SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of
economic growth, its regional and national impact
in the first half of the 19th century, and the different
responses to it.
a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as
seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his
development of interchangeable parts for muskets.
b. Describe the westward growth of the United States;
include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.
c. Describe reform movements, specifically temperance,
abolitionism, and public school.
d. Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls
Conference.
e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage,
the rise of popular political culture, and the development
of American nationalism.
SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic
growth, its regional and national impact in the first half
of the 19th century, and the different responses to it.
a. Explain
the impact of the Industrial Revolution as
seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin
and his development of interchangeable parts
for muskets.
Industrial Revolution
Refers to a change from hand and home
production to machine and factory. The first
industrial revolution was important for the
inventions of spinning and weaving machines
operated by water power which was eventually
replaced by steam. This helped increase
America’s growth. However, the industrial
revolution truly changed American society and
economy into a modern urban-industrial state.
Impact of Eli Whitney’s invention of
the cotton gin and his development
of interchangeable parts for
muskets (guns)
In 1794, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin which
made the separation of cotton seeds from fiber much
faster. The South increased its cotton supply sending
raw cotton north to be used in the manufacture of
cloth. Francis C. Lowell increased the efficiency in the
manufacture of cloth by bringing spinning and weaving
processes together into one factory. This led to the
development of the textile industry throughout New
England.
• The price of tobacco
fell in the early
1800’s which
caused many to
believe that slavery
and the plantation
based agriculture
would soon vanish
• Cotton was grown
in the South, but the
process of
removing the seeds
was too hard and
yielded very little
product.
The cotton gin
• Eli Whitney
• Made it easier
to separate
(gin) the seed
from short
staple cotton
bolls
The impact of the Cotton Gin on
the Amount of Cotton Grown in
the South?
6000
5000
4000
1830
1859
3000
2000
1000
0
bales
It Increased
The Slave System
• As cotton grew in
the South, so did
the need for
slaves.
• In 1790 there were
½ million slaves
• In 1860 there were
4 million slaves
Eli Whitney came up with the idea to use
interchangeable parts in 1798 to make
muskets. If standard parts were made by
machine, then they could be assembled at the
end much more quickly than before. This
became an important part of American industry
and the Second Industrial Revolution.
SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of
economic growth, its regional and national
impact in the first half of the 19th century, and
the different responses to it.
b. Describe the westward growth of the United
States; include the emerging concept of
Manifest Destiny.
Manifest Destiny
The 19th Century belief that
the U.S. would inevitably
expand to the Pacific
Ocean and into Mexican
territory.
“From sea to shining sea, it
is your Manifest Destiny”
fest Destiny: “From sea
Manifest Destiny was based
on three beliefs
1. The Nation needed more land
for its rapidly growing population
2. Americans could bring economic
growth and democracy to places
where it never existed before
3. Expansion was blessed by god
because it was morally right
Reasons why people moved
to the west
1. Claim land for farming and land speculation
2. Find new markets for manufactured goods and
services.
3. Provide more living space for millions of
Americans
4. Locate harbors that could be used to expand
trade with China.
5. Seek Employment and avoid creditors after the
Panic of 1837.
6. Spread the virtues of democracy
SSUSH7 Students will explain the
process of economic growth, its regional
and national impact in the first half of the
19th century, and the different responses
to it.
c. Describe reform movements,
specifically temperance, abolitionism,
and public school.
Reformers-out to change popular culture
• People in general begin to
question the status quo or the
way things are
• “Why can’t we reform/change
society and make it better?” is
their cry
• Women especially, begin to
question their and other’s
place in society and lack of
equality, freedom, and
humane treatment
The Seneca Falls Convention 1848
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organize
the first American women's rights convention in
Seneca Falls New York
• They issue a Doctrine of Sentiments at the end of the
convention that stated all men and women are
created equal and calls for female suffrage
• Susan Anthony –
eventually becomes
the leader of the
women's movement
and helps get laws
passed
protecting
women such as …..
Laws such as….
• Married women
can hold property
• Women can
collect their own
wages
• Women can sue
in court
• Women can enter
into contracts
You’ve
come a
long way,
baby!
• Reformers believe that people do
bad things because they were not
taught to do differently, or lived in
bad conditions.
• Many reformers like Horace
Mann believed lack of education
kept the poor poorer and made
the rich richer.
• Reformers wanted to equalize the
Public
playing field with free mandatory
Education
public education
Reform
• Girls’ schools begin opening in
1821
Movement
• In 1852, Massachusetts becomes
the first state to require children
to go to school
Temperance
Movement
• Many people believed
that the use of alcohol
leads to poor health,
crime, and other social
problems
• They tried to outlaw
alcohol and eventually
do in the 1900’s for a
brief period
• Carrie Nation
Mental Illness Reform
“Man is not made
better by being
degraded; he is
seldom restrained
from crime by harsh
measures, except the
principle of fear
predominates in his
character; and then he
is never made whole”
• Dorothea Dix realized that the
mentally ill were housed in the
prisons of the time in shocking
conditions
• She crusaded to have these
people placed in asylums
where they could receive
proper medical treatment in a
more humane manner
Influential
Abolitionists
against
Slavery
• William Lloyd Garrisonthe editor of the radical
abolitionist newspaper,
The Liberator
• One of the founders of
the American AntiSlavery Society
• He promoted/wanted
"immediate
emancipation" of slaves
in the United States.
• Grimke sisters• Born on a plantation and
came to hate slavery
• Quakers and the first
women to act publicly in
a social reform
movement, they
received abuse and
ridicule for their
abolitionist activity
• The Underground RailroadAbolitionists worked together to set
up secret routes for slaves to escape
to freedom
• Harriet Tubman led slaves to
Freedom on the underground
Railroad
• Frederick Douglas, an escaped
slave, wrote books about slavery and
was the head of the Massachusetts
Abolitionist Society.
• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle
Tom's Cabin. Helped turn people
against slavery
• People began to politically advocate
or ask for an end to slavery in the
U.S.
FD says
“Slaver
y is
wrong”
Abolitionagainst slavery
SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of
economic growth, its regional and national
impact in the first half of the 19th century, and
the different responses to it.
e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy,
expanding suffrage, the rise of popular
political culture, and the development of
American nationalism.
Jacksonian Democracy
Led by President Andrew Jackson, this
movement championed greater rights
for the common man and was opposed
to any signs of aristocracy in the nation.
Jacksonian democracy was the strong
spirit of equality among the people of
the newer settlements in the South and
West. It was also aided by the extension
of the vote in eastern states to men
without property; in the early days of the
United States, many places had allowed
only male property owners to vote.