Areas of Computing Study
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Artificial Intelligence
Databases and Data Science
Human-Centered Computing
Networking
Information Security
System Software
Software Engineering
Theoretical Computer Science
COMPUTER VISION
Computer Architeture
• What is computer architecture?
– How does it work?
• Three Categories of Computer Architecture
– System design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and
Microarchitecture
• Computer Architecture’s four main components
– Structure, organization, implementation, and
performance
• Von Neumann architecture
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What is Computer Architecture?
• Computer architecture is a set of rules
that discusses a computer system by
talking about its parts and their relations.
– Shows how the CPU acts
and how it uses the
Computer
computer memory Architecture
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Computer Architects
• Computer architects study and use
computers to create better and more
powerful computers we use every day
– Architects study the three categories and the
four main components of computer
architecture
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Three Categories of Computer
Architecture
• System design
– Instruction set architecture (ISA)
• Microarchitecture
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Computer Architecture’s Four Main
Components
• Four Components:
– Structure
– Organization
– Implementation
– Performance
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Structu
re
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Implementatio
n
Organizatio
n
Performan
Computer
ce Architecture
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IBM Computer Architecture Projects
Current
Projects
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Completed
Projects
12
Total Projects
23
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Architecture
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http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=18
94
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System Design
• Includes all hardware components in the
system, as well as data processors with
the CPU, such as, graphics processing unit
and direct memory access Memory
Multiprocessing
Data Paths
– System design also includes: Controllers
Virtualization
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Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
• Instruction Set Architecture is the embedded
programming language of the central
processing unit
• ISA defines the CPU’s functions and abilities
based on what programming it can perform
– These programs can include the word size,
processor register types, memory addressing
modes, data formats and the instruction set that
programmers use
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Microarchitecture
• AKA computer organization
• Microarchitecture defines the paths of
data, data processing and storage
elements, as well as how they should be
put into the ISA
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Structure & Organization
• Structures:
– the static arrangements of parts
• Organization:
– the overall interaction of the computer parts
and what they control
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Implementation & Performance
• Implementation:
– the overall design of the computers building
blocks
• Performance:
– the behavioral study of the system or of
some of its components
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Von Neumann Architecture
• Von Neumann architecture is the most popular
type of computer architecture and is still used by
most computers today. It started in 1945 by the
mathematician Jon Von Neumann, and it
describes the design of an electronic computer
with its CPU, which includes the arithmetic logic
unit, control unit, registers, memory for data and
instructions, an input/output interface and
external storage functions
• https://www.csupomona.edu/~hnriley/www/Von
N.html
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IBM Computer Architecture Projects
“At its core, IBM is a computer company; and IBM
researchers have made seminal contributions to the
computer architecture field.”
– Current Projects:
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Blue Gene
Compiler Technology for Scalable Architectures
Mambo
POWER7.
Power-aware design
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IBM’s Completed Projects
• Deep Blue
– IBM's Deep Blue computer beat the human world chess champion in
the year 1997. Now the technology is being applied to other areas.
• Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)
– The IBM VLIW research project resulted in a hardware prototype,
three generations of research compilers, and many publications and
patents.
• ASCI White Blue Pacific
– IBM's scalable multiprocessor systems offer many areas of fruitful
research. IBM Research recently contributed to the Accelerated
Strategic Computing Initiative's White and Blue Pacific
supercomputers.
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Summary
Computer Architecture is a set of rules that discusses a
computer system by talking about its parts and their relations.
There are three different categories for computer architecture:
System design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and
Microarchitecture. There are also four main components such
as, structure, organization, implementation, and performance.
And the most popular type of computer architecture is Von
Neumann Architecture which was started in 1945 by the
mathematician Jon Von Neumann. Many modern computer
companies work on various projects involving computer
architecture today.
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Questions
• Name one of the four main components in
computer architecture.
Structure, organization,
implementation, or performance
• What is the most popular type of computer
architecture?
Von Neumann Architecture
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References
• https://www.csupomona.edu/~hnriley/www/Von
N.html
• http://www.techopedia.com/definition/26757/co
mputer-architecture
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architect
ure
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PoRzVRIu_I
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