Industrial Revolution
• Element: Analyze the process and impact of
industrialization in England, Germany, and
Japan, movements for political reform, the
writings of Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and
urbanization and its affect on women.
• Vocabulary: industrialization, Adam Smith,
Karl Marx, urbanization
• Essential Question: What was the global
impact of the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution
• Industrialization: the process of developing
machine produced goods
– Resources required:
• Water power and coal to fuel new machines
• Iron ore to construct new machines, tools, and
buildings
• Rivers for inland transportation
• Harbors from which merchants’ ships set sail
First Industrial Revolution
• 1760-1840
• the process of developing machine produced
goods
• begins in England but eventually spreads to
Europe into Germany and Asia to
Japan(Commodore Perry)
• change of source of power from wood burning
to the use of water and coal
Second Industrial Revolution
•
•
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1870-1914
introduction of steel to replace iron
electricity replaced waterpower
advanced system of transportation and
communication
A Blast Furnace at an Iron Works
Process for Industrialization
1. Large population
2. Extensive natural resources (i.e. water power,
coal, and iron ore)
3. Expanding economy (people able to invest in
business for a profit)
4. Political stability (no major wars fought in
Britain)
The Industrial Revolution
• Great Britain: the birth place of the Industrial
Revolution
• For the rest of Europe and the World it came
much later.
Growth in Germany
• Early in the 1800’s Germany was not a unified nation
• geographic issues of scattered resources
• the development of the railroad system connected
isolated industrialized cities
• the Ruhr Valley was rich in coal and iron ore
• raw materials were able to be connected to the
industrialized cities with the railroad
• began to industrialize in 1835
• gained in economic strength to develop a powerful
military
Industrialization of Japan
• with the beginning of the Meiji era in Japan in
1868
• financed textile mills, coal mines, shipyards,
and cement and other factories
• asked private companies to invest in industry
(Mitsubishi, 1870)
• produced sustained economic growth
• led to strengthening of the military and to
Japanese imperialism in Asia
Impact
Immediate:
• New inventions (steam engine, steam boat, more
modern roads, rail roads)
• Period of producing goods with machines in factories
from hand-crafted at home
• Growth of factories
• Highly developed banking and investment system
• Increased production of goods
• Growth of middle class (industrial leaders, industrial
workers)
• Worldwide trade
James Watt’s Steam Engine
Robert Fulton’s Steam Boat
Trains and Rail Roads
Spinning Jenny
Impact
Long Term:
• encouraged Nationalism introduced by the
French Revolution
• increased demand for raw materials
• expanded imperialism
• increased competition between industrialized
nations
• rise of militarism
Political Reforms
The Factory Act of 1833:
• Illegal to hire children under 9 years old
• 9 to 12 could not work more than 8 hours a
day
• 13 to 17 could not work more than 12 hours
Political Reforms
The Mines Act of 1842:
• Prevented women and children from working
underground
The Ten Hours Act of 1847:
• Limited the work day to ten hours for women
and children who worked in factories
New ways of thinking
• Adam Smith: Father of Capitalism
– Wrote Wealth of Nations
• Karl Marx: Father of Communism
– Friedrich Engels helped him write his book the
Communist Manifesto
Adam Smith
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Belief of Ownership
Adam Smith
• Individuals and business
own property and the
means of production
Karl Marx
• The community or the state
should own property and
the means of production
Belief of Progress
Adam Smith
• Progress results when
individuals follow their own
self-interest
Karl Marx
• Progress results when a
community of producers
cooperate for the food of all
Role of Government
Adam Smith
• Government should not
interfere in the economy
because competition
creates efficiency in
business
• Laissez faire
Karl Marx
• An unequal distribution of
wealth and material goods
is unfair. A better system is
to distribute goods
according to each person’s
need
Basic Beleifs
Adam Smith
• Businesses follow their own
self-interest by competing for
the consumer’s money. Each
business tries to produce
goods or services that are
better less expensive than
those of competitors
• Consumers compete to buy
the best goods at the lowest
prices. This competition
shapes the market by affecting
what business are able to sell
Karl Marx
• Socialists believe that
capitalist employers take
advantage of workers. The
community or state must
act to protect workers
• Capitalism creates unequal
distribution of wealth and
material goods. A better
system is to distribute
goods according to each
person’s need.
Urbanization
• use of machines to manufacture goods
changed where people worked: in factories
rather than at home
• changed where they lived: in cities rather than
on farms
• the demand for city life led to city building,
along with the movement of people migrating
from the farm (rural area) to the cities (urban
areas)
Affect on Women
• Women were legally inferior to, and economically
dependent on men
• Married men were now expected to support the family
• married women were to take care of the home
• perform low-paying jobs in the home
– such as taking in laundry, to help the family survive
• the employment of women and children was a
holdover from the cottage industry system
• unmarried women took textile industry jobs
– unskilled and were paid half or less than the men
• Rise of women’s suffrage