History of MSHA
Leadership Intensive Course
Mine Safety and Health
Administration
Jesse P. Cole, District Manager
Mine Safety and Health
Administration, District 4
Coal History
First Legislation

On September 16, 1869, 179 miners perished in a fire at
the Avondale Colliery, located west of Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania. Avondale was thought to be a “safe”
mine.

Pennsylvania Legislature passed the Act of 1870.
– Required 55 cubic feet of air per second for every 55 men.
– Regulated air currents and movements in mines, forbade the
use of a single airway as the intake and exhaust.
– Required mines to be divided into districts at each level,
with each district receiving a separate air current. This
helped to contain sections of bad-air and contain it to one
general location.
Late 1800’s – Multiple
Disasters

Most notable:
– Laurel Mine Explosion – Pocahontas, VA
112 miners – March 13, 1884.
– Mommouth Mine – Mount Pleasant, PA
109 miners – January 27, 1891.

Congress responded March 3, 1891 – An
Act for the Protection of the Lives of Miners
in the Territories. First federal statute for
mine safety.
An Act for the Protection of the
Lives of Miners in the Territories

Established minimum ventilation
requirements at underground coal mines.

Prohibited operators from employing
children under 12 years of age.

No Enforcement Provisions.
“Bloody December” - 1907

Naomi Mine – Fayette City, PA – Gas and
Dust Explosion kills 34 miners on December
1, 1907.

5 days later, the greatest single mining
disaster in American History:
MONONGAH – Monongah 6 & 7,
explosion kills 362 miners at
Monongah, WV.
Monongah – 1907
362 Miners Killed
Sole Survivor – Patrick McDonald
Public Law 61-179

In effect May 16, 1910, established:
– The Bureau of Mines in the Department of
Interior.
– Actions of Bureau limited to research and
investigations.
– Dr. Joseph A. Holmes, First Director of the U.S.
Bureau of Mines.
Death and Disasters
Continued to Occur…..

Between 1910 and 1941 there were 62,281
mining related deaths (era of less than poor
reporting).

1941 – Public Law 77-49
– Federal inspectors given right-of-entry to
conduct annual or other inspections and
investigations.
– NO safety or health regulations were mandated.

Still, Death and Disasters Continued to
Occur…
– March 5, 1947 – Centralia, Illinois – Centralia
No. 5 Mine Explodes
65 miners fatally burned.
 45 additional die from afterdamp.


Public Law 80-326 passed in 1947
– First Code of Federal Regulations for mine
safety for bituminous and lignite mines.
– NO enforcement provisions, law expired in
one year.
1951 – Explosions Continue to Kill…

Reported explosions killed 163 persons.
– 10 ignitions of gas or dust by electric arc.
– 10 ignitions of gas or dust by open lights or
smoking.
– 3 ignitions of gas and dust by blasting.

This record led to further legislation in 1952.
Enforcement Begins to
Increase

1952 – Federal Coal Mine Safety Act
– Mandated annual inspections of underground
coal mines, with more stringent standards for
“gassy” mines.
– Power to issue violation notices and imminent
danger withdrawal orders.
– Mandated orders of withdrawal for failure to
abate conditions of less serious violations.
– Surface mines and all mines < 15 people were
exempt.

23 more coal disasters killed 299
persons from 1952 to 1966.

Public Law 89-376 – 1966
– Extended 1952 law to all underground
coal mines and provided for orders of
withdrawal for repeated unwarrantable
failures to comply with standards.
– Expanded education and training.
Farmington

November 20, 1968 Consol No. 9
Farmington WV
78 of 99 miners
underground died.
Fifteen separate
explosions.

Disaster occurred less than five miles from
Monongah.





Inspection provisions of both surface and
underground coal mines.
2 annual inspections of surface mines, 4
annual inspections of underground mines.
Increased enforcement powers.
Monetary penalties and criminal penalties
established.
Established black lung compensation for
disabilities due to the disease.
1972 – Buffalo Creek Disaster

08:05 a.m. February, 26, 1972 - Dam failure
at Buffalo Creek, West Virginia resulted in a
deluge of water.

132 million gallons of black water released.

126 people living below the dam were
killed, 1,100 injured, and over 4,000 left
homeless.
Former Site of the Town of Saunders.
1973 – Mining Enforcement and
Safety Administration (MESA)

MESA is created by an administrative
action.

Given the enforcement responsibilities that
formerly belonged to the Bureau of Mines.

Basically a separation between research and
enforcement.
1976 – Scotia Mine Disaster

March 9, 1976 –
Explosion occurred at
Whitesburg,
Kentucky killing 15
miners.

2 days later – A
second explosion kills
11 rescue workers.
Scotia Mining Complex – Arrow Indicates Mine Portal

MESA moved to Department of Labor and
changed to Mine Safety and Health
Administration.

Combined Coal and Metal/Nonmetal health
and safety laws.

Established the Federal Mine Safety and
Health Review Commission.

Expanded the rights of miners.
3500
3000
Coal Mine Fatalities 1900-2003
Dark Ages
1900-1934
Mechanization Era
1934-1969
Group Safety And Hazard
Control Era
1969-2000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
2
0
0
0
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
2000
Major Fatality Events 1960-2003
Mechanization Era
Group Safety and Hazard Control Era
1934-1969
1969 - 2000
300
1969 –
Passage of
Coal Act
250
1977 – Mine
Act
200
1993-Annual
Fatalities
Drop Below
50
150
100
50
0
1960
Personal Safety Era 2000 Present
350
2002-Record
Low 27
Fatalities
1983-Annual
Fatalities
Drop Below
100
1970
1980
1990
2000
Metal / Nonmetal
History
Early 1900’s

June 8, 1917 – Fire at Granite Mountain Mine
near Butte, Montana.
– 163 persons died of smoke inhalation.

August 27, 1922 – Fire at Argonaut Mine,
Jackson, California.
– 47 miners killed.

November 3, 1926 – Fall of Ground at BarnesHecker Mine, Ishpeming, Michigan.
– 51 miners killed, lone survivor climbed over 800 feet
of ladders to the surface.
Mining Disasters

Not as abundant as Coal; however….
– 1950’s:


30 Miners were killed in 6 separate disasters.
1961 – Public Law 87-300
– Gave right of entry to collect information
and study causes of and prevention of
accidents.
Between 1961 and 1966…

1070 miners were killed at a rate of
178 per year.

August 28, 1963 – Texas Gulf Sulfur
Co. - Moab, UT - 18 miners killed in a
gas explosion at a Potash mine.
1966 – Public Law 89-577
The Federal Metal and
Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act



Provided for the promulgation of
standards.
Allowed inspections and
investigations.
Minimal enforcement authority.
Disasters Continued…

1968 – Mine Fire - Cargill Underground Salt
Mine – Belle Isle, Louisiana.
– 21 miners died from carbon monoxide and head
injuries.

1972 – Mine Fire – Sunshine Mine – Kellogg,
Idaho.
– 92 Miners died from carbon monoxide
poisoning. One of the worst metal and nonmetal mining disasters in history.
Two Men were
Rescued 7 days
Later from the 4800
Level
1973 – Mining Enforcement and
Safety Administration (MESA)
1977 – Public Law 95-164
The Federal Mine Safety and
Health Act
Metal / Nonmental Mine Fatalities
1911-2003
1200
Dark Ages
1911-1932
Mechanization Era 1932-1969
Group Safety And Hazard Control
Era 1969-2000
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
2
0
0
0
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
2001
Major Metal – Nonmetal Fatality
Events 1911-2003
1200
1917 – Granite
Mountain Fire kills
163
1000
1972 – Sunshine
Mine Disaster
800
1966 – The Federal
Metal and
Nonmetallic Mine
Safety Act
600
1977 – The Federal
Mine Safety and
Health Act
400
200
0
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Black Wolf Coal Company Inc. – Quecreek #1 Mine –
July 28, 2002
Future Challenges











Increased challenges from extreme mining conditions.
– Lower seam heights, poor roof/floor conditions.
– Overlying multiple coal beds / interseam
interactions.
– Older existing mines developed towards depletion.
Equipment improvements including digital technology.
Information Technology.
New Training Challenges.
Renewal of an Aging Workforce.
Further Reduction in Accident Rates.
Judicial Use of Limited Budgets.
Teamwork – One MSHA.
Increased Production due to High Oil Prices.
Meeting the Supervisory Needs of Industry.
Behavior Based Initiatives.

Broad Opportunity for Motivated Leaders:
– Set achievable goals.
– Communicate expectations to ensure goals are
realized.
– Set the pace for others to follow.
– Provide guidance to ensure daily hurdles are
surpassed.
– Mentor workforce to develop skills.
– Challenge your people to achieve growth.
– Monitor your progress.
– Assess development/progress and modify plan as
necessary.
Good leaders and managers
plan.
The end.
WESTERN COAL MINING
DISASTERS 1800-2000

ALASKA

10-26-37 Jonesville
01-18-57 Evan Jones

ARKANSAS


03-04-1897 Kansas & Texas No. 4
11-20-03 Bonanza No. 20
06-25-22 Central Coal & Coke
02-24-28 Mama No. 3
11-19-36 Bates
08-27-40 No. 2
05-11-42 Peerless No. 2
02-08-48 Sun Excelsior

CALIFORNIA








07-24-1876 Black Diamond
01-19-09 Stone Canyon

COLORADO















01-24-1884 Crested Butte
09-09-1889 White Ash
01-10-1893 Como
02-18-1896 Vulcan
09-03-1897 Sunshine
09-16-01 Spring Gulch
08-07-02 Bowen
10-28-04 Tercio
02-19-06 Maitland
04-22-06 Cuatro
01-23-07 Primero
05-19-07 Engleville
07-06-09 Toller
01-31-10 Primero
Jonesville, AK
Jonesville, AK
14
5
EXP
EXP
Huntington, AR
Bonanza, AR
Huntington, AR
Jenny Lind, AR
Bates, AR
Bates, AR
Excelsior, AR
Excelsior, AR
14
11
5
13
5
10
6
8
EXP
EXP
SUFFOC
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
Nortonville CA
Chancellor, CA
6
6
FIRE
EXP
Crested Butte, CO
Greeley, CO
King, CO
New Castle, CO
Sunshine, CO
Spring Gulch, CO
Bowen, CO
Tercio, CO
Walsenburg, CO
Tercio, CO
Primero, CO
Engleville, CO
Tollerville, CO
Primero, CO
59
10
24
49
12
6
13
19
14
18
24
5
9
75
EXP
Inun H2O
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS
1800-2000 (cont.)

10-08-10
11-08-10
12-11-10
02-09-11
06-18-12
12-16-13
04-27-17
03-31-19
08-18-19
02-12-21
12-13-21
03-24-22
05-05-23
10-07-23
05-27-27
01-20-36
01-27-42
12-28-65
03-02-66
09-19-68
04-15-81

IOWA























Starksville
Victor American No. 3
Leyden
Cokedale
Hastings
Vulcan
Hastings
Empire
Oakdale
Moffat No. 1 & 2
Satanic
Sopris No. 2
Southwestern
Midwest
Delagua
Monarch No. 2
Wadge
Dutch Creek Mine
Burnwell No. 1
Somerset
Dutch Creek No. 1
02-14-1893 Chicago & Iowa
01-24-02 Lost Creek No. 2
03-30-53 O=Brien
Starksville, CO
Delagua, CO
Leyden, CO
Trinidad, CO
Hastings, CO
New Castle, CO
Hastings, CO
Aguilar, CO
La Veta, CO
Oak Hill, CO
Morrison, CO
Sopris, CO
Aguilar, CO
Palisades, CO
Delagua, CO
Broomfield, CO
Mount Harris, CO
Redstone, CO
Hesperus, CO
Somerset, CO
Redstone, CO
56
79
10
17
12
37
121
13
18
5
6
17
10
6
7
8
34
9
3
4
15
EXP
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
RFALL
EXP
Albia, IA
Oskaloosa, IA
Lovilia, IA
8
20
5
EXP
EXP
EXP
WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS
1800-2000 (cont.)

KANSAS

11-09-1888 Shaft No. 2
12-20-06 No. 1
03-18-11 No. 16
01-14-14 N0. 7
12-13-16 Fidelity No. 9

MISSOURI





03-29-1888 Keith & Perry No. 6
02-18-15 New Home No. 2

MONTANA


06-07-06 Red Lodge
11-20-08 Red Lodge
02-27-43 Smith

NEW MEXICO
















02-27-1895 White Ash
04-21-1899 Cook & White
06-19-03 Blassburg No. 3
10-05-06 Dutchman
12-31-07 Bernal
10-22-13 Stag Canyon No. 2
04-14-20 Stag Canyon No. 1 & 6
11-05-22 #4 Anthracite
11-25-22 No. 4
02-08-23 Stag Canyon No. 1
12-06-30 Lamb
12-07-32 Morgan-Jones
07-28-44 Brilliant No. 2
Frontenac, KS
Stone City, KS
Mineral, KS
Mulberry, KS
Stone City, KS
40
7
5
6
20
EXP
EXP
EXP
HAUL
EXP
Rich Hill, MO
Rich Hill, MO
24
5
EXP
EXP
Red Lodge, MT
Red Lodge, MT
Washoe, MT
8
9
74
FIRE
FIRE
EXP
Madrid, NM
Madrid, NM
Blossburg, NM
Blossburg, NM
Carthage, NM
Dawson, NM
Dawson, NM
Madrid, NM
Cerillos, NM
Dawson, NM
Madrid, NM
Madrid, NM
Brilliant, NM
24
5
5
10
11
263
5
7
12
120
5
14
6
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS
1800-2000 (cont.)

OKLAHOMA

04-04-1887 Old Savanna No. 2
01-07-1892 No. 11
03-13-1893 Choctaw
01-04-1897 No. 1
04-29-01 McAlester No. 5
12-28-01 No. 1
01-13-02 Milby & Dow
04-12-03 Central Slope 77
04-30-05 No. 19
01-24-06 Poteau No. 6
08-26-08 Hailey-Okla No. 1
10-21-09 Rock Island No. 8
03-31-10 Great Western No. 2
02-22-12 Western No. 5
03-20-12 San Bois No. 2
09-04-14 No. 1
06-30-19 Alderson No. 5
08-21-20 No. 19
10-11-22 No. 11 Progressive
01-13-26 No. 21
09-03-26 Tahona
09-27-29 Covington
12-17-29 Old Town
10-27-30 Wheatley No. 4
11-29-30 Lutie No. 5
01-17-45 Bond Valley

UTAH




























05-01-00 Winter Quarters 1 & 4
03-08-24 No. 2
09-21-24 Rains
Savanna, OK
Krebs, OK
Alderson, OK
Alderson, OK
Alderson, OK
Hartshorne, OK
Dow, OK
Carbon, OK
Wilburton, OK
Witteville, OK
Haileyville, OK
Hartshorne, OK
Wilburton, OK
Lehigh, OK
McCurtain, OK
Adamson, OK
Alderson, OK
Degnan, OK
McCurtain, OK
Wilburton, OK
Tahona, OK
Tahona, OK
McAlester, OK
McAlester, OK
Lutie, OK
Haileyville, OK
18
100
9
5
6
6
10
6
13
14
29
10
6
9
73
13
15
10
8
91
16
8
61
30
15
9
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
HAUL
FIRE
EXP
EXP
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
FIRE
EXP
R FALL
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
Scofield, UT
Castle Gate, UT
Rains, UT
200
172
5
EXP
EXP
EXP
WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS
1800-2000 (cont.)

02-06-30
03-08-30
03-14-45
05-09-45
12-16-63
05-12-75
08-24-79
12-19-84

WASHINGTON
























Standard
New Peerless
Kennilworth
No. 1
Carbon Fuel No. 2
Deer Creek
Star Point No. 1
Wilberg Mine
05-10-1892 Roslyn
08-24-1894 Franklin
04-08-1895 Blue Canyon
12-09-1899 Carbon Hill No. 7
08-21-00 Issaquah
10-01-02 Lawson
12-07-04 No. 5
04-26-07 Morgan
10-03-09 Northwestern
11-06-10 Lawson
11-16-15 Northwestern
12-17-17 Wilkeson
08-28-18 Burnett
12-17-24 Burnett
12-14-25 Wilkeson
04-08-27 Carbonado
04-12-30 Carbonado
Standardville, UT
Lynn, UT
Kennilworth, UT
Sunnyside, UT
Helper, UT
Huntington, UT
Wattis, UT
Orangeville, UT
23
5
7
23
9
3
4
27
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
RFALL
RFALL
FIRE
Roslyn, WA
Franklin, WA
Lake Whatcom, WA
Carbonado, WA
Issaquah, WA
Black Diamond, WA
Burnett, WA
Black Diamond, WA
Roslyn, WA
Black Diamond, WA
Ravensdale, WA
Wilkeson, WA
Burnett, WA
Burnett, WA
Tacoma, WA
Carbonado, WA
Carbonado, WA
45
37
23
31
5
11
17
7
10
16
31
6
12
7
5
7
17
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
INUND
EXP
EXP
EXP
INUN
EXP
WESTERN COAL MINING DISASTERS
1800-2000 (cont.)















WYOMING
03-04-1881 Almy
01-13-1886 Almy No. 4
03-20-1895 Red Canyon
02-25-01 Diamondville No. 1
10-26-01 Diamondville
06-30-03 Hanna No. 1
12-02-05 Diamondville No. 1
03-28-08 Hanna No. 1
01-20-12 Kemmerer No. 4
04-30-14 No. 2
07-26-20 No. 6
08-14-23 Frontier No. 1
09-16-24 Sublet No. 5
02-11-38 Vail (Star Valley)
Almy, WY
Almy, WY
Red Canyon, WY
Diamondville, WY
Diamondville, WY
Hanna, WY
Diamondville, WY
Hanna, WY
Kemmerer, WY
Cumberland, WY
Sublet, WY
Kemmerer, WY
Sublet, WY
Afton, WY
38
13
60
26
22
169
18
59
6
5
8
99
39
5
EXP
EXP
EXP
FIRE
FIRE
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
HAUL
EXP
EXP
EXP
EXP
WESTERN M/NM MINING
DISASTERS FROM 1860 TO 2000

ALASKA

03-02-10
09-28-11
12-09-12
03-15-43

ARIZONA



Alaska-Mexican
Shakespeare Placer
Great Northern Development
Atkinson Quarry

04-17-13
08-13-13
11-24-27
02-20-45
07-24-52
06-11-55
11-11-71
05-10-82
08-10-93

CALIFORNIA














Miami
Coronado Incline
Magma
St. Anthony
Arizona Precast Concrete
Miami Copper
Inspiration Concentrator
Magma
Magma
05-30-1874 Amador
10-03-1879 Tioga
11-30-07 Fremont
04-28-17 Mountain King
08-27-22 Argonaut
09-04-29 Calaveras
Treadwell, AK
Dome Creek, AK
Cordova, AK
Excursion Inlet, AK
37
14
9
5
Gold
Gold
Gold
Rock
EXP
SHAFT CAVE
SNOWSLIDE
EXP
Miami, AZ
Clifton, AZ
Superior, AZ
Tiger, AZ
Maricopa City, AZ
Miami, AZ
Inspiration, AZ
Superior, AZ
Superior , AZ
5
9
7
5
5
4
3
3
4
COPP
COPP
COPP
Lead
Rock
COPP
COPP
COPP
COPP
CAVE IN
HAULAGE
FIRE
Bnk House FIRE
Tun Collapse
Shaft Acc
Asphx
Roof Fall
Raise Collapse
Amador, CA
Bodie, CA
Drytown, CA
Mariposa Co, CA
Jackson, CA
Copperopolis, CA
5
6
11
7
47
5
Gold
Gold
Gold
Gold
Gold
COPP
Fall of Cage
Cage accident
FIRE
Asphx
FIRE
Cave In
WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS
FROM 1860 TO 2000 (cont.)

07-14-30
11-12-34
02-19-37
01-05-71

COLORADO



Glenn
Rohl Connolly Quarry
Walker
El Dorado Mine

11-13-1885 Bull Domingo
08-29-1895 Sleepy Hollow
09-26-1895 Belgian
01-04-1896 Anna Lee
11-20-01 Smuggler-Union
01-26-04 Stratton’s Independence
06-07-30 Climax Mine
01-09-42 Pride

IDAHO








02-25-17
07-25-19
10-06-36
05-02-72
09-09-81

KANSAS




North Star
Hecla
Morning Mine
Sunshine Mining Co
Warrior Mine

01-31-39 Southern

LOUISIANA





04-15-20
03-05-68
02-19-70
08-30-78
06-08-79
Jefferson Island
Belle Island Salt Mine
Jefferson Island Mine
Gramercy Works
Belle Isle Mine,
Lost Chance, CA
Avalon, CA
Walkermine, CA
Shingle Springs, CA
5
9
6
4
Gold
Gran
COPP
Limes
FIRE
EXP
EXP
Hoisting
Silver Cliff, CO
Sleepy Hollow, CO
Leadville, CO
El Paso City, CO
Pandora, CO
Victor, CO
Lake County, CO
Silverton, CO
10
12
6
8
31
14
6
8
Gd/Sl
Gold
Gold
Gold
Gd/Sl
Gold
Moly
Cp,Gd
EXP
Inundation
EXP
Cave In
Bnk House FIRE
CAGE
CAVE IN
suffocation
Hailey, ID
Burke, ID
Mullan, ID
Kellogg, ID
Riggins, ID
16
5
10
91
3
Gd,Sl
Lead
Lead
Silver
Gold
Snowslide
CAGE
Hoisting
FIRE
EXP
Treece, KS
5
Zinc
R Fall
Delcambre. LA
Calumet, LA
Jefferson Island, LA
Gramercy, LA
Franklin, LA
6
21
4
3
5
Salt
Salt
Salt
Baux
Salt
EXP
FIRE
Roof Fall
Mach
EXP
WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS
FROM 1860 TO 2000 (cont.)

MISSOURI

02-26-09 Keystone

MONTANA

02-16-1881 Belmont
11-23-1889 Neversweat-St.Lawrence
04-21-1893 Silver Bow #2
04-08-1896 Hope
04-11-1896 St. Lawrence
11-06-03 Koarsarge
05-12-05 Cora
01-18-11 Keating
09-03-11 Butte & Superior
04-23-13 Leonard
10-19-15 Granite Mountain Shaft
02-14-16 Pennsylvania
06-08-17 Granite Mountain
07-17-17 Three Forks Quarry
11-05-53 American Gilsonite Co

NEVADA





















04-07-1869 KY-Yellow Jacket
09-20-1873 Yellow Jacket
06-24-1887 Gould & Curry
02-23-11 Belmont
08-23-11 Giroux
07-07-12 Eureka Pit
08-04-14 Copper Flat Steam Pit
Joplin, MO
5
Lead
CAVE IN
Belmont. MT
Butte, MT
Butte, MT
Basin, MT
Butte, MT
Virginia City, MT
Butte, MT
Radersburg, MT
Butte, MT
Butte, MT
Butte, Mt
Butte, MT
Butte, MT
Trident, MT
Bonanza, MT
6
6
9
7
6
9
7
6
6
5
16
21
163
8
8
COPP
COPP
COPP
Gold
COPP
Gold
COPP
Gold
ZINC
COPP
COPP
COPP
COPP
Gyps
Gils
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
EXP
FIRE
EXP
EXP
CAGE
Hoisting
EXP
FIRE
FIRE
EXP
EXP
Gold Hill, NV
Gold Hill, NV
Virginia City, NV
Tonopah, NV
Ely, NV
Ely, NV
McGill, NV
37
6
11
17
7
10
5
Gold
Gold
Gd/Sl
Gd/Sl
COPP
COPP
COPP
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
FIRE
EXP
EXP
WESTERN M/NM MINING DISASTERS
FROM 1860 TO 2000 (cont.)

11-09-14 Sibley N0. 9 Shaft
08-13-36 Mountain City Copper
06-23-70 Texavada

NEW MEXICO



03-10-1895 Old Abe
03-31-54 Santa Rita Open Pit
Oklahoma
11-28-10 Jumbo

OREGON




6-15-76 Silver Ridge Mine
South Dakota
03-21-72 Homestake Mine

TEXAS

02-15-75 El Paso Quarry

UTAH



07-15-02
06-01-10
01-21-14
09-17-14
07-16-50
08-27-63

Washington

05-15-70 Silver Eagle Mine

END





Park-Utah
Union Quarry
Boston
Centennial-Eureka
Lark, U.S. Smelting
Cane Creek Mine
Ely, NV
Mountain City, NV
Pine Grove, NV
5
6
3
Iron
COPP
Gold
Cave In
suffocation
Fall
White Oaks, NM
Santa Rita, NM
8
5
Gold
COPP
FIRE
EXP
Durant, OK
13
Asphlt
EXP
Quartzville, OR
3
Silver
EXP
Lead, SD
3
Gold
GR Fall
El Paso, TX
3
Stone
Mach
Park City, UT
Devils Slide, UT
Bingham, UT
Eureka, UT
Lark, UT
Moab, UT
34
25
5
11
5
18
Ld,Cp
Limstn
COPP
Gold
Ld,Zn
Potash
Powder Fumes
EXP
FIRE
CAVE IN
FIRE
EXP
Stevens County, WA
3
Silver
As