®
Susterra 1,3 Propanediol
For Brewery Heat Transfer Fluids
Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol offers system owners an innovative,
bio based glycol alternative for glycol loops
2
3
Glycol Viscosity Comparison
Glycol Viscosity Comparison
1600
1400
Viscosity, cps
1200
Propylene Glycol
1000
1,3 Propanediol
Ethylene Glycol
800
600
400
200
0
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
o
Temp, C
Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol exhibits lower viscosity in low-temperature conditions like
those in brewery heat transfer loops, improving efficiency of the system.
4
Comparison of Pumping Pressure: Susterra® 1,3 PDO vs PG
Properties at -10º C
40.5 wt % PG
40 wt % PDO
At -10º C, a 40% PG /60% water solution requires
2.4 times the pumping energy as a 40% Susterra®/ 60% water solution.
5
Freeze Points of Aqueous Glycol Solutions
1,3 Propanediol
60
40
20
EG Vol%
PG Vol%
PDO Vol%
0
Degrees, F
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
0
10
20
30
40
50
Glycol Volume, %
60
70
80
90
100
Vol, %
FP oF
FP oC
0
32
0.0
5
29.3
-1.5
10
26.4
-3.1
15
23.2
-4.9
20
19.3
-7.1
25
14.6
-9.7
30
9.4
-12.6
35
3.4
-15.9
40
-4.1
-20.1
45
-11.5
-24.2
50
-20.5
-29.2
55
-33.9
-36.6
60
-49.8
-45.4
65
-65.1
-53.9
70
-82
-63.3
75
-105
-76.1
80
-130
-90.0
85
-125
-87.2
90
-64
-53.3
95
-32.8
-36.0
100
-13.3
-25.2
Susterra® 1,3 Propanediol lowers freeze points in applications like brewery heat
transfer loops.
6
6
Glycol Cracking Study Results
•
•
•
Glycol cracking occurs as heat transfer fluid sees temperature fluctuations,
producing corrosive organic compounds and darkened fluid.
This often results in premature replacement of the HTX fluid
DTL evaluated the relative stability of three glycols, using the same inhibitor
package
PG
PDO
EG
After testing, the Susterra®-based fluid exhibited
significantly less darkening than the PG and EG fluids
7
Fluid Comparison: Nitrite Levels
The sample containing inhibited Susterra® retained
significantly more nitrites than the inhibited PG and EG samples
7
8
Fluid Comparison: Glycolate Levels
The Susterra®-based fluid produced fewer
glycolates than the inhibited PG and EG fluids
8
9
Susterra® Propanediol Achieves NSF International Nonfood
Compounds Registration
Ingredient for use in Heat Transfer Fluids with Incidental Food Contact (HTX-1)
2010 Press Release:
DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products is excited to announce that Susterra® propanediol has NSF
International Nonfood Compounds Registration. Susterra® is now acceptable as an ingredient for
use in heat transfer fluids with incidental food contact (HTX-1) for use in and around food
processing areas.
Susterra® propanediol offers formulators and suppliers a renewably sourced glycol base that
meets the NSF International Registration Guidelines for Proprietary Substances and Nonfood
Compounds.
Formulators using NSF Registered Ingredients need only identify the Susterra® propanediol
name, the NSF Registration No. 141749, and concentration of Susterra® in the finished product
of their respective application form.
Susterra® is approved as an ingredient for use in HTX with
incidental food contact for use in and around food processing areas including
breweries.
9
10
Appendix
11
Glycol Comparisons
Parameters
EG
PG
Susterra®
C2 H6 O 2
C3 H8 O 2
C 3 H8 O 2
107-21-1
57-55-6
504-63-2
Health
2
0
0
Fire
1
1
1
Reactivity
0
0
0
Chemical Formula
CAS #
HMIS Rating:
Molecular Weight
62.07
76.1
76.1
o
1.115
1.038
1.055
o
9.28
8.64
8.78
1.432
1.433
1.439
21
56
52
118(244)
103(217)
129(264)
198(387)
187(369)
214(417)
-13(8.6)
-60(-76)
-24(-11.2)
2.1
2.62
2.5
Explosive Limits: Lower (%)
3.2
2.6
2.6
Upper (%)
15.3
12.5
16.6
399(752)
415(779)
405(761)
Vapor Pressure, mmHg (20 C)
0.06
<0.1
0.08
o
48.4
40.1
46.2
0.56
0.59
0.53
0.00062
0.00069
0.00061
Specific Gravity (20/20 C)
Weight/gal (US) lbs/20 C
o
Refractive Index (20 C)
o
Viscosity, cP (20 C)
o
o
Flash Point, C( F)
o
o
Boiling Point, C( F)
o
o
Freezing Point, C( F)
Vapor Density (air = 1)
o
o
Autoignition Temp, C( F)
o
Surface Tension, dyne/cm (20 C)
o
o
Specific Heat, cal/g/ C (20 C)
o
o
o
Coeff of Expansion, per C (10 - 40 C)
Heat of Formation (kJ/mol)
-480.8
Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol)
57.9
Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol)
7.1
o
Critical Temp ( C)
445
Critical Pressure (mPa)
6.55
12
Thermal Stability: Glycol Cracking Simulation
Solar thermal HTX often exceed 200C at elevated pressure during low flow or stagnation
events, causing glycol cracking and production of corrosive organic compounds
This study was conducted to evaluate relative stability of three glycols, using the same inhibitor package
(2.2% of #2792)
Concentrated glycols:
• 712-132A: 1,2-Propanediol-based fluid (PG)
• 712-132B: 1,3-Propanediol-based fluid (PDO)
• 712-132C: Ethylene glycol-based fluid (EG)
Simulate semi-closed loop solar HTX fluid application; boil samples in a reflux condition for 16 hours and
analyze the residual HTX fluid:
• Reflux temperature: 362°F to 392°F (183.3°C to 200°C)
– Boiling points at 1 ATM:
• PG = 371°F (188.3°C)
• PDO = 417°F (213.9°C)
• EG = 387°F (197.2°C)
When paired, the inhibitors and Susterra® exhibited
superior thermal stability vs. the PG and EG inhibited glycols
12
13
Enabling a Renewable Economy...
From:
Molded Parts
Oil
Refining
Chemistry
Resins
The source is not renewable
To:
Fibers
Crops
Biomass Feedstock
Metabolic Engineering
The source is renewable
13
14
Susterra® Life Cycle Assessment* Comparison
From “cradle-to-gate,” the production of Susterra® consumes 40% less energy
and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by more than 40% versus petroleumbased 1,3-propanediol and propylene glycol.
6
GHG Emission
Non Renewable Energy
103.6
5.0
5
100
3.75
4
80
63.9
3
2.18
2
Green House Gas Emissions
- 56% less than Propanediol,
- 42% less than Propylene Glycol
Non Renewable Energy Use
- 42% less than Propanediol,
- 38% less than Propylene Glycol
60
40
1
20
0
0
Susterra®
Propanediol
(PO route)
Propylene
Glycol
Susterra®
*Susterra® LCA data based on Loudon process design data;
peer reviewed by Five Winds International
Propanediol
(PO route)
Propylene
Glycol
Non Renewable Energy (MJ/kg)
GHG Emissions (kg CO2 equiv / kg)
120
111.0
15
Japan Case Study: HTX for Beverage Processing
Susterra® -based fluid is being used in Japan as a heat transfer fluid with low
viscosity that is safe for use in food & beverage processing plants