Expansionism
rapid settlement & economic development of the West
Instructor: Carol Jean Cox
EXPANSIONISM
 Advance
to the Mississippi
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas Independence and Annexation
 The War Against Mexico
 Westward Expansionism
Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850
EXPANSIONISM

The Advance to the Mississippi
– Harrison Land Act of 1800
• Federal Land sales
• New States - Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois
Alabama, Missouri
• 160 acres for .50 cents an acre
• 4 yrs to pay at 1.50 per acre
– Great Plantations appeared in
Alabama and Mississippi
• Planters from Virginia, the Carolinas &
Georgia moved inland
EXPANSIONISM

The Advance to the Mississippi
– Indian Removal East of the Mississippi
• The Trail of Tears
– John C. Calhoun, Monroe's Secretary of
War established a resettlement policy of
Indians beyond Missouri Rivers
• by 1830's completed
– William Henry Harrison destroyed Indian
power in Northwest.
– Andrew Jackson crushed the Creeks &
Cherokees of the Southwest
EXPANSIONISM
 Advance
to the Mississippi
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas Independence and Annexation
 The War with Mexico
 Westward Expansionism
EXPANSIONISM

Manifest Destiny
"Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread the
continent allotted by Providence for the free
development of our yearly multiplying millions."
John O' Sullivan
"Democratic Review”
1845
Zinn pg. 152
EXPANSIONISM
 Advance
to the Mississippi
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas Independence and Annexation
 The War Against Mexico
 Westward Expansionism
EXPANSIONISM

Texas Independence
– American Immigration to Texas
– Independence Declared
– Battle of the Alamo
– Lone Star Republic 1836
Sam Houston
(Portrait Gallery)
EXPANSIONISM

Texas Annexation 1845
– The Democrats and Expansion
• Polk Elected
– U.S. agrees to annex Texas 1845
– Texas /Mexico Border Dispute
• U.S. states Rio Grande River
• Mexico claims Nueces River
– Mexican order to prohibit U.S.
immigration to CA
• Bear Flag Revolt 1845
James K. Polk
(Portrait Gallery)
EXPANSIONISM
 Advance
to the Mississippi
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas Independence and Annexation
 The War Against Mexico
 Westward Expansion
EXPANSIONISM

The War Against Mexico 1846-1848
– War and Expansionism
– Zachary Taylor advances from Nueces to Rio Grande
• 11 Americans killed by Mexicans on 3/8/46
– U.S. declared war
• 1700 Americans died, 4000 Mexicans,
• most die from disease
– Zinn p.162
– Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo July 4, 1848
• Texas, CA & New Mexico & 1 million sq. miles
become a part of the United States
• U.S. paid $15 million
EXPANSIONISM
The Mexican War,
1846-1848
EXPANSIONISM
 Advance
to the Mississippi
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas Independence and Annexation
 The War Against Mexico
 Westward Expansion
EXPANSIONISM

Westward Expansion
– Early Explorers
1820-1840’s
• Lewis & Clark
• Zeb Pike
– Trappers
• Hudson Bay Co.
• American Fur Co.
• Rocky Mt. Fur Co.
– Mountain Men
• Jed Smith
• Josiah Walker
– Surveyors/Scouts
• John C. Fremont
Western Trails
EXPANSIONISM
EXPANSIONISM

Westward Expansion
– The Mormons 1830-1851
– Early Settlers/ Conestoga Wagons
• 1840’s to Oregon & CA
– Applegates, Lassens, Bidwells, Bartlesons, Donner Party
EXPANSIONISM

Westward Expansion
– Oregon Territory
• “Joint Occupation”
– The Westward Migration
• The Oregon Trail
• Growing American
Settlements
The Oregon
Boundary, 1846
Compromise over Oregon
“54’ 40” or Fight!”
Britain relinquished all
territorial claims 1846
The Oregon
Boundary, 1846
EXPANSIONISM

Westward Expansion
– Gold Discovery in California 1848
– In 1849 30,000 would be miners set
out overland from Missouri to CA
– Another 25,000 made it by sea
– Few became rich, but the hundreds
of thousands pushed CA
towards statehood
The Gold Rush
The Mother Lode
EXPANSIONISM

Westward Expansion
– Gadsden Purchase
• bought from Mexico for 10 mill. 1853
– Mail routes/Pony Express 1860-1861
– Transcontinental Railroad 1869
EXPANSIONISM
EXPANSIONISM

Westward Expansion
–
–
–
–
Early Explorers
Trappers
Mountain Men
Westward Migration
• Early Settlers
• Conestoga Wagon Trains
• Mormon Settlement
• Oregon Territory
– Gold Discoveries
– Mail routes/Pony Express
– Transcontinental Railroad
EXPANSIONISM
 Advance
to the Mississippi
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas Independence and Annexation
 The War Against Mexico
 Westward Expansion
Expansionism
rapid settlement & economic development of the West
Instructor: Carol Jean Cox