US History 1 – Exam 3 Study Guide
Your exam will consist of 150 multiple choice questions: 30 questions from Trimester 1, 30 questions from
Trimester 2, and 90 questions from Trimester 3. There will also be about five short answer questions worth a
total of 50 points.
Chapter 1 (Sections 1 and 4 only) – What Europeans Found: The American Surprise

Early explorers and their significance:
o
Magellan, Balboa, Pizarro, Christopher Columbus, Cortez.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Motivations for exploration
Chapter 2 (Sections 3, 4, and 6 only) – An Assortment of Colonies

Joint stock company – Virginia Company of London.

Reasons and motivations for colonizing the New World.

Early conditions in the new settlements.

Key people/groups:
o
John Rolfe, John Smith, John Winthrop, Roger Williams, William Bradford, Quakers, Puritans,
Pilgrims, Wamsutta James, Squanto

Jamestown, Roanoke.

“Starving Time”.

Mayflower Compact

New England colonies:
o

Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, New Haven.
Proprietary colonies:
o
Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland.
Chapter 3 (Section 3 only) – New Ways in a New World

Albany Plan of Union.

The French and Indian War:

o
Who was involved?
o
Why was it fought?
The Peace of Paris – results and significance.
Chapter 4 – The Road to Revolution and Victory

Proclamation Line of 1763.
1

Sugar Act of 1764.

Stamp Act.

Townshend Acts.

Declaratory Act.

Key people/groups:
o
Samuel Adams, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, Patriots, Tories/Loyalists, First and Second
Continental Congresses, Sons of Liberty, Hessians, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington.

Boston Tea Party.

Boston Massacre.

Intolerable Acts.

Olive Branch Petition.

The Declaration of Independence.

Common Sense.

Key battles:
o
Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, Trenton, Saratoga, Yorktown

Difference between the Continental Army and American militia.

The Treaty of Paris

Why the British lost
Chapter 5-1

Key terms:
o
Confederation.
o
Sovereign.
o
Constitution (not the, but a).
o
Legislature or legislative body.
o
Federalist.
o
Anti-Federalist.

Early form of U.S. government.

Powers of states.

Ways of constitution making.

Equality in the states.
Chapter 5-3

Relationship and balance between states and federal government.

Articles of Confederation.
o
Key phrases of it.
2
o
How the law worked according to it.
o
Powers of Congress.
o
Weaknesses of the Articles.

The Northwest Ordinance.

Shay’s Rebellion.

o
What happened?
o
Why did farmers rebel?
o
Significance and impact.
The Constitutional Convention.
o
Purpose.
o
Great Compromise – Virginia and New Jersey Plans.
o
3/5ths Compromise – Why they came to decide on this compromise.
The Constitution

How did it fix the issues with the Articles of Confederation?

How many states need to ratify it before it became the country’s law?
“Changes in a Young Nation”

Washington’s first years in office.
o
The Whiskey Rebellion.
o
Created the Cabinet.

Difference between Democratic-Republicans and Federalists.

Manifest destiny.

Geographic changes:


o
Louisiana Purchase.
o
Indian Removal Act.
o
Cherokee and the Trail of Tears.
o
Texas Annexation.
o
Mexican Cession.
o
Gadsden Purchase.
Political changes:
o
Suffrage.
o
Andrew Jackson and the Democratic party.
o
Spoils system.
o
Jacksonian democracy.
o
Marshall Court.
Economic changes:
3
o
Industrialization.
o
Eli Whitney and the cotton gin.

o

How did the cotton gin affect the economy and slaves?
Factory system and mass production.
Social changes:
o
Second Great Awakening.
o
Social reform and reformers.

Education – Horace Mann.

Prison system – Dorothea Dix.

Temperance.

Abolition – Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison.

Seneca Falls Convention and women’s suffrage – Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, Susan B. Anthony.
“A Dividing Nation”

Preston Brooks’ caning of Charles Sumner.

Missouri Compromise. What did it do? Why did it do this?

North and South sectional differences.
o
Lifestyle and economy.

Sectionalism.

Henry Clay and his contributions and significance.

Free-soilers.

Popular sovereignty.

Compromise of 1850. What did it do?
o
Fugitive Slave Law.
o
Reactions to the Compromise.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Kansas-Nebraska Act. What did it do?
o
“Bleeding Kansas”.

Republican Party.

The Dred Scott Decision.
o
Results and reactions.

John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry.

The Election of 1860.
o
Why did the Democrats lose?
o
Why did the results upset the South?
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
Definition of secession.

Attack on Fort Sumter.
“The Civil War”

Battle of Bull Run.

Appomattox Court House.

Border states – What were they?
o
What were the four?
o
Why were they important to the Union?

Advantages of the Union and Confederation for the war.

Anaconda Plan. What were the three main parts of the plan?

Antietam.
o

Emancipation Proclamation.
o

What did it do and not do?
Vicksburg.
o

Results and significance.
Results and significance.
Gettysburg.
o
Results and significance.
o
Gettysburg Address.

Total war.

Sherman’s March to the Sea.

Habeas corpus.

Challenges faced by Southern and Northern leaders.

Copperheads.

Embargo.

Effect on soldiers:


o
New weapons technology.
o
Poor medical care on the battlefield.
o
Leisure and free time.
Effect on African-Americans:
o
54th Massachusetts Regiment.
o
Racism and discrimination persist – examples?
Effect on women:
o
Roles they served – nurses, spies, soldiers, serving on the home front, etc…
o
Key women: Clara Barton, Rose Greenhow, Dorothea Dix, Harriet Tubman, Elizabeth van Lew.
5
“Reconstruction”

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Speech

Andrew Johnson’s background.

Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction (Presidential Reconstruction)
o
How could a Confederate state rejoin the Union?

Thirteenth Amendment.

New lives of freedmen.

“Forty acres and a mule”.

Freedmen’s Bureau.

Black codes.
o

Three main purposes.
Radical Republicans and their relationship with Johnson.
o
Extended life of Freedmen’s Bureau.
o
Passed Civil Rights Act of 1866.
o
Fourteenth Amendment.

Military rule in the South.

The Command of the Army Act.

Tenure of Office Act.

Johnson’s impeachment.

Scalawags and carpetbaggers.

Election of 1868.

Fifteenth Amendment.

Tenant farming.

Sharecropping.

Debt peonage.

Ku Klux Klan.

Enforcement Acts.

Election of 1876.
o
Results and significance?

Redeemers.

Poll tax, literacy test, grandfather clause.

Jim Crow laws.

Plessy v. Ferguson.
6
“Change and Conflict in the West”

Where gold was found and why the gold rush started.

Effects of the gold rush.

Forty-niners.

Vaqueros.

Chisholm Trail.

Lives of cowboys and ranchers.

Transcontinental railroad.

Lobbyist.

Pacific Railway Act.
o
Union Pacific Company.
o
Central Pacific Company.

What groups worked on the railroads? Why was immigrant labor used?

Promontory Point, Utah.

Sand Creek Massacre.

Custer’s Last Stand (Battle of Little Bighorn).

Assimilation.

Dawes Act.

Homestead Act.

Morrill Land-Grant Act.

“Soddies”.

Exodusters.

National Grange.

Populism.

Interstate Commerce Act.

Gold standard – gold bugs v. silverites.

Populist Party.

William Jennings Bryan and his “cross of gold” speech.

Challenges and hardships for:
o
Miners.
o
Cowboys.
o
Railroad owners.
o
Railroad workers.
o
Native-Americans.
o
African-Americans.
o
Settlers.
7
“The Age of Industry and Innovation”

New technologies and inventions and their effects.
o
Telegraph and Morse code.
o
Electricity.
o
Telephone.
o
Automobiles.
o
Bessemer process.
o
Oil drilling and refining.

Capitalism.

Frederick Taylor and scientific management.

Factors of production.
o
Capital, land, labor.

Corporations.

Business owners.
o
John Rockefeller and Standard Oil.
o
Andrew Carnegie and US Steel.
o
Monopolies and trusts.

Horizontal and vertical integration.

Laissez-faire approach to government.

Social Darwinism.

Sherman Antitrust Act.

The Gilded Age.
o

How did this name come about and what did it mean?
Robbers barons or captains of industry?
“Labor’s Response to Industrialization”

Key terms:
o
Sweatshop.
o
Tenement.
o
Division of labor.
o
Wildcat strike.
o
Scab.
o
Yellow-dog contract.
o
AFL.
o
IWW.
o
Socialism.
o
Anarchism.
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o

Collective bargaining.
Key figures:
o
Rose Schneiderman.
o
Eugene Debs.
o
Samuel Gompers.
o
George Pullman.
o
Henry Frick.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.

Working and living conditions of workers.

Reasons for child labor.

Division of labor.

Living conditions of workers.
o
Tenements.

Why did workers join labor unions?

How did labor unions fight for what they wanted?

What tactics did employers use against unions?

Key strikes:

o
Haymarket Square Riot.
o
Homestead Strike.
o
Pullman Strike.
Differences between the Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, and the Industrial Workers of
the World.

“Bread and butter” objectives.

Socialism v. capitalism v. anarchism.

Gains and losses by the labor union.
“Uncovering Problems at the Turn of the Century”

Key terms:
o
Muckraker.
o
Urbanization.
o
Infrastructure.
o
Extractive industries.
o
Political machines.
o
Tammany Hall.
o
Patronage.
o
Pendleton Act.
9

o
Civil service.
o
Disenfranchised.
o
Temperance.
Key figures:
o
Jacob Riis.
o
Upton Sinclair.
o
Ida Tarbell.
o
Lincoln Steffens.
o
William “Boss” Tweed.

Growth of cities and the living conditions of people in cities.

Problems in the workplace.

Unsafe products.

What issues occurred in the environment and how did people contribute to it?

In what ways was the government corrupt?

Social problems:
o
Gap between rich and poor.
o
African-Americans and disenfranchisement.
o
Lack of voting rights for women.
o
Challenges for the American family.
o
Temperance movement.
“The Progressives Respond”

Jane Addams and Hull House.

Progressives. What did they aim to do? What was the background of many progressives?

Social Gospel and how it different from Social Darwinism.

How were workplace and living conditions improved?

o
Tenement House Act of 1901.
o
Workers’ compensation laws.
Child labor reforms.
o

National Child Labor Committee. What did it end up doing?
City corruption reforms.
o
How were local governments restructured?
o
City manager form of government.
o
Secret ballot.
o
Direct primary.
o
Recall.
o
Initiative.
10
o
Referendum.

Robert LaFollete and his reforms.

Women’s suffrage.
o
NAWSA.
o
Jeanette Rankin and her significance.
o
Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
o
Partial

Tuskegee Institute.

NAACP. What did it do to try to get reform?
“Progressivism on the National Stage”

Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal.

Taft’s Payne-Aldrich Bill.
o

Tariff.
Election of 1912.
o
Third party.
o
Bull Moose party.

Wilson’s New Freedom.

Trustbusting.

Clayton Antitrust Act.

Pure Food and Drug Act.
o
Food and Drug Administration.

Arbitration.

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act.

Preservation and conservation.

National Park Service.

Federal Reserve System.

16th Amendment and the income tax.
o
Graduated income tax.

17th Amendment. Election of senators by direct vote.

Prohibition and the 18th Amendment.

19th Amendment and women’s suffrage.
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