REVIEW FOR AYN RAND’S
ANTHEM
BHS
Ninth Grade
WHY DOES EQUALITY RENAME HIMSELF
PROMETHEUS?
WHAT IS IMAGERY?
WHAT IS IMAGERY?
Language that appeals to the senses, allows the
reader to experience what the author is
describing.
 You’ve heard the saying “a picture is worth a
thousand words.” Authors use imagery to convey
a mental picture for the reader – more than they
could accomplish with literal words.

WHERE IS EQUALITY ABLE TO EXPERIENCE
LAUGHTER?
WHAT DOES THE TORN TUNIC SYMBOLIZE?
WHAT IS VERBAL IRONY?
WHAT IS VERBAL IRONY?
The speaker’s intended idea is far from the usual
meaning of the words.
 For example, a teenager tells his or her mother,
“I just love cleaning my room” when the truth is
far from this.

WHAT IS SITUATION IRONY OR IRONY OF
FATE?
Irony of fate or situational irony refers to
developments that are far from what is expected
or believed to be deserved.
 One example of Irony of Fate or Situational Irony
is famed composer Ludwig von Beethoven’s loss
of hearing.

DURING WHICH TIME PERIOD WAS THE
UNDERGROUND TUNNEL BUILT?
WHAT IS DRAMATIC IRONY?
WHAT IS DRAMATIC IRONY?
Dramatic Irony refers to a situation in which the
audience knows more than a character on stage.
 A character does or says something of greater
importance than he or she knows.
 The audience, however, is aware of the meaning
and importance of the act or the speech.

WHAT IS THE NAME THAT EQUALITY GIVES
LIBERTY?
COSMIC IRONY
COSMIC IRONY
When situation irony is associated with the
notion of fate, or a deity, manipulating events so
as to “frustrate and mock” a character in a
literary work.
 When the above occurs, situational irony has
become cosmic irony.

WHAT IS NONFICTION?
WHAT IS NONFICTION?
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Nonfiction is a genre based on fact.
Essays, editorials, and biographies are works of nonfiction.
Types of writing that are considered nonfiction include:
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Exposition
Argument
Personal Essays
Speeches
Opinion Pieces
Essays about art or literature
Biographies
Memoirs
Journalism
Historical, Scientific, Technical, or Economic Accounts (Including
Digital Sources) Written for a Broad Audience
ACCORDING TO THIS SOCIETY, WHAT IS
THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL?
THIS IS THE HOME THAT EQUALITY
WISHES TO BE SENT.
WHAT IS FICTION?
WHAT IS FICTION?
A literary genre based on imagination and not
necessarily on fact.
 Short stories and novels are examples.

WHAT IS PROSE?
WHAT IS PROSE?

Prose is a form of written language that is not
organized according to any formal or structural
repeating pattern of language.
WHAT IS THE NAME THAT EQUALITY GIVES
HIMSELF?
WHAT IS A GENRE?
WHAT IS A GENRE?

Genre is the French term for a type, species, or
class of composition.
WHAT IS A NOVEL?
A novel is nearly always an extended work of
fictional prose narrative. Prose is a form of
written language that is not organized according
to any formal or structured repeating pattern of
language. Novels are lengthier than short stories
which allow for a more subtle and involved
development of plot, characters, symbols, and
themes in this literary genre.
 Novels generally follow the plot diagram in that
they have an exposition, rising action, climax,
falling action, and resolution.

WHAT IS THE ONLY REASON THAT
EQUALITY WILL RETURN TO HIS OLD CITY?
NAME ONE WAY EQUALITY IS DIFFERENT
FROM OTHERS IN HIS SOCIETY.
WHAT IS VERSE?
WHAT IS VERSE?
Verse is also called ‘fixed form’
 Writing that indicates the technical requirements
of meter and rhythm are present.
 Many poems are written in verse and have
specific requirements on length, rhyme scheme,
and number of syllables.
 A sonnet, for example, is a fourteen-lined poem
written in iambic pentameter which is a type of
verse.

WHAT IS HIDDEN IN THE UNCHARTED
FOREST?
WHAT IS THE ONLY CRIME PUNISHED BY
TASK?
WHAT IS SETTING?
WHAT IS SETTING?
1. Time and place in which action occurs.
 2. Writers often tell more than date and location.
Weather, scenery, rooms, local customs, clothing,
and dialects are elements of the setting of a work.

WHAT ARE THE FIVE DIFFERENT USES OF
SETTING?
1. To create mood or atmosphere.
 a. A log cabin nestled in a beautiful mountain canyon -- peaceful, happy
mood.
 b. Wet, dark tunnel --scary mood
2. To inform readers about different ways of life.
 a. Details about clothing, customs, and speech patterns a reader can get a
sense of what it is really like to live in that story.
3. To make the action of a literary work seem more real.
 a. Vivid details can take readers to imaginary and far-away times and
places.
4. To Contribute to the conflict or struggle.
 a. Arctic settings may involve a character's struggle to survive in extreme
weather.
5. To symbolize, or stand for, some idea that the writer wants to emphasize.
 a. A spring setting may symbolize hopeful beginnings and growth.
 b. Winter may symbolize death or loneliness.
ONCE IN THE FOREST, HOW DOES
EQUALITY FEEL ABOUT FRIENDSHIP?
ANTHEM EXPOSES THE HORRORS OF WHAT
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT?
WHAT IS TONE?
WHAT IS TONE?
Tone is the author’s attitude toward the subject
he or she is writing about.
 Tone is reflected in the author’s word choices or
diction, style, and opinions.
 Some words used to describe tone in literature
are ironic, serious, puzzled, intimate, outraged,
and cynical.

HOW DOES EQUALITY HOPE THE COUNCIL
WILL RESPOND TO HIS INVENTION?
WHEN LIBERTY LEARNS THE UNSPEAKABLE
WORD, WHAT IS THE FIRST THING SHE SAYS TO
EQUALITY?
WHAT IS MOOD?
WHAT IS MOOD?
Mood in a work of literature is a feeling or
emotion created by the choice of words, the
characters and their actions, and the setting.
 Some authors create mood by using imagery.

WHAT HAPPENED TO END THE
UNMENTIONABLE TIMES?
THIS PERSON HAS ONLY “HALF OF BRAIN”.
WHAT IS A SYMBOL?
WHAT IS A SYMBOL?

A symbol is something that stands for itself
concretely and for something else outside of itself
(normally an abstraction).
WHAT IS THE SACRED WORD?
THIS IS THE GROUP THAT
REJECTS EQUALITY’S INVENTION.
WHAT IS POINT OF VIEW?
WHAT IS POINT OF VIEW?

Point of View is the perspective or vantage point
from which a story is told.
HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT POINT OF VIEW
A STORY IS TOLD IN?
First person – example: Your grandmother telling you a story
about her youth. First person pronouns like I, me, we, us, or our are
used. She, your grandmother, is the character in her own story.
Third person – example: Your grandmother is telling you a fairy
tale. Third person pronouns like she, he, his, them. She is telling the
story from outside the action.
How to tell what the point of view is:
 Is the narrator a character in the story?
 If they take part in the action – 1st person
 If they are outside – 3rd person

Types of Narrators
 Omniscient – “all knowing” tells about other thoughts and feelings
 Limited – knows only what’s in the mind of one major or minor
character
 Objective – does not discuss the thoughts or feelings of the
characters but reports only what they DO.
THIS IS WHERE PEOPLE ARE SENT AT THE
AGE OF 40.
WHO IS EQUALITY’S LOVE INTEREST?
WHAT IS NARRATIVE?
WHAT IS NARRATIVE
OR
NARRATION?
Narration is the act of telling a story, or
narrative. Narrative writing tells a story.
 The voice that tells the story is called the
narrator.

WHO IS EQUALITY’S BEST FRIEND?
WHAT DOES THE WHITE TUNIC
SYMBOLIZE?
WHAT IS CHARACTERIZATION?
WHAT IS CHARACTERIZATION?
Characterization is the act of creating and
developing a character.
 Direct characterization occurs when an
author directly states character’s traits.
 Indirect characterization occurs when an
author tells what a character looks like, does, and
says, as well as how other characters react to him
or her. It is up to the reader to draw conclusions
about the character based on this indirect
information.

WHAT IS THE TUNNEL?
PARTS OF THE PLOT: WHAT IS THE
EXPOSITION?
PARTS OF THE PLOT: WHAT IS THE
EXPOSITION?
THIS PERSON IS BURNED AT THE STAKE
FOR SPEAKING THE UNSPEAKABLE WORD.
THIS GROUP DECIDES WHERE A PERSON
WILL WORK.