ZOOLOGY
Standard 3: Vertebrates
Ms. Darlak
Warm-up 05/05
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Which phyla do these pictures belong to?
1
2
4
5
3
6
1. Arthropoda
2. Platyhelminthes 3. Annelida
4. Echonodermata 5. Mollusca 6. Porifera
Agenda 05/05
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Zoo Field Trip May 15 (next Tuesday)
Leave 8:40 return 12:30
 $6 & permission slip due Friday
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3 Presentations
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Standard 2
Warm-up 05/06
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Name as many vertebrates as you can
in 2 minutes.
Agenda 05/06
Standard 2 Back
 Dissection Choices
 What is a Chordate?
 Bones, Brains and Brawn
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On your Warm-up Paper…..
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Write your top 4 organisms you would be
interested in dissecting:
Sea Star
 Clam
 Grasshopper
 Frog
 Perch
 Earth Worm
 Rat
 Crawdad
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Kingdom Animalia
What is a Chordate?
All chordates have these basic features:
Hollow Nerve Cord – Nerve cord in which
nerves branch out at regular intervals
 Notochord – Long supporting rod that
runs length of body
 Pharyngeal Pouches or Gill Slits –
Paired structures in throat
 Segmented Muscles - muscles
specialized for movement
 Post Anal Tail – Extends beyond anus

The Generalized Structure
of a Chordate
Section 30-1
Muscle Segments
Tail
Notochord
Hollow
nerve cord
Anus
Mouth
Pharyngeal pouches
PHYLUM CHORDATA:
 PHARYNGEAL POUCHES OR SLITS
 NOTOCHORD
 DORSAL NERVE CORD
 POST ANAL TAIL
Subphylum Vertebrata:
ALL CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS PLUS:
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Bones or cartilage around a dorsal nerve cord
Cranium (skull) to protect brain
Endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage
Closed circulatory system
Ventral heart
Section 30-1
Chordate Cladogram
Mammals
Birds
Amphibians
Fishes
Nonvertebrate
chordates
Invertebrate
Ancestor
Reptiles
Bones, Brawn and Brains
Warm-up 05/07

Write down 3 reasons why we dissect
organisms?
Agenda 05/07
Greeters
 Personal Project Proposals
 Finish Bones, Brain, Brawn
 Dissection Guidelines
 Invert vs Vertebrate
 Pre-Lab Assignment
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All Standard 2 Assignments Deadline 05/09
Personal Project
Research Project
 Controlled Experiment
 Observational Experiment
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Bones, Brawn & Brains
Bones, Brain & Brawn
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What makes a chordate a chordate?
Why are tunicates included in the same phylum as humans?
What is a tetrapod?
What are some major groups of vertebrate animals?
Most vertebrates have jaws. Why are jaws important?
What natural disaster wiped out half of the Earth’s animals 65 million
years ago?
What are the advantages of having an internal skeleton as
compared to an external skeleton that is shed in order to grow?
What is the function of the notochord?
Why can’t an ant get as big as an elephant?
What happened during evolution that led to the appearance of jaws
and skulls in chordates?
How can you investigate growth in an extinct animal? How can you
investigate rate of growth in an extinct animal?
My Rationale for Dissection
Former students recall with awe the impact
lab experiences of dissections of real
animals had on them.
 I hope to instill the same feeling of awe and
respect for the beauty and organization in
body systems.
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P1 Dissection Assignments
Ryleigh, Alex, Johana – Frog & Crawdad
 Devin, Jordan, Loo– Sea Star & Perch
 James, Austin, Avi – Rat & Perch
 Cameron, Teddy, Joseph- Frog & Grasshopper
 Eric 
P2 Dissection Assignments
Breanna, Alex, Glen - Sea Star & Frog
 Kory, Rebecca, Jim – Clam & Perch
 Meghan, Micayla, Darian- Rat & Clam
 Trevor, Mary Jane, Hannah- Frog & Worm
 Skylar, Alec - Frog & Crawdad
 Mychal, Kierstin – Perch & Grasshopper
 Alyssa, Phoebe, Brianna – Rat & Crawdad
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Pre-lab Assignment
Read through the manual for your
specimen.
 Draw a rough sketch of how you plan to
make cuts.
 Make a list of what you will be looking for
when you dissect.
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Safety
MUST WEAR GOGGLES!!!!!!
 MUST WEAR GLOVES!!!!!
 Scalpel Blades are super sharp.
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Why Dissect?
To understand complexity and
organization of body systems.
 To learn about the orientation of body
parts.
 To study comparative anatomy.
 To see first hand and experience.
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Warm-up 05/08
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Name 2 things that you would expect a Crayfish and a
Frog to have in common.
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Both Bilateral
Circulatory system with a heart
One way digestive tract with intestines
Membrane lined cavities or both coelomates
Male or female reproductive organs only
Name 2 things that they don’t have in common.
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Endoskeleton (frog) vs Exoskeleton (Crayfish)
Respiratory systems different (water vs land)
Brain size
Agenda 05/08
Greeters/Presentations
 Dissection

Compare and Contrast Invertebrates to
Vertebrates
 Dissection Lab Sheets due Monday 05/12
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All Standard 2 Assignments Deadline 05/09
Compare and Contrast
After completing dissecting your
specimen, observe all other specimens.
 Note all the things your specimen has in
common and all of the things you notice
that they don’t share with other
specimens.
 You may have to look at the manuals to
find more specific information.
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Safety
MUST WEAR GOGGLES!!!!!!
 MUST WEAR GLOVES!!!!!
 Scalpel Blades are super sharp.
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CLEAN UP
Place all gloves and specimens in the blue
garbage bin.
 Rinse/dry your tray and dissecting tools
and neatly place on the desk next to sink.
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P2 Dissection Assignments
Breanna, Alex, Glen - Sea Star & Frog
 Kory, Rebecca, Jim – Clam & Perch
 Meghan, Micayla, Darian- Rat & Clam
 Trevor, Mary Jane, Hannah- Frog & Worm
 Skylar, Alec - Frog & Crawdad
 Mychal, Kierstin – Perch & Grasshopper
 Alyssa, Phoebe, Brianna – Rat & Crawdad
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P1 Dissection Assignments
Ryleigh, Alex, Johana – Frog & Crawdad
 Devin, Jordan, Loo– Sea Star & Perch
 James, Austin, Avi – Rat & Perch
 Cameron, Teddy, Joseph- Frog & Grasshopper
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Classes of Vertebrates
Chondricthyes – sharks, skates, rays
 Osteicthyes - boney fish
 Amphibia – salamandars, frogs
 Reptilia – snakes, lizards, turtles
 Aves - birds
 Mammalia - mammals
 Vertebrate Clip
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Zoo Warm-up 05/09
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For the field trip Tuesday:
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You may request one other student (from
either period) to be in your small group.
Agenda 05/09
TODAY: DEADLINE FOR ALL
STANDRD 2 ASSIGNMENTS
 Greeters/Presentations
 Computer Lab A

Personal Project Proposal Due today
 Vertebrate Class Wiki Page
 Vertebrate Article Review Due 05/30
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Classes of Vertebrates
Chondricthyes – sharks, skates, rays
 Osteicthyes - boney fish
 Amphibia – salamandars, frogs
 Reptilia – snakes, lizards, turtles
 Aves - birds
 Mammalia - mammals
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Project Proposal Due Today p. 11
Topic:
Class
Which group of animals are you focusing on?
Species
What specific specie(s) do you want to use in
your project?
Specific Topic(s)
What are you going to research about your
group or animal?
Project:
Product
What are you going to make or have to show
on the day of the final?
Time Line
What do you need to do first?
Write a list of what you will need to do to
complete this project.
Vertebrate Class Wiki Page

Create a wiki page on Darlak4science.wikispaces.com for your
assigned vertebrate class that includes information about the
following topics:
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PUT IT IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Use short bullets with the most important facts.
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Include Classification: Phylum, Subphylum, (Superclass), Class
(when appropriate)
Include characteristics as directed, bulleted information,
 NOT complete sentences
*Include number of pictures as directed, including common
names and source for each picture
https://darlak4science.wikispaces.com/Zoo+Standard+3
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What is a Chordate?
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All chordates have 4 basic features



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
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Hollow Nerve Cord – Nerve cord in which nerves
branch out at regular intervals
Notochord – Long supporting rod that runs length of
body
Pharyngeal Pouches – Paired structures in throat
Muscular Tail – Extends beyond anus
Only 4-5% of all animals are chordates
Examples = Sharks, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Birds, Mammals