• Question Mark
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Question mark
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The question mark glyph is also often used in
place of missing or unknown data
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Question mark - History
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Lynne Truss attributes an early form
of the modern question mark in
western language to Alcuin|Alcuin of
York.Lynne Truss
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Question mark - History
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Parkes, Pause and effect: punctuation in
the west, ISBN 0-520-079418.[http://www.straightdope.com/mailba
g/mquestionmark.htm The Straight
Dope on the question mark] (link down)
Over the next three centuries this pitchdefining element (if it ever existed)
seems to have been forgotten, so that the
Alcuinesque stroke-over-dot sign (with
the stroke sometimes slightly curved) is
often seen indifferently at the end of
clauses, whether they embody a question
or not.
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Question mark - History
According to a 2011 discovery by a
Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac
was the first language to use a
punctuation mark to indicate an
interrogative sentence. The Syriac
question mark has the form of a
vertical double dot.
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Question mark - Scope
In English, the question mark
typically occurs at the end of a
sentence, where it replaces the full
stop (period). However, it may also
occur at the end of a clause or phrase,
where it replaces the comma:See also
question comma.
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Question mark - Scope
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This is quite common in Spanish, where
the use of bracketing question marks
explicitly marks the scope of interrogation.
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Question mark - Scope
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A question mark may also appear immediately
after questionable data, such as dates:
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Question mark - Scope
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However, interrogative requests typically use a full
stop (period) rather than a question mark:
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Question mark - Opening and closing question marks
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In Spanish language|Spanish, since the
second edition of the Ortografía of the
Royal Academy in 1754, interrogatives
require both opening and closing question
marks. An interrogative sentence, clause,
or phrase begins with an Inverted question
mark and exclamation point|inverted
question mark and ends with the question
mark , as in:
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Question mark - Opening and closing question marks
Question marks must always be
matched, but to mark uncertainty rather
than actual interrogation omitting the
opening one is allowed, although
discouraged:[http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv
/search?key=interrogacion#3d
Interrogación y exclamación (signos
de). Punto 3d.]
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Question mark - Opening and closing question marks
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The omission of the opening mark is
common in informal writing, but is
considered an error. The one
exception is when the question mark
is matched with an exclamation mark,
as in:
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Question mark - Opening and closing question marks
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(The order may also be reversed, opening
with a question mark and closing with an
exclamation mark.) Nonetheless, even
here the Academy recommends matching
punctuation:[http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv/sea
rch?key=interrogacion#3b Interrogación y
exclamación (signos de). Punto 3b.]
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Question mark - Opening and closing question marks
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Other languages of Spain, such as
Galician, also use the inverted
opening question mark, though
usually only in long sentences or in
cases which would otherwise be
ambiguous.
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Question mark - Armenian question mark
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In Armenian alphabet|Armenian the
question mark ( ՞ ) takes the form of an
open circle and is placed over the last
vowel of the question word. It is
defined in b:Unicode/Character
reference|Unicode at .
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Question mark - Greek question mark
In Greek language|Greek and Church
Slavonic language|Church Slavonic, the
question mark is a semicolon. The regular
Latin semicolon can be used . Although it
exists a separate character , the regular
semicolon is well used.
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Question mark - Mirrored question mark
In Arabic language|Arabic and
languages that use Arabic script such
as Persian language|Persian and
Urdu, which are written from right to
left, the question mark ‫؟‬is mirrored
right-to-left from the English question
mark. (Some browsers may display
the character in the previous sentence
as a forward question mark due to font
or text directionality issues).
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Question mark - Mirrored question mark
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Hebrew language|Hebrew and Yiddish are
also written right-to-left, but they use a
question mark that appears on the page in
the same orientation as the Romanalphabet question mark.Truss, Lynne.
Eats, Shoots Leaves, 2003. p. 143. ISBN
1-59240-087-6.
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Question mark - Fullwidth question mark
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The question mark is also used in modern
writing in Chinese language|Chinese, and
Japanese language|Japanese, although it
is not strictly necessary in either. Usually it
is written as fullwidth form in Chinese and
Japanese, in Unicode: .
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Question mark - In other scripts
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Some other scripts have a
specific question mark:
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Question mark - Stylistic variants
French usage must include a non-breaking space
(punctuation)|space before the question mark (for
example,
),[http://books.google.fr/books?id=wJgVAQAAIAAJq=%22
The+regies+for+French+marks+of+punctuation,+for+exa
mple,+include+the+semicolon+among+the+signes+doubles+%28semicolon,+colon,+exclamation+mark,+interrogation+mark%2
9+to+be+preceded+by+espace+double%22dq=%22The+r
egies+for+French+marks+of+punctuation,+for+example,+
include+the+semicolon+among+the+signes+doubles+%28semicolon,+colon,+exclamation+mark,+interrogation+mark%2
9+to+be+preceded+by+espace+double%22hl=frei=xvRXTt
jlIs3c4QS_aGTDAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCsQ
6AEwAA Book typography, Ari Rafaeli, 2005] whereas in
the English language orthography no space is allowed in
front of the https://store.theartofservice.com/the-question-mark-toolkit.html
question mark (e.g
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Question mark - Rhetorical question mark
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This character can be represented using the
reversed question mark () found in Unicode as
U+2E2E
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Question mark - Rhetorical question mark
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Bracketed question marks can be used for
rhetorical questions, for example Oh,
really(?), in informal contexts such as
Closed captioning|888 subtitles. For an
ironic or sarcastic statement, a bracketed
exclamation mark may be used: Oh,
really(!).
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Question mark - Rhetorical question mark
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The question mark can also be used as
a meta-sign to signal uncertainty
regarding what precedes. It is usually
put between brackets (?). The
uncertainty may concern either a
superficial (such as unsure spelling) or
a deeper truth-conditional
semantics|truth (real Meaning
(philosophy of language)|meaning)
level.
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Question mark - Computing
In computing, the question mark
character (computing)|character is
represented by ASCII code 63 (0x3F
hexadecimal), and is located at
Unicode Universal Character
Set|code-point U+003F. The full-width
(double-byte) equivalent, '？', is
located at Unicode code point U+FF1F.
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Question mark - Computing
In the Mac OS,
option+shift+?
produces an inverted
question mark.
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Question mark - Computing
The question mark is used in ASCII
renderings of the International Phonetic
Alphabet, such as SAMPA in place of the
glottal stop symbol, , (which resembles ?
without the dot), and corresponds to
Unicode code point U+0294, Latin letter
glottal stop.
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Question mark - Computing
In OCaml, the question
mark precedes the label for
an optional parameter
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Question mark - Computing
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In this situation it is common to replace
each unmappable character with a
question mark “?”, inverted question
mark “¿”, or the Unicode replacement
character “�” (U+FFFD, usually
rendered as a white question mark in a
black diamond)
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Question mark - Games
In Scrabble, a
question mark
indicates a blank
tile.
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Question mark - Mathematics
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In mathematics, ? commonly denotes
Minkowski's question mark function. In
equations, it can mean questioned as
opposed to defined.
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Question mark - Medicine
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A question mark is used in English medical
notes to suggest a possible diagnosis. It
facilitates the recording of a doctor's
impressions regarding a patient's
symptoms and signs. For example, for a
patient presenting with left lower
abdominal pain, a differential diagnosis
might include ?Diverticulitis (read as
'Query Diverticulitis').
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Usage
The inverted question mark (¿) is a
punctuation mark written before the first
letter of an interrogative sentence or
clause to indicate that a question follows.
It is an inverted form of the standard
symbol ? recognized by speakers of
languages written with the Latin
alphabet. In most languages, a single
question mark is used, and only at the
end of an interrogative sentence: How
old are you? This was once true of the
Spanish language.
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Usage
The inverted question mark was
adopted long after the Real
Academia's decision, published in the
second edition of (The Orthography of
the Royal Academy) in 1754
recommending it as the symbol
indicating the beginning of a question
in written Spanish— (How old are
you?)
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Usage
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In sentences that are both declarative
and interrogative, the clause that asks
a question is isolated with the
starting-symbol inverted question
mark, for example: (In case you
cannot go with them, would you like to
go with us?)
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Usage
Some writers omit the inverted question
mark in the case of a short unambiguous
question such as: (Who comes?). This is
the criterion in Catalan language|Catalan.
Certain Catalan-language authorities, such
as Joan Solà, insist that both the opening
and closing question marks be used for
clarity.
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Usage
Some Spanish-language writers,
among them Nobel laureate Pablo
Neruda, refuse to use the inverted
question mark.Pablo Neruda, , (June
2008)
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Mixtures of question marks and
exclamation points
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Although it has now become rare, it is
correct usage in Spanish to begin a
sentence with an opening inverted
exclamation mark (¡) and end it with a
question mark (?), or vice-versa, for
statements that are questions but also
have a clear sense of exclamation or
surprise such as: (Who do you think
you are?!)
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Input methods
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Users of English (US) keyboards under
Microsoft Windows can obtain the
inverted question mark ¿ using the Alt
code|Alt code method by holding down
the Alt key and pressing 0191, 6824, or
168 on the number pad and the inverted
exclamation mark ¡ with number pad
code 0161 or 173
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Input methods
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For instance, the keystroke Right-Alt-1
produces an inverted exclamation
mark, while Right-Alt-/ yields the
inverted question mark.
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Inverted question mark and exclamation point - Input methods for LaTeX
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In LaTeX documents, the ¿ is written as ?`
(question mark, backtick), and ¡ as !`
(exclamation point, backtick).
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Minkowski's question mark function
In mathematics, the 'Minkowski
question mark function' (or the
'slippery Singular function|devil's
staircase'), denoted by , is a Function
(mathematics)|function possessing
various unusual fractal properties,
defined by
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Minkowski's question mark function - Definition
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This monoid is sometimes called the
'period-doubling monoid', and all
period-doubling fractal curves have a
self-symmetry described by it (the de
Rham curve, of which the question
mark is a special case, is a category of
such curves)
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Minkowski's question mark function - Properties of ?(x)
The question mark measure is the
prototypical example of what are
sometimes referred to as multifractal|multifractal measures.
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Minkowski's question mark function - Properties of ?(x)
The question mark function maps
rational numbers to dyadic
rational|dyadic rational numbers,
meaning those whose Binary numeral
system|base two representation
terminates, as may be proven by
induction from the recursive
construction outlined above
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Minkowski's question mark function - Properties of ?(x)
The question mark function has Fixed
point (mathematics)|fixed points at 0, 1/2
and 1, and at least two more, symmetric
about the mid-point. One is approximately
0.42037.
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Minkowski's question mark function - Properties of ?(x)
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The graph of Minkowski question mark
function is a special case of fractal curves
known as de Rham curves.
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Hebrew punctuation - Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma
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Periods (full stops), question marks, exclamation
marks, and commas are used as in English.
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Hebrew punctuation - Period, question mark, exclamation mark, comma
(Some browsers may display the
character in the previous sentence as
a forward question mark due to font or
text directionality issues.) Hebrew
language|Hebrew is also written
right-to-left, but uses a question mark
that appears on the page in the same
orientation as the English ⟨?⟩.Truss,
Lynne
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Japanese punctuation - Question mark
The question mark|question or
interrogation mark (疑問符 gimonfu, はて
な hatena) replaces the full stop at the end
of an interrogative sentence. The question
mark character is also often used in place
of missing or unknown data. There is no
question mark in formal Japanese (even
questions ending in か (-ka) take the full
stop), but it is very commonly used,
especially in casual and creative writing
and in manga.
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Therapy? - Question mark suffix
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Much has been made over the years of the
unusual question mark suffix to the band's
name
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