“CELL”EBRATE GOOD TIMES, COME ON!
Now that you have studied hypotheses on the origin of life and have some ideas about how the first cells came to be, it’s
time to study cells in all their glory! You will be studying and reviewing on your own or with a partner. I welcome any
questions you may have. Most days we can address these during class at the beginning of the period. Just tell me what’s
on your mind.
All quizzes will have multiple choice questions. Some quizzes will have 1-2 short answer questions.
This is a great section to revisit the theme of structure and function. As you review/learn cell parts focus on how the
structure of the part helps it achieve its function.
PAGE 123 HAS A VERY HELPFUL TABLE FOR REVIEWING CELL PARTS
QUIZ 1
6.1 YEAH, we already studied this. A little review and you should be good to go!
 Review microscopy and cell fractionation, two techniques used to study cells.
 Review your microscope lab for the parts and functions of the light microscope, preparation of wet mount
slides, focusing, and calculation of total magnification.
 Review the meaning of 3 important parameters of microscopy: magnification, resolution, and contrast. How
does the EM maintain resolution while increasing the magnification? How can contrast be improved?
 Review differences between light microscopes and electron microscopes. What is the difference between the
SEM and the TEM?
 Figure 6.2 – Can you rank molecules, viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes by size?
 Figure 6.3 – Review this to understand how different types of LM create an image. Do not worry about their
names or distinguishing one from the other.
 Figure 6.4 – Helpful in understanding the difference between SEM and TEM
 Figure 6.5 – Helpful in understanding centrifugation.
 NEW! You need to know this too.
o These gentlemen made important contributions to cell biology in the 1600s:
 Robert Hooke, British, coined the word cell; he was looking at thin slices of cork (plant bark) and
thought the holes looked like little rooms or cells; weirdly he wasn’t looking at cells but only the
holes where they used to be; he was actually looking at cell walls of the cork
 Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch, was the first person to use the microscope to look at a wide
variety of living things – from sperm to spit from rainwater to pond water; he was astonished!
He was astounded! He was excited!; spent a lifetime building microscopes, drawing, and
communicating what he saw
o Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells. (Theodore Schwann and Matthias Schleiden, German, in the early
1800s)
2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
3. Cell come from pre-existing cells. (Rudolf Virchow, German, in the mid-1800s)
QUIZ 2 A little bit of this is review.
6.2
 What is a domain? What domains have prokaryotic cells? What are the 4 major groups comprising Domain
Eukarya?
 What are the 4 structures found in ALL cells? What is the function of these structures?
 Discuss the major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (Including diameter)
 Why is the size of cells limited?
 Figure 6.6 – be able to label the parts of a typical prokaryote and explain their function
 Figure 6.7 – review this but it’s not on the quiz – we’ll test membrane structure in Chapter 7
 Figure 6.8 – review this but it’s not on the quiz – we’ll test this idea in Chapter 7
 Figure 6.9 – great review pages but a little mind blowing at this point; you must recognize eukaryotic organelles
in drawings – usually they are simple line drawing; there will be not eukaryotic cell drawings on this quiz
“CELL”EBRATE GOOD TIMES, COME ON!
QUIZ 3
6.3
 Describe the structure and function of the nucleus (plural – nuclei). All you really need to understand about the
nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix is that they are protein fibers or filaments (means they are thread-like) that
support and organize the contents of the nucleus. Focus on the structure and function of the nuclear envelope,
nuclear pores, and nucleolus (plural nucleoli).
 What is the relationship between the words chromosome and chromatin? When would each be seen in the life
of the cell?
 Describe the structure and the function of the ribosome.
 Distinguish between free and bound ribosomes.
 The ribosomes are the smallest, most numerous organelles and they are not membrane-bound. All cells have
them. Secretory cells which are making proteins for export, ex. cells of the pancreas, have very large numbers of
ribosomes.
 Figure 6.10 and 6.11 are very helpful for understanding the structure of these organelles. An artist’s
interpretation is paired with EM micrographs. There will be no drawings on this quiz but these are structures
you must be able to identify in drawings of cells.
 Finally, why do you think this section only discusses the nucleus and ribosomes? How are these two organelles
related to each other?
QUIZ 4
6.4
 What is the endomembrane system and what cell structures are members of this system of membranes?
 How are the members of the system related to each other? How are the membranes of the various members
related to their role in the cell?
 You are responsible for knowing the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum, both rER and sER,
Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
 Distinguish between the terms vesicle and vacuole. Distinguish between these types of vacuoles: food vacuole,
contractile vacuole, and central vacuole.
 Figures 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, and 6.16 will greatly enhance your understanding of the endomembrane system.
I plan to use a diagram similar to 6.16 on the quiz. The other figures are important because you must be able to
label these structures in drawings of cells.
QUIZ 5
6.5
 There will be questions about endosymbiont theory. Be sure you review the evidence as well as the meaning.
Much of the evidence is reviewed as you read this section but you first encountered this idea in Chapter 25.
 Both mitochondria and chloroplast are energy transformers. Be sure you understand the difference between
the biochemical pathway called photosynthesis and the one called cellular respiration. Do plants have both
organelles? What plant organs have chloroplasts? What kinds of cells would have many mitochondria? What
kinds would have few?
 There are diagrams of mitochondria and chloroplasts on this quiz. Be sure you can identify their parts.
 I’m sure you never studied peroxisomes or glyoxysomes when you were younger. New stuff to ponder. Enjoy!
 Figure 6.17 and 6.18 will help understand mitochondrial and chloroplasts structure and help you prepare for
labeling the quiz diagrams. Review figure 6.19 to better understand the peroxisome.
I didn’t include 6.6-6.7 because they suffer from TMI syndrome: Too Much Information. I’m working on cutting them
down to something more manageable. . . . Not quite done yet!