Energy Management :: 2011/12
Class # 1
Course organization
Sustainability and resource management
Prof. Paulo Ferrão
ferrao@ist.utl.pt
Energy Management
Human development and resource productivity
100
90
Environment
Labor
Capital
Importância relativa
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
Ano
Era
Schoool
Main Productivity
factors
Main
Actors
Wealth
perception
Perception of
Environment
Up to the
18th
Century
Fisiocrats
(Quesnay,
Turgot)
Land, agriculture,
Natural Resources
Farmers
Crop value
Main production
factor
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 2 of 53
Energy Management
Natural Ecosystem
Producers
Nutrients
reservoir
Consumenrs
Decomposers
Energy
Nutrients
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 3 of 53
Energy Management
Human development and resource productivity
100
90
Environment
Labor
Capital
Importância relativa
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
Ano
Era
Schoool
Main Productivity
factors
Main
Actors
Wealth
perception
Perception of
Environment
End of the
18th Century
and middle
19th Century
Adam Smith,
Karl Marx
Work on
Manufacturing
Companies
and
commerce
Objective
assets,
capital
Secondary
production
factor,
supporting labor
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 4 of 53
Energy Management
Human development and resource productivity
100
90
Environment
Labor
Capital
Importância relativa
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Ano
Era
Schoool
Main Productivity
factors
Main
Actors
Wealth
perception
Perception of
Environment
End of the
19th Century,
20th Century
Neoclassics
Labor: manufacturing,
administration,
research and
development
Market and
companies
Different
subjective
values
determined
by market
Value totally
overcome by
capital and
labour
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 5 of 53
Energy Management
Human development and resource productivity
100
90
Environment
Labor
Capital
Importância relativa
80
70
60
50
40
Unemployment and
overexploitation of
environment are factors
that determin the major
relevance of the
Productivitity of Natural
Resources
30
20
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Ano
Era
Schoool
Contemporary
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Main Productivity
factors
Main
Actors
Wealth
perception
Multifactors
Markets,
companies
and
technologies
GDP
Perception of
Environment
Slide 6 of 53
Energy Management
Historical pattern of Environmental Strategies
Historical pattern of Environmental strategies
Time and
Space
Business-as-usual
Compliance with
regulation
Pollution prevention
Process oriented
EIA, Energy audits,
Envir. audits
Extended product
responsability
Eco-efficiency
Design for Environment
Life Cycle Assessment
Product oriented
LCA
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 7 of 53
Energy Management
Life cycle thinking
MSW
EEE
Car
Components
Manufacturing
Resources
Resources
Assembly
Use
Waste
Environment
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 8 of 53
Energy Management
Life cycle thinking
Other
s
MSW
EEE
Car
Components
Manufacturing
Resources
Assembly
Use
Waste
Environment
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 9 of 53
Energy Management
Historical pattern of Environmental Strategies
Historical pattern of Environmental strategies
Time and
Space
Business-as-usual
Compliance with
regulation
Pollution prevention
Process oriented
EIA, Energy audits,
Envir. audits
Extended product
responsability
Eco-efficiency
Design for Environment
Life Cycle Assessment
Product oriented
LCA
Industrial Ecology
Creating loop closing
industrial ecosystems
Promoting waste exchanges
Cascading energy utilization
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Systems Oriented
Slide 10 of 53
Energy Management
Bulk- MFA
Others
TOOLS
MSW
EEE
LCA
Car
Components
Manufacturing
SFA
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Assembly
Use
MFA
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Energy Management
Natural Ecosystem
Consumenrs
Producers
ECONOMY
METABOLISM
Nutrients
reservoir
Decomposers
Energy
Nutrients
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 12 of 53
Energy Management
Materials Flow Analysis
Air
Water
Foreign hidden flows
TMR
Air
Water
Imports
Exports
Domestic
extraction
DMI
Stocks
Economy
Domestic
output
Environmental
burdens
Domestic hidden flows
ENVIRONMENT
* Matthews et al. (2000)
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
13
Slide 13 of 53
Energy Management
Portugal in the European Context
(1988-1997)
Adapted from Bringezu and Schütz, 2000, Total Material Requirement of the European Union, European Environment Agency,
Technical report No 55.
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 14 of 53
Energy Management
A new Kuznets Curve ?
dmiit   0  1 yit   2 yit   it
2
Canas, A., Ferrão, P. and Conceição, P. (2003) “A new environmental kuznets curve? Relationship
between direct material input and income per capita: evidence from industrialized countries”.
Ecological Economics. Volume 46, Issue 2, September 2003 , Pages 217-229.
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 15 of 53
Energy Management
Ecological Footprint
The
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
is a resource management tool that measures
how much land and water area a human population
requires to produce the resources it consumes and to
absorb its wastes under prevailing technology.
•
•
•
The Ecological Footprint, human demand, and biocapacity, ecosystem
supply, are both measured in units of global hectares, a hectare
normalized to the average productivity of all bioproductive hectares on
Earth.
As of 2003, there are approximately 11.2 billion global hectares of area
available. In that same year, humanity demanded products and services
from the equivalent of 14.1 billion global hectares.
Excel file
Available in: http://www.footprintnetwork.org
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 16 of 53
Energy Management
Ecological Footprint
Available in: http://www.footprintnetwork.org
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 17 of 53
Energy Management
Ecological Footprint
Available in: http://www.footprintnetwork.org
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 18 of 53
Energy Management
HOW TO DESIGN A BETTER WORLD ?
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 19 of 53
Energy Management
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 20 of 53
Energy Management
Energy transformation
Sankey Diagramm
Supply
Energy Transformation:
Primary energy
 Dams, thermal power stations, wind mills, ...
 Refineries, …
 Fuel transport, electricity networks, …
Energy Conversion:
PRODUCTION
EFFICIENCY
Final energy
 Internal combustion engines, ...
Demand
 Lamps, …
 Heaters, …
Energy Use:
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Useful energy
 Products, ...
 Confort, …
 Transportation, …
CONTROL
& BEHAVIOR
Productive energy
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 21 of 53
Energy Management
Block diagram
EXAMPLE
Energy
consumption
1
EA
Materials
lnput
Production
M1
M2
Operation A
M3
4
2
Residues
MR
A
B
6
5
9
E
10
G
11
7
C
3
D
8
F
12
CE11  CE G  SG  CE10
CE10  CE E  SE  CE 9
CE 9  CE D  SD f1  CE1  f 6  CE 6  f 7  CE 7 
CE 6  CE B  SBCE 4
CE 4  CE A  SA CE 2
CE 7  CE C  SC f 3  CE 3  f 5  CE 5 
CE 5  CE 4
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 22 of 53
Energy Management
Energy systems analysis
PROBLEM 01 – Complex system (recycling + treatment)
Consider the following system, and determine the matrix of flow relations.
Recycling
14
J
13
I
12
Treatment
10
K
16
15
1
A
2
B
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
3
C
7
4
F
D
8
5
H
G
E
11
9
6
Waste
Energy
Final
Slide 23 of 53
Energy Management
IO model - Leontief
• Idea developed by W. Leontief (Nobel prize in economics in
70’s)
• Part of National Income and Product Accounts
• Total Inputs = Total Outputs
Total Output
Transaction table
beetween sectors
Sales
Final demand
$
x11 + x12 + x13 + … + x1n + y1 = x1
x21 + x22 + x23 + … + x2n + y2 = x2
x31 + x32 + x33 + … + x3n + y3 = x3
…………………………………….
xn1 + xn2 + xn3 + … + xnn + y3 = xn
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
Slide 24 of 53
Energy Management
Evaluation
Contribution to the
final classification
2 Tests
Early Nov. + 1 exam date
1 Exam
Class # 1 :: Sustainability and resource management
50% each
100 %
Slide 25 of 53