BELLRINGER:
– Pick up papers by the door.
– Review for your Greek Forms of Government and
Athens vs. Sparta quiz.
– Turn in your AP Reading Questions on Athens and
Sparta if you didn’t turn them in last class.
Quickfire Review:
Athens or Sparta?
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Strongest army in Greece?
Valued beauty and intelligence over war?
Strongest navy in Greece?
Located in eastern Greece (Attica)?
Education centered on military?
Had slaves?
Patron god of wisdom?
Table of Contents Update:
Homework:
– Finish Herodotus Primary Source Worksheet
Persian
Wars
500 B.C. – 479 B.C.
Ms. Allen
2015-16 WHI Pre-AP
Who Fought?
– The Persians fought against the
Greeks
– Persia
– Ruled by Darius and Xerxes
– Greeks – coalition of Athenians,
Spartans, Ionians
Setting the Stage
– Darius, king of the Persians,
came to power and continued to
extend the Persian Empire
across Asia Minor. The Persians
had already taken control of
most Greek colonies, and Darius
would conquer Ionia (ī-ō'nē-ə), a
Greek sister state.
What caused the Persian War?
– Persia controlled Ionia but Greeks were already living there.
– 499BCE: Persian King Darius raised taxes = Ionian Greeks
got mad and revolted
– Athens backed them up  support for democracy!
– Persians crushed the revolts
– Darius wanted revenge on Athenians for helping so
attacked mainland Greece.
The Battle of Marathon
– Darius sends 20,000 soldiers to the Bay of
Marathon, intending to land there, wants to march
to Athens and on to Sparta.
– Miltiades (mil-tahy-uh-deez), the Athenian general,
marched an army of 10,000 men out of Athens,
hoping to delay the Persians until reinforcements
were sent from Sparta.
The Battle of Marathon
– Professional runner, Pheidippides (fahy-dip-ideez), ran 250 km in two days to Sparta and
back to ask the Spartans for their support
against the Persians.
– The Spartans said they could not help until
after the next full moon for religious reasons
– Greatly outnumbered, the Athenians took
advantage of the Persians’ overconfidence and
their knowledge of the terrain.
The Battle of
Marathon
– The strategy: The Persians put best
troops in the centre, the Athenians put
best troops on the side.
– The battle: The Persians broke
through the weak Athenian centre but
were pushed back on the wings by the
superior Athenian troops.
– ATHENS (GREECE) WINS!
The Battle of Marathon
– Legend has it that Pheidippides ran the 42
km back to Athens to announce their great
victory and died on the spot. Today’s
marathon distance (26 miles) is based on
this last run by Pheidippides.
The Battle of Thermopylae
– There was fear the Persians might return.
Under Themistocles (thuh-mis-tuh-kleez),
the Athenians developed a strong navy of
200 triremes (boats).
– In 485 B.C., Xerxes (zurk-seez) succeeded
his father, Darius, as king of the Persians.
He vowed revenge on the Greeks.
The Battle of Thermopylae
– Xerxes (zurk-seez) sent a huge army and navy
to attack the Greek mainland once again
(180,000 troops).
– Xerxes’ army advanced along the Greek coast
until coming to Themopylae, a fifty foot wide
mountain pass.
– The strategy: The Spartan king, Leonidas (leeon-i-duhs), and 7000 men wanted to hold the
Persians at the pass.
The Battle of Thermopylae
– The battle: The Persians attacks were
repulsed until a traitor showed the
Persians a secret path. Some 1,000
Spartans stayed behind to allow the
other Greeks time to fall back and mount
defenses. All died, but 20,000 Persians
were also killed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
HdNn5TZu6R8
The Battle of Salamis
– As the Persians advanced after their
victory at Thermopylae (ther-mop-uhlee), Athens was evacuated. The
Athenians escaped to the island of
Salamis, off the coast of Athens.
– The Persian army sacked and burned
Athens.
– Themistocles (thuh-mis-tuh-kleez)
ordered all Greek men onto the triremes
and set sail into the Straits of Salamis.
The Battle of Salamis
– The strategy: The Greeks wanted to lure the
Persians into the narrow waters of Straits of
Salamis, which they knew better. Themistocles
sent his servant with false information to Xerxes,
claiming the Greeks would attempt to escape
through the Straits.
– Xerxes, eager for victory, believed the message.
The Battle
of Salamis
– The battle: The Persians sailed into
the Straits of Salamis, and were
trapped by the Greeks. The Greeks
were outnumbered, but swift and
deadly Athenian triremes defeated
the Persian navy.
Battle of Plataea
– While Athens crushed the Persians at Sea,
Spartans were on the plain of Plataea and
crushes the rest of the Persian army
– Xerxes retreats
Battle Summary:
Greeks 3 – Persians 3
Battle
Winner
Ionia
Persia
Eretria
Persia
Marathon
Greece
Thermopylae
Persia (but with 20,000 dead)
Salamis
Greece
Plataea
Greece
The Persian Wars Ends
– The remainder of the Persian army was
defeated by the Spartans at Plataea and
the rest of the Persian fleet was caught
beached on shores of Asia Minor and
destroyed by the Greeks. This twenty
year battle had ended in an astonishing
victory for the Greeks and it filled them
with pride, confidence, and patriotism,
leading to the Golden Age.
Effects of the Persian Wars
– Greece victory creates a sense of unity in Greece
– Athens had control of what was left of Greece
through leadership of the Delian League.
– Delian League- an agreement that the remaining Greek
city states would help each other