Advanced Human
Trafficking in the
State of Texas
TCLEOSE CLASS #: 3271
Video part one
OVERVIEW
 Understanding human trafficking
 Identify the stages and elements of human
trafficking
 Communicating with victims of human
trafficking
 Role of local law enforcement
 Non-governmental organization
involvement
3
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is human trafficking?
Are there differences between human
trafficking and human smuggling?
Who are human traffickers?
If I come in contact with a suspected victim
of human trafficking who should I contact?
4
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Do victims of human trafficking need to be
physically restrained / detained?
What are the main elements of trafficking?
Are there domestic trafficking victims in the
United States?
What type of person is most commonly
victimized?
5
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
Human trafficking and smuggling are the same.
FACT:
Smuggling is based on a consensual
agreement between smuggler and client while
trafficking is a result of fraud, force or coercion
by a suspect on a victim. Smuggling may
become trafficking.
6
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
Traffickers are always strangers.
FACT:
Anyone who receives something of value for the
exploited services can be a trafficker. This
includes parents, family members, or friends, as
well as unknown persons or strangers.
7
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
Human trafficking investigations/prosecutions
are only handled by the federal government.
FACT:
Human trafficking cases may be investigated
and prosecuted by the state (PC 20A.02) or at
the federal level.
8
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
Trafficking victims always seek help to escape
their exploitation.
FACT:
Trafficking victims will not always self-identify or
seek help. They may be too traumatized and
need additional time to reveal their victimization.
9
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
Movement is required for trafficking to occur.
FACT:
Trafficking can occur without movement. Force,
fraud or coercion are the necessary elements,
not movement.
10
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
All trafficking victims are immigrants or foreign
nationals.
FACT:
Trafficking victims can be U.S. citizens or lawful
residents.
11
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
All trafficking victims are females.
FACT:
Anyone can be a trafficking victim, regardless of
age and gender.
12
COMMON MYTHS
MYTH:
All “prostitutes” are criminals and are willing
participants.
FACT:
Persons involved in prostitution may have been
forced or coerced into providing sexual
services, especially in the case of minors.
13
HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINED
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) defines
trafficking as:
a. sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced
by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced
to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or
b. the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or
obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use
of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to
involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.
A victim need not be physically transported from one
location to another in order for the crime to fall within these
definitions.
14
HUMAN TRAFFICKING CONCEPTS
 Human trafficking is a form of modern-day
slavery.
 Victims of trafficking are exploited for commercial
sex or labor purposes.
 Traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to
control their victims.
 Exploitation is a key element to the crime of
human trafficking.
 The physical movement of the victim is not a
prerequisite.
15
TRAFFICKING VS SMUGGLING
Trafficking
Smuggling
 Crime or violation against a
person
 Crime against the nation’s
sovereignty
 Contains element of
coercion (victim cannot
consent to enslavement)
 No coercion, contact ends
after entry
 Subsequent exploitation
(forced labor for debt)
 Fees paid in advance or
upon arrival
 Can occur domestically
 Always international in
nature
 Trafficked individuals seen
as victims
 Individuals making illegal
entry are seen as violators
WHO ARE HUMAN TRAFFICKERS?
 Friends and family members
 Organized criminal groups
• local gangs
• drug trafficking organizations
 Smugglers
 Pimps/madams
 Adult entertainment industry
 Massage parlor operators
 Labor subcontractors
17
STAGES OF VICTIMIZATION
 Vulnerability
•
•
Looking for better life
Escape current conditions
 Recruitment
•
•
Voluntary (fraud)
Forced (force or coercion)
 Exploitation (physical and psychological)
 Resolution
•
•
•
Rescue
Escape
Death
METHODS USED TO CONTROL
VICTIMS
FORCE, FRAUD AND COERCION are
methods used by traffickers to press
victims into lives of servitude and
abuse.
19
FORCE
 Beating
 Burning
 “Seasoning”
 Drug Addiction
 Torture
 Confinement
 Sexual Assault
 Branding or Tattooing
20
FRAUD
 False promises, marriages, employment
 Deceitful enticing and affectionate behavior,
“the boyfriend”
 Withholding wages
 Misrepresenting working conditions
 Misrepresenting the promise of a “better life”
21
COERCION
 Threats Of Serious Harm Or Restraint
 Intimidation/Humiliation
 Emotional Abuse
 Control Of Daily Lives And Brainwashing
 Threats To Family Members
 Deportation Threats
 Confiscation Of Documents
22
HOW BIG IS THE PROBLEM?
 The International Labor Organization
estimated more than 2.4 million people are
victims of forced labor as a result of human
trafficking.
1
 More than half of whom are women and girls
 The cost to victims is estimated at $20.9
billion per year
2
1
2
International Labor Organization, A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour, A Global Report under the
Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and rights at Work 2005
The cost of coercion; REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL; Global Report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration
on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work; INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE; 98th Session 2009
23
TEXAS NUMBERS….
 Bureau of Justice Administration human trafficking task forces
have reported (August 2010)
• 456 Texas-based incidences or investigations
• 133 arrests
• 511 identified victims
• Reports from January 1, 2007 – August 12, 2010
(Austin, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and San Antonio)
 Innocence Lost Task Forces in Texas reported the rescue of
109 minor victims in FY 2010 (October 2009-August 2010)
 The National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline
indicates 12% of calls came from Texas in 2009 (highest % of
calls)
24
SEX TRAFFICKING DEFINED
Commercial sex act induced by
force, fraud, or coercion, or, sex
act in which the person performing
the act is under the age 18.
25
SEX TRAFFICKING
 Prostitution is the most common form of
trafficking in the United States
 May be working in:
• Massage parlors
• Brothels
• Strip clubs
• Escort services
• Bars
• Modeling studios
• Street Corner
26
DOMESTIC MINOR SEX
TRAFFICKING VICTIM
 100,000 to 300,000 American children victimized through
the practice of child prostitution every year (commercial
sexual exploitation) 1
 30% of shelter youth and 70% of street youth victimized
through commercial sexual exploitation 2
 Organizations and agencies working with domestic minors
involved in prostitution estimate that 70-80% of the minors
they serve are runaways with a history of childhood abuse
3
and sexual abuse
1
Prostituted Children in the United States: Identifying and Responding to America’s Trafficked Youth, Serg.1.
Shared Hope International and Onanon Productions. DVD. Washington, D.C.:Shared Hope International
2
Estes, R. & Weiner, N. “Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.”
University of Pennsylvania, 2001
3
Heather J. Clawson, Nicole Dutch, Amy Solomon, and Lisa Goldblatt Grace , August 2009
27
LABOR TRAFFICKING
Using force, fraud, or coercion to
recruit, harbor, transport, obtain, or
employ a person for labor or services in
involuntary servitude, peonage, debt
bondage, or slavery.
28
LABOR TRAFFICKING
Labor trafficking may be separated into
three distinct categories which are used
to exploit victims of human trafficking.
 Bonded Labor
 Forced Labor
 Child Labor
29
BONDED LABOR
Labor is demanded as a means of repayment
for a loan or service in which the terms and
conditions have not been defined or in which
the value of the victim’s services, as reasonably
assessed, is not applied toward the liquidation
of the debt. The value of their work is greater
than the original sum of money “borrowed.”
• Migrant farm workers
• Labor camps or sweatshops
• Domestic servitude
30
FORCED LABOR
Victims are forced to work against their will,
under the threat of violence or some other form
of punishment, their freedom is restricted and a
degree of ownership is exerted.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domestic servitude
Agricultural labor
Sweatshop factory labor
Janitorial services
Food service
Magazine sales
Begging
31
CHILD LABOR
Work likely to be hazardous to the
health and/or physical, mental, spiritual,
moral or social development of children
and can interfere with their education.
• Commercial Sex trade
• Forced military service
• Domestic servitude
• Drug trade
• Illegal Arms trade
32
CHILD LABOR
 The International Labor Organization estimates
worldwide there are 215 million children
between 5 and 17 involved in child labor. 1
 Of those, more than 115 million are involved in
the “unconditional worst forms of child labor”
including debt bondage, forced recruitment for
armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, the
illegal drug trade, the illegal arms trade and
other illicit activities around the world. 1
1 International Labor Organization Report; The Hague Global Child Labour Conference 2010
33
WHERE VICTIMS ARE EXPLOITED
 Restaurants
 Cantinas/Bars
 Nail salons
 Massage parlors
 Factories
 Escort services
 Private
residences
 Sexually oriented
businesses
34
MARKETING THE EXPLOITATION
 Internet *
 Flyers
 Personal ads
 Marriage bureaus
 Business cards
 Social Network
sites
* Internet ads and pages are continually adapting. Pressures
from citizens, Attorney General’s and other organizations
have forced some sites to close “Adult Services” pages.
Traffickers continue to seek internet sites to cater to their ads.
35
WHO ARE THE VICTIMS?
“The next prostitute,
exotic dancer, illegal
immigrant, runaway
youth, domestic
servant, or migrant
worker you encounter
or take into custody
may be a victim of
human trafficking.”
36
WHAT CAN LAW ENFORCEMENT
DO?
 Know and Use existing Federal and State
laws to interdict Human Trafficking
• Trafficking Victims Protection Act - Federal Law
(Title 8 USC Chap 77 Section 1581 - TVPA
protects both U.S. citizens and non-citizens)
• Enforcement of Texas Penal Code-State Laws
 Begin building partnerships
 Look “Beneath the Surface”
37
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
PROTECTION ACT (TVPA)
 Prior to 2000, there was no comprehensive
federal law to protect victims of trafficking or
to prosecute traffickers.
 TVPA was signed into law October 2000 and
has since been re-authorized every three
years by Congress. (2003/2005/2008)
 TVPA made human trafficking a federal
crime.
38
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
PROTECTION ACT (TVPA)
Three key components of TVPA
Prevention

Through public awareness and education
Protection

Through services and benefits to help victims
rebuild their lives
Prosecution

Through new law enforcement tools and efforts
39
TVPA PERMITS PROSECUTION..
where non-violent coercion is used to
force victims to work
where victim's service is compelled by
confiscation of documents
of sex trafficking by removing the
knowledge-of-age requirement in
certain instances involving minors
40
TVPA PROVIDES….
Increases prison terms for all slavery
violations up to 20 years; adds life
imprisonment if it involves death,
kidnapping, or the sexual abuse of victim
Restitution and/or forfeiture of assets
upon conviction
Witness protection, legal immigration
status
Access to benefits and services
41
TEXAS PENAL CODE
20A.01. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:
(1) "FORCED LABOR OR SERVICES"
means labor or services, including
conduct that constitutes an offense
under section 43.02, that are
performed or provided by another
person and obtained through an
actor’s:
43.02
Prostitution
42
TEXAS PENAL CODE
(A)causing or threatening to cause bodily
injury to the person or another person or
otherwise causing the person performing or
providing labor or services to believe that
the person or another person will suffer
bodily injury;
(B)restraining or threatening to restrain the
person or another person in a manner
described by Section 20.01(1) or causing
the person performing or providing labor or
services to believe that the person or
another person will be restrained:
43
TEXAS PENAL CODE
(C)
knowing, destroying, concealing,
removing, confiscating, or withholding
from the person or another person, or
threatening to destroy, conceal,
remove or confiscate, or withhold from
the person or another person, the
person actual or purported:
(i) government records;
(ii) identifying information; or
(iii) personal property;
44
TEXAS PENAL CODE
(D) threatening the person with abuse of
the law or the legal process in relation
to the person or another person;
(E) threatening to report the person or
another person to immigration
officials or other law enforcement
officials or otherwise blackmailing or
extorting the person or another
person;
45
TEXAS PENAL CODE
(F) exerting financial control over the person or
another person by placing the person or another
person under the actor’s control as security for a
debt to the extent that:
(i) the value of the services provided by the person or
another person as reasonably assessed is not applied
toward the liquidation of the debt;
(ii) the duration of the services provided by the person
or another person is not limited and the nature of the
services provided by the person or another person is not
defined; or
(iii) the principal amount of the debt does not reasonably
reflect the value of the items or services for which the
46
debt is incurred; or
TEXAS PENAL CODE
(G) using any scheme, plan, or pattern
intended to cause the person to
believe that the person or another
person will be subjected to serious harm
or
restraint if the person does
not perform
or provide the labor or
services.
(2) "TRAFFIC" means to transport, entice,
recruit, harbor, provide, or otherwise obtain
another person by any means.
47
TEXAS PENAL CODE
§ 20A.02. TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS
(a)A person commits an offense if the person
knowingly:
(1) traffics another person with the intent or
knowledge that the trafficked person will engage
in forced labor or services; or
(2)benefits from participating in a venture that
involves an activity described by Subdivision (1),
including by receiving labor or services the
person knows are forced labor or services.
(b)Except as otherwise provided by this subsection an
offense under this section is a: FELONY OF THE
SECOND DEGREE
48
TEXAS PENAL CODE
An offense under this section is a FELONY OF
THE FIRST DEGREE if:
(1) the applicable conduct constitutes an offense
under Section 43.05 or 43.25 and the person
who is trafficked is a child younger than 18 years
of age at the time of the offense; regardless of
whether the actor knows the age of the child at
the time the actor commits the offense; or
(2) the commission of the offense results in the
death of the person who is trafficked.
43.05
Compelling Prostitution
43.25
Sexual Performance of a Child
49
TEXAS PENAL CODE
Sec. 43.05 Compelling Prostitution
(a)
A person commits an offense if the person
knowingly:
(1) causes another by force, threat, or fraud to commit
prostitution; or
(2) causes by any means a child younger than 18
years to commit prostitution, regardless of whether
the actor knows the age of the child at the time the
actor commits the offense.
(b)An offense under this section is a felony of the
second degree.
NOTE: 20A.02 provides that offenses under section (a)(2) are felonies in
the first degree.
50
OTHER APPLICABLE STATE LAWS
Often traffickers violate other state laws such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kidnapping, Unlawful Restraint
Murder
Assault Offenses
Aggravated Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault
Aggravated Kidnapping
Compelling Prostitution
Organized Criminal Activity
(Brothels)
• Seizure of Assets
PC 20.01
PC 19.02
PC 22.01
PC 22.021
PC 22.11
PC 20.04
PC 43.05
PC 71.02
CCP Chap 59
51
CCP Chapter 59
 CCP Art 59.01 (2) "Contraband" means property of
any nature, including real, personal, tangible, or
intangible, that is:
(A) used in the commission of:
(i) any first or second degree felony under the
Penal Code
 CCP Art. 59.02. FORFEITURE OF
CONTRABAND. (a) Property that is contraband is
subject to seizure and forfeiture under this chapter.
52
VISUAL INDICATORS
 Restrictions of movement
 Building security
 Living conditions
 Living/working in same place
 Smuggling or other debt owed to employers
 Working conditions; no safety equipment
54
CLUES TO LOOK FOR
 Control; lack ability to move freely or leave job
 Signs of physical abuse
 Intense fear / depression
 Branding / tattooing
 Drug addiction
 Don’t speak the local language
 Control of a workers documents
 Recent arrival from a source/transit country
55
SEPERATING TRAFFICKER FROM
VICTIM
 Who is best dressed?
 Who has clean shoes?
 Who is holding or has control of
identification documents?
 Who looks most confident?
 Who aggressively attempts to provide
language interpretation?
 Who will look you in the face as you talk to
them?
TRAFFICKING VICTIM MENTALITY
 May not identify themselves as victims
 May initially lie or use rehearsed stories
 May change story over time
 May be behaviorally dependent on trafficker
 May not want family to know of his/her
circumstances
 May exhibit “Stockholm Syndrome” and show
empathy for traffickers
57
TRAFFICKING VICTIM MENTALITY
 May not speak English
 May have cultural or religious background
that deter them from telling full story
 May be reluctant to speak to someone
wearing a gun, badge, or uniform
 May be culturally conditioned to fear
government employees
 May be fearful for their families' safety in
home country
58
UNDERSTAND DOMESTIC VICTIMS
MAY ….
 lie about their age and use false identification
 not fit stereotype of a victim
(juvenile delinquent, child prostitute, at-risk youth, or runaway)
 think of trafficker as “boyfriend” and be reluctant
to provide information
 be involved in juvenile gang activity
 have been trafficked by a family member
 be a runaway or reported as a missing child
 have been abused/sexually abused at home
MINDSET OF
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
 Their current situation may still be better than
where they came from
 May be unaware of their rights or have been
misled
 Often blame themselves for their situations
 Have a loyalty to the trafficker
60
MINDSET OF
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS
 Distrust outsiders, especially law enforcement
and fear deportation or arrest
 Do not speak English and lack cultural
knowledge
 Fearful for safety of families left behind
61
WHO ARE THE VICTIMS?
 Men, Women, and Children
 Domestic – U.S. Citizens and Residents
within the United States
 International – Foreign Nationals Across
International Borders
 Desperate, vulnerable, and impoverished
Persons
62
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
 Fear of deportation
The TVPA authorizes special
visas and other forms of
immigration relief to certain
trafficking victims.
 Fear of reunification with
abusive family
Services/placement elsewhere
will be investigated.
 Does not identify as a victim
You are a victim, not a criminal.
What is happening to you is
wrong.
 Distrust of law enforcement
We can help get you what you
need. We can protect you. You
can trust us.
 Unaware of rights
You have rights. You have the
right to live without being abused.
63
VICTIM INTERVIEW
CONSIDERATIONS
 Look for comfortable space with no physical
barriers
 Depending on policy, do not videotape or
audiotape initial conversation
 Prepare questions prior to your interview
 Use informal conversation
 Consider using a children’s advocacy center
for interviewing minors
64
VICTIM INTERVIEW
CONSIDERATIONS
 Do not make promises you cannot keep
 Keep note taking to a minimum
 Allow victim to set length and pace, be patient
 Watch for body language cues
65
QUESTIONING BENEATH THE
SURFACE
 How did you get here?
 Do you know where you are?
 Where do you live, eat and sleep?
 Do you owe a debt or money?
 Who controls your legal or travel
documents?
 Were you threatened if you tried to leave?
 Who makes your travel arraignments?
 Are you ever left alone?
66
QUESTIONING BENEATH THE
SURFACE
 Has your family been threatened?
 Were you physically abused?
 Were you ever forced to stay in one place?
 Who are you afraid of?
 How many people do you live with?
 What were you told to say to the police or
immigration?
 Who paid for their travel?
INVESTIGATIVE TOOLS
 Take statement as soon as possible
 Take photos of victim & any tattoos (branding)
 Identify & capture any social network (internet)
used to traffic the victim & archive the pages
 Determine who is paying for rooms used by
victim
 Take all cell phones for phone numbers and
find out who is paying the bill
 Get sexual assault exam, if possible, for
commercial sex trafficking
IMMEDIATE NEEDS
 Clothing
 Food
•
Possibly malnourished
 Housing



•
Safe and secure
Culturally and linguistically appropriate
Age and gender appropriate
What exists






Emergency shelters
Homeless shelters
Youth shelters
Domestic violence shelters
Hotel vouchers
Good Samaritans
69
VICTIM SUPPORT
Additional basic needs
medical, safety and security, language
interpretation and legal services
Mental health assistance
Counseling
Income assistance
Cash, living assistance
Legal status
T visa, immigration, certification,
guardianship issues
70
LAW ENFORCEMENT
COLLABORATION
 Human Trafficking cases are complex
and can quickly overwhelm a single
agencies ability to:
• Respond
• Investigate / Prosecute
• Support victims
 Cooperation between Local, State and Federal
Law Enforcement is essential
 Community and NGO support for victims
should occur at the onset
HT CASE 1 SUMMARY
Overview
AG CID investigators were assisting TABC on a bar
check and discovered indicators of ongoing prostitution.
Subjects were interviewed and 1 said she had been
kidnapped from Mexico and forced to prostitute in the
bar. She was 14 yoa when abducted and had a 14 mth
old child; trafficker suspected of being the father. In all
20 beds on wood frames were located in 2 building
adjoining the bar in a fenced area. Ten women in the
bar were interviewed, 1 had documents.
Interviews revealed victim was not able to leave, did not
have possession of child during day and did not have
any documents. The victim needed a interpreter for the
interview. Victim compelled to work to see child.
HT CASE 1 SUMMARY
Indicators and Response
HT Indicators:
• No personal possessions in work space
• Poor working conditions (20 beds in small space)
• Did not speak English
• Working inside fenced area w/ limited access points
• No documents for 9 of the 10 girls contacted
Initial Actions:
Got interpreter for interviews. Outside agencies
contacted for support (ICE & DA). NGO support
contacted once needs identified. Charges filed for
underlying violations (Compelling Prostitution / Assault/FV). Plans
made for investigation of Trafficking in Persons charges.
HT CASE 2 SUMMARY
Overview
OAG North Tex. HTTF received case as a victim outcry.
The victim escaped, along with her 3 children after being
held captive for over 3 months.
The victims were smuggled into the US via Juarez. Once
in the US the smugglers demanded more money making
the victim call her family in Mexico. The family couldn’t pay
& the victims were placed into forced labor at a house in El
Paso. While at the residence, the victim & her daughter
were forced to keep the house clean & were not paid for
the work. The victim & her daughter were threatened if
they told anyone about their situation. They escaped & are
living in El Paso.
Two suspects were identified & charged with Trafficking of
Persons. Both are suspected of being back in Mexico.
Warrants are outstanding for their arrest.
HT CASE 2 SUMMARY
Indicators and Response
Initial Contact:
Victim escape & outcry. Case demonstrates common tactics used by
smugglers; case begins as smuggling then turns to extortion then into
trafficking (forced labor).
HT Indicators:
•Forced to work without compensation
Forced Labor vs. Bonded Labor
No contract or notification of paying off a debt by working for
any form of wages. Labor performed without compensation
•Threats of death
•No documents
•Limited contact with anyone outside of traffickers
Initial Actions:
Interview of the victims & verification by follow up investigation resulted
in case being filed & suspects being indicted.
Trafficking
Corridors follow
the state &
interstate
highways
system. Human
traffickers are
subject to the
same discovery
probabilities as
the narcotics
traffickers if the
officer is aware
of the possible
human
trafficking
indicators and
know what
questions to
ask.
WHAT ARE NGO’S
NGO’s are Non-Governmental
Organizations that want to assist the
victims through collaboration with law
enforcement.
Examples:
Red Cross
Salvation Army
Polaris Project (DHHS Funded)
religious organizations
Shared Hope International
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
Freedom Network
78
WHY WORK WITH NGO’S?
 NGO’s and victim advocates can play a
vital role in victim interviews.
 Conveying a sense of safety and trust
to emancipated victims is critical.
 Successful investigation, prosecution
and victim rehabilitation requires
collaboration between law enforcement
and non-governmental organizations
79
WORKING WITH NGO’S
 NGO’s have limits, lots of them.
 NGO’s need information about clients.
 NGO’s have safety concerns.
 NGO’s have different expertise than you.
80
WORKING WITH NGO’S
 NGO’s generally work in teams.
 NGO’s need the trust of law enforcement
and governmental agencies and vice
versa.
 NGO’s priorities may differ from those of
law enforcement.
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NGO/VICTIM SAFETY ISSUES
Why Conduct a safety screening?
 Concern for
• Victim
• Family in country of origin
 Considerations
• Arrest of trafficker
• Organized crime ties
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NGO HEALTH CAPABILITES
 Screen victim immediately for injury and illness
 Victims may have basic medical needs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General physical
Documentation of injuries and scars
Tuberculosis test
STD/HIV screening
Pap smear
Nutrition assessment
Dental exam/cleaning
Eye test
 NGO staff and Law Enforcement Officers should
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maintain REGULAR VACCINATIONS
NGO HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
 Post-traumatic stress symptoms
 Depression
 Anxiety disorder
 Other
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rape trauma syndrome
Suicidal thoughts
Paranoia
Spiritual disruption
Fatalism and rage
Drug addiction
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NGO VICTIM RESOURCES
Proactive development of local / regional NGO
partnerships is essential for immediate victim
response needs.
Possible local/regional resource avenues:
211 System (Statewide 24/7 phone lines)
Local Charities and / or Churches
United Way
Salvation Army
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NATIONAL VICTIM RESOURCES
National Human Trafficking Resource Center (24 hours)
will assist in connecting victims to services they may be
eligible to receive. (Polaris Project sponsored by DHHS)
1-888-373-7888
National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
(NCMEC) Family Service Liaison
1-800-THE-LOST (1-800-843-5678)
www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/PageServlet?LanguageCountry=en_
US&PageId=4203 (website address for Resources for Child Victims of
Prostitution)
For more information on human trafficking visit the
Department of Health and Human Services.
www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking
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YOUR ROLE AS LAW
ENFORCEMENT
Call the Department of Homeland Security /
Immigration and Customs Enforcement for
investigative assistance such as checking
immigration status (24 hours).
802-872-6020
Language Line (pay for service: .68 -.74 per minute)
Texas Account Manager – Tom Costello
877-735-9770
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YOUR ROLE AS LAW
ENFORCEMENT
 Keep doing what you’re doing.
 Take a closer look and look beneath
the surface.
 Help build and prosecute crimes at
state and federal levels.
 Cooperate with prosecuting attorneys,
social services, and federal authorities.
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ATTORNEY GENERAL’S HUMAN
TRAFFICKING INVESTIGATORS
Dave Torsiello
Investigator – North Texas
512-936-1963
dave.torsiello@oag.state.tx.us
Paul Hall
Lieutenant - Austin
512-936-0568
paul.hall@oag.state.tx.us
Jeff Ortiz
Investigator – Austin
512-936-1796
jeff.ortiz@oag.state.tx.us
John Schneemann
Auditor / Investigator – Austin
(512) 936-1463
john.schneemann@oag.state.tx.us
Jesus Venegas
Investigator – Houston
281-372-5848
jesus.venegas@oag.state.tx.us
Tracy Weems
Trainer / Investigator – Austin
512-936-0555
tracy.weems@oag.state.tx.us
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