Unit 3.4
Populations and environment
3.4.2: What is ATP?
Keywords
Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine Diphosphate, Mitochondria,
Electrochemical Gradient, ATP Synthase, Energy
Recap
Write the word and symbol equations for
photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Draw and label a diagram of a
mitochondrion.
carbon
+ water
dioxide
light energy
oxygen + glucose
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O
oxygen + glucose
6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6
carbon
+ water + energy
dioxide
6CO2 + 6H2O
Mitochondria
The mitochondrion is an energy-generating organelle.
It is surrounded by two membranes. The inner layer folds
inwards to form the cristae. The cristae project into a liquid
called the matrix.
outer membrane
cristae
matrix
inner membrane
The inner membrane is coated in enzymes, which catalyze
the reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP.
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Y13: What
Y13
we know so far…
What we know so far…
1. The structure of mitochondria
2. All living cells respire
3. Respiration is the release of energy in a series of controlled
reactions.
4. One of the products of respiration is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Y13: Learning objective
All Pupils will :
1. Recall the structure and function of a mitochondria
2. Learn the structure and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine
diphosphate (ADP)
3. Learn the role of ATP as the immediate source of energy for biological processes.
Y13: Learning
outcome
All Pupils will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
Draw and label a diagram of ATP
Write a word equation for the conversion of ADP to ATP
List four biological processes where ATP synthesis is required as an immediate source of
energy
Most Pupils will be able to:
1. Predict the word equation for the conversion of ATP to ADP
Some Pupils will be able to:
1. Hypothesize the consequences of an ATP deficiency
Y13
What is ATP?
ATP STRUCTURE
Y13
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP?
ATP STRUCTURE
Y13
What is ATP?
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
It is made up of:
1. Adenine (Base)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)
ATP STRUCTURE
Y13
What is ATP?
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
It is made up of:
1. Adenine (Base)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)
ATP STRUCTURE
What is ATP?
Y13
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP STRUCTURE
It is made up of:
1. Adenine (Base)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)
ATP is therefore a phosphorylated nucleotide
Y13
ATP synthesis
So ATP is a nucleotide, but it also has another function as an:
ENERGY ‘STORAGE’ MOLECULE.
ATP is built up from the molecules adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and
______________.
ATP
ADP
Y13
ATP synthesis
So ATP is a nucleotide, but it also has another function as an:
ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULE.
ATP is built up from the molecule: adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and
inorganic phosphate (Pi).
ATP
ADP
What is ATP?
Y13
To synthesise ATP from ADP, Pi and ______ is required.
Pi
ADP
Pi
Pi
ATP
Pi
Pi
Pi
Y13
Whiteboards
So, to convert ADP to ATP we need
inorganic phosphate, and something
else. What do you think this is?
What is ATP?
Y13
To synthesise ATP from ADP, Pi and energy is required.
Energy
Pi
ADP
Pi
Pi
ATP
Pi
Pi
Pi
Y13
What is ATP?
ADP + Pi + Energy  ATP (+ Water)
The addition of phosphate to ADP is termed phosphorylation. There are
different types of phosphorylation: photo, oxidative and substrate-level.
We will learn more about these through the topic.
Y13
Whiteboards
Write down a word equation for the
conversion of ATP to ADP.
Y13
Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP (+ Water)  ADP + Pi + Energy
The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is catalysed by the enzyme ATP
synthase, releasing 30.7kJ mol-1 of energy.
Y13
Brainstorm
ATP
Role of ATP
Y13
Muscle
Contraction:
Metabolic processes:
ATP
Activation of molecules:
Active Transport:
Y13
Role of ATP
Metabolic processes:
ATP provides energy needed to
build up macromolecules
from basic units.
Muscle
Contraction – provides energy
to allow muscle filaments to
slide past each other.
ATP
Activation of molecules:
when a phosphate is transferred
from ATP to another
molecule it makes it more
reactive, lowering its activation
energy.
Active Transport:
provides energy
to change shape of carrier
proteins in plasma
Membranes.
To Do:
Complete Worksheet (both sides)
Peer Mark
Final question to be completed for homework
due next lesson.
Y13
Fin.
THE END
Y13
To Finish…
To reach the top of the cliff, describe 6 keywords you’ve learnt today about
ATP and energy.........
http://www.teachers-direct.co.uk/resources/quiz-busters/quiz-busters-game.aspx?game_id=63908
ATP synthesis
Y13
ATP synthesis takes place on the mitochondrial inner membrane.
ATP synthesis requires
energy.
But where does this energy come from?
ATP SYNTHASE
Y13
ATP synthase
ATP synthase is a large complex of membrane bound protein.
There is a difference in charge between the mitochondrial matrix and
intermembrane space.
There is a difference in the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+)
between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.
Hydrogen ions (or protons) flow from the intermembrane space,
down this electrochemical gradient, and through the ATP synthase
complex, into the matrix
Electrochemical Gradient: a gradient that involves both
CHARGE and CONCENTRATION
ATP synthesis
Y13
Outer Membrane
Intermembrane
Space
H+
H+
H+
ATP
synthase
H+
Matrix
2. This prompts the release of a
H+ from ATP synthase in to the
matrix
H+
Energy
ADP
Inner Membrane
1. H+ enters the ATP synthase
complex from the inter
membrane space
H+
ATP
3. This transfer of H+ down a
gradient generates enough
energy at ATP synthase to
produce ATP from ADP and
inorganic Phosphate (Pi).