STELNAV-1000
10/23/2012
BRANDON BAKER
MEGAN HEARD
KEEGAN COLBERT
COLLIN MARSHALL
RYAN HAUGHEY
BEN MORALES
TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MISSION STATEMENT
“To expand the domain of humanity beyond the earth for the betterment, preservation, and
advancement of all humankind by creating a self-sustaining, mobile habitat that ensures the
physical and psychological well-being of its inhabitants.”
•
24 Month Trip Time
•
12 Crew Members
•
Capable of Interplanetary Space Travel
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
COLLIN MARSHALL
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
BEN MORALES
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Supporting Truss Structure
Transport Tube
Habitable Pod
Central Hub
Hallway
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE
Spacecraft Structure
Overall
Structural
Profile
Dumbbell
Tethered
Spherical
Centrally Located
Propulsion
Square Cross
Section Hallways
Oval Cross
Section
Circular Cross
Section
Rigid
Modular
Pods
Toroidal
Inhabitable Pods
(TRANSHAB)
3 Sections of Two
Pods
Cylindrical
Square Cross
Section
Uniform Cross
Section
Evenly Distributed
Pods
Circular Cross
Section Hallways
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
BEN MORALES
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
•
Torus Radius: 60 m
• Small radius to reduce mass
•
Preliminary Mass Estimate: 950 MT
•
Rate of Rotation: 3.86 rpm
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
KEEGAN COLBERT
LAYOUT BENEFITS
•
Versatility:
• Pods can be added or removed and individually designed
•
Continuity:
• All pods are connected with hallways
•
Large Living Space
•
Flat Floors:
• Pods do not require curved floors like traditional torus
•
Zero Gravity Central Hub
• Contains propulsion, power generation, and agricultural production
•
Limited Radiation Shielding:
• 23.2 rem/year – 29.2 rem/year built in to the inflatable pods
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
KEEGAN COLBERT
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
LIFE SUPPORT
Over the course of 2 years, 12 people would consume:
•
7,360 kg oxygen
•
26,300 kg water
•
18,700 kg food
Recycling is essential for any long term independent space habitation
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
COMPONENTS
•
Atmospheric control
• Oxygen production and carbon dioxide management
•
Nutrition
• Food production
•
Waste management
• Recycling of liquid and solid waste
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL
•
Algae will be used for O 2 production and
CO2 elimination
•
96 m2 of algae can provide O 2 for a crew of
12
•
3 pods will have 48 m2 tanks below the
lowest floor
•
Algae will require 30 kg of water and will use
sunlight to power photosynthesis
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
• Mechanical filtration will be used to remove
other impurities from the air
MEGAN HEARD
ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL
•
The algae grown will be arthrospira
platensis (Spirolina)
•
Supplement crew member’s diets
•
57% protein by mass and high in several
essential vitamins and minerals
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
NUTRITION
•
Aeroponics for food growth
•
Aeroponics reduce water usage by 98
percent, fertilizer usage by 60 percent
•
Up to six crop cycles per year, instead of
the traditional one to two crop cycles.
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
NUTRITION
•
Located in the central hub to take
advantage of the lower gravity
•
200 m2 will be used to produce food for
the entire crew of 12
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
WASTE MANAGEMENT
•
In order to be self sustaining, waste
products must be used to provide
nutrients for agriculture
•
3 stages of bacterial decomposition will
be used to purify water and compost
waste into usable fertilizer
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
MEGAN HEARD
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
T RAVIS RAVENSCROFT
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
•
Requirements
• Provide a habitat for a crew of 12
• 47 m2 floor space per person ( ~ 600 m2 total)
•
Other considerations
• Psychology of habitable area
• Coriolis effects
• Effects of structural vibration on crew comfort
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
T RAVIS RAVENSCROFT
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
•
Inflatable habitat selected based upon launch and manufacturing considerations
•
Vertical and horizontal designs considered
•
Horizontal design chosen based upon psychology of area, crew have longer lines of sight
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
T RAVIS RAVENSCROFT
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
•
6 total habitat structures
• 2 floors per structure
• 820 m2 of useable floor space
• 3 used for living space
• 1 used for recreation
• 1 used for spacecraft control operations
• 1 used for medical and science work
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
T RAVIS RAVENSCROFT
CREW LIVING SPACE
•
Lower Floor
• Kitchen
• Bathroom
•
Upper Floor
• Bedrooms
• Storage space
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
T RAVIS RAVENSCROFT
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
•
Command and Control module
• Provides workspace for all personnel
•
Recreation Pod
• Exercise equipment
• Sections of upper floor removed
•
Science and Medical Pod
• Provides lab space for scientific experiments
• Medical area in case of injury or sickness
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
T RAVIS RAVENSCROFT
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
BRANDON BAKER
GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION & CONTROL
Spacecraft Utilities
Navigation
Command and
Control
Attitude
Determination
and Control
Command and
Data Computer
Operating System
Pulsing
uplink
Optical
Nav.
Doppler Shift
Fully
autonomous
Star
maps
High-level cmd,
autonomous
task
completion
Linux
Tele-robotic
operation
Sensors
Windows
MAC
Actuators
GNC Detail
Star
Trackers
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
CMGs
Momentum
Wheels
Gyros
Thrusters
BRANDON BAKER
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
BRANDON BAKER
Communications
Waveguide
Switches
Transponder
UHF antenna
and Receiver
Control Unit
Command
Detector Unit
High-Gain
Medium-Gain
Low-Gain
Communication Detail
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
BRANDON BAKER
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
COLLIN MARSHALL
PROPULSION
Chemical
• High Thrust
• Low Isp
Ion
• Low Thrust
• High Isp
Nuclear Thermal Rocket
• High thrust and Isp
• Radiation danger
Assemble in LEO
VASIMR ENGINE
Travel to Earth-Moon L1 Point
Interplanetary Space Travel
Mass: 50,000 kg
Cost:
$50 mil SOLUTIONS,
FREYR
INC.
ΔV ≈ 2 km/s
Thrusters for attitude control
COLLIN MARSHALL
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
RYAN HAUGHEY
Power
Dynamic
Solar
Static
Nuclear
Photovoltaic
Fuel Cell
Nuclear
Power Consumption Estimates
Propulsion
1200 kW
Attitude
500 kW
Inhabitants
200 kW
Total
1900 kW
Power Module required: 2 MW
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
Power Detail
RYAN HAUGHEY
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
RYAN HAUGHEY
MISSION SCHEDULE
Phase 1: Module Assembly
Perimeter modules launched into
LEO in paired launches
Structural components launched.
Manned missions assemble.
Propulsion module launched and
assembled
Phase 2: Gateway Transit
Main engine burn to reach
Lagrange Point
Deceleration
Spin-up commences
Engine refuel
Main engine burn to reach
destination
Phase 3: Crewed Mission
Direct launch to rendezvous with
station
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
RYAN HAUGHEY
MISSION BUDGET
Mission
Quantity
Payload
Module Coupling
6
Modules
Module Link
12
Trusses
Torus Construction
12
Hallways
Propulsion Attachment
1
Propulsion
Crew Deployment
1
Crew
Launch Vehicle
Atlas V
Launches
32
Cost Per Launch
$140M
Total Launch Cost
$4.5B
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
RYAN HAUGHEY
SYSTEMS REVIEW
•
Structural Overview
•
Life Support
•
Internal Architecture
•
Guidance, Navigation & Control
•
Communication
•
Propulsion
•
Power Plant
•
Mission Planning
•
Design Advantages
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
RYAN HAUGHEY
DESIGN ADVANTAGES:
INNOVATING THE FUTURE THROUGH…
• Versatility
• Livability
• Sustainability
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
RYAN HAUGHEY
QUESTIONS?
COMMAND AND DATA COMPUTER SUBSYSTEM
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Command sequence and programs uplink
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Spacecraft clock
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Telemetry
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Data Storage
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Fault Protection and Safing
•
AACS
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
NAVIGATION
•
Navigation data acquisition
• Velocity via Doppler shift of coherent downlink
• Range via pulsing uplink
• Angular momentum via Differenced Doppler
• Optical navigation
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
SPIN MAINTENANCE ATTITUDE CONTROL
• Control Momentum Gyroscopes (CMG)
• Single-gimbal
• Thrusters
•
Reaction/momentum wheels
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM
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High-Gain (HGA), Medium-Gain (MGA) and Low-Gain (LGA) Antennas
• Cassegrain arrangement
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Transponder (transmitter/receiver with a coherent signal)
•
Communications Relay
• UHF antenna and receiver for surface vehicle contact and relay
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
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POWER SYSTEM SOLUTION
Regenerative Closed Brayton Cycle
Diagram Source: Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power
Systems Report - NASA
System Mass: ~40 MT
FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.
Backup Solar Panels on each
pair of modules
System Mass: ~2.5 MT/pair
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