1. Dorothea Dix worked to reform treament
of the _________ _____.
2. The Maine Law of 1851 dealt with
________.
3. This man succeeded Andrew Jackson as
President.
4. Henry Clay helped to start this political
party.
5. This man became President after President
Harrison died of pneumonia.
1. Harrison ran for president for the the
_____ Party.
2. The nation’s first prohibition laws were
passed in ______.
3. This man became President after President
Harrison died of pneumonia.
4. Andrew Jackson “appointed” _______ as
his successor.
5. In 1837 some Americans attempted to
invade _________, ending in the
“Caroline” incident.
Theme:
In the early nineteenth century, the
American economy developed the
beginnings of industrialization. The
greatest advances occurred in
transportation, as canals and
railroads bound the Union together
into a continental economy with
strong regional specialization.
(Pageant)
AMERICA
(ESPECIALLY THE NORTH)
IN THE MID 1800’s IS
INCREASINGLY…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Urbanized
Diverse Socially, Immigration
Democratic
Egalitarian
Industrialized
Diverse Economically
Developing infrastructure
URBANIZATION
• America is the 4th most populous nation by 1860
• Population doubles approx. every 25 years
• Experiencing overrapid urbanization and its
attendant problems – crowding, disease, and
shortages
• Northern cities (Boston, New York) begin
developing utilities and infrastructure first
• Immigration and high birth rates drive growth
Map: Major American Cities in 1830 and 1860
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
IMMIGRATION
• 1840-1899: roughly 35 million immigrants to US
• 1840s-1850s: 1.5 million Irish and close to 1.5 million
Germans immigrate to US
• Transatlantic steamships enable migration
• Collapse of revolutions of 1848, potato famine, and
hunger for opportunity, land, and freedoms motivate
immigrants
• Irish settle in East and in cities, working in factories,
canals/roads/construction, and as domestics
• Irish eventually assert control over political machines
in NYC and Chicago
• Germans settle in Midwest, agricultural
• New immigrants make US more Catholic, more diverse
Map: Origin and Settlement of Immigrants, 1820-1850
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
FARMING REVOLUTION AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• 1837 – John Deere invents steel plow
• 1830’s – Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical
mower-reaper
Inventions help FARMERS TILL THE PLAINS
Mechanization leads to crop-specialization
Specialization leads to surpluses
New transportation developed to bring surpluses to cities
Creation of turnpikes
The National Road
Steamboats (invented by Robert Fulton)
Erie Canal (AKA “Big Ditch”)
Railroads
Cities boom & a TRULY NATIONAL ECONOMY FORGED
Agricultural ad, 1859
Agricultural ad, 1859
The manufacture of agricultural implements was becoming a major industry by
1860. Now the farmers shown on the fringe could put down their scythes and let the
mechanical reaper do the work. (Library of Congress)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s
Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s
The horse-drawn McCormick reaper was a relatively simple device. A cutting bar
separated the wheat from the chaff. Reels then pushed the cut grain onto the platform
for collection and tying into shocks. (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
THESIS:
By the late 1830’s Jackson’s Whig
opponents had learned to use the same
popular political weapons against the
democrats, signaling the emergence of
the second America party system.
The Whigs and the Democrats:
Two-Party System Re-emerges (p. 293)
DEMOCRATS
WHIGS
http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist/fi/0000008f.jpg
Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become
President after him and to lead the Democratic Party.
PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects
Fed $
put in
Wildcat
Banks
Specie
Circular
1836
“run” on
Bank
Notes
Banks stop
accepting
paper $
Unemployment
Bank
closings & Recession
What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault?
What is history’s verdict of Van Buren?
Things to remember:
•
•
•
•
Panic of 1837
Specie Circular
Rebellion in Canada
“Divorce Bill”
Map: Election of 1840
Election of 1840
Although the difference in popular votes between William Henry Harrison and Martin Van Buren was small in the election of
1840, Harrison won a landslide victory in the Electoral College. This map shows why. After floundering through several
elections, the Whig Party was finally able to organize a national coalition, giving it solid victories in all of the most populous
regions of the country. Only the Far West, which was still sparsely settled, voted as a block for Van Buren.
Tyler: A President
without a Party
1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death
Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig!
Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS
(Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to
veto Tariff increases.
Maine: War with Canada?
Canadian Bacon?
• 1837: US Steamer Caroline attacked while
ferrying supplies to insurrectionists in Canada, is
destroyed.
• War threatens b/w US and GB over land route to
Quebec cutting through Northern Maine
• Lord Ashburton and Secretary Webster renegotiate
Maine’s boundaries, swapping land.
• 1842: War is averted.
MAINE
BOUNDARY
SETTLEMENT
1842
Blue line=current border
Yellow line=British claim
Red line=US claim
http://www.upperstjohn.com/
history/northeastborder.htm