs associated with
concerts, clubs, and raves
• Common club drugs:
–
–
–
–
–
Rohypnol
GHB
Ketamine
Ecstasy
Alcohol, Marijuana, Meth
and LSD and others
12. Club Drugs
12. Club Drugs
• Many club drugs have no
color, odor, or taste
• DRUG SLIPPING: The
practice of placing a drug
in someone’s food or drink
without their knowledge
• Why is this done?
• Drug Slipping is done to
make a person pass out
or become defenseless
• Both men and women
could potentially:
– Have stolen keys, money,
jewelry, credit cards
– Be kidnapped, killed
– Be sexually assaulted
12. Club Drugs
12. Club Drugs
• ROHYPNOL: Depressant
drug, also called Roofies
• Commonly used as a date
rape drug (pill, powder, liquid)
• Victim often passes out and
often has no memory or
recollection of the event
• GHB: depressant drug
also called Liquid X and
Georgia Home Boy
(Gammahydroxybutrate)
• Also used as a date rape
drug (pill , powder, liquid)
• Very dangerous when
mixed with alcohol
12. Club Drugs
12. Club Drugs
• KETAMINE: Anesthetic
used on animals by
veterinarians
• Often snorted or injected
and abused at clubs
• Can cause hallucinations,
numbness, stop your
breathing, coma, death
Ketamine, Rohypnol, and
GHB all have similar risks
–
–
–
–
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting
Falling down, passing out
Defenseless victim
Depressed breathing and
heart rate
– Seizures
– Memory loss
– Coma, death
12. Club Drugs
12. Club Drugs
• ECSTASY: (MDMA)
Both a dangerous
stimulant and a
hallucinogen
• Probably the most
abused drug at clubs
and raves (along with
alcohol)
• ECSTASY: One of
the most dangerous
illegal drugs
• Usually taken in
colorful, stamped
pill form
• Also called “E”
“X” and “XTC”
12. Club Drugs
12. Club Drugs
ECSTASY: Risks:
– Eating problems
– Altered Sleep
– Very tired
– Sadness, midweek blues
– Memory Loss
– Lack of Attention and
Concentration
ECSTASY: More severe risks
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Dehydration
Exhausted, pass out
Hyperthermia (106 oF)
Seizures
Increased Heart Rate
Kidney Failure
High Blood Pressure
Heart Failure, death
12. Club Drugs
PART 13: Inhalants

Inhalants are
breathable chemical
vapors that produce
mind altering effects.

Also called “huffing”
13. INHALANTS:
13. INHALANTS:
 Inhalants
are often abused
because they are readily
available, inexpensive, and can
be found almost anywhere.

Different types of inhalants:
Solvents
Gases
Nitrites
Inhalants are ingested
into the body by
breathing in the vapors
of the product.
 Use of a Bag
 Use of a Rag
 Pressurized
Containers
13. INHALANTS:
13. INHALANTS:
Household items are often
abused:
Glue/Rubber Cement
White-out
Aerosols/Hair Spray
Toxic Markers
 Gasoline/Propane
Room Odorizers
Use of inhalants can cause
serious long term damage:
Sight/Vision Disorders
Liver Damage
Kidney Damage
Bone Marrow Damage
Brain Damage
Paralysis/Death
13. INHALANTS:
What
should
the last
few slides
say?
If you
don’t get
it yet, the
joke’s on
you!