97% of Kingdom
Animalia

Characteristics

Heterotrophic

Eukaryotic cells with specialized functions
 no cell walls
 well organized cells, tissues, organs, systems

Characteristics

Body symmetry (3 kinds)

Sense organs - cephalization
(concentrated in head)

Body cavity

Embryos that develop in layers
(page 661)

Body Symmetry

Radial
–may planes can divide into equal halves

Body Symmetry

Bilateral
–one plane can divide into equal halves

Body Symmetry

Asymmetry
–no symmetry

Sponges and Cnidarians
Worms and Mollusks
Arthropods and
Echinoderms

Essential Functions

Feeding
–Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, Symbiotic relationships

Essential Functions

Excretion
–elimination of ammonia

Respiration
–take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide

Essential Functions

Circulation
–transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and from cells

Essential Functions

Response
–nervous system, nerve cells, receptors that respond to stimuli

Reproduction
–Sexual or Asexual
–Internal/External fertilization

Essential Functions

Movement
–muscle contraction, support skeleton

Graphic Organizer of your choice

Vertebrates

Characteristics

Heterotrophic

Eukaryotic cells w/ specialized functions, no cell walls
 well organized cells, tissues, organs, systems

Bilateral symmetry

Characteristics

Sense organs - cephalization

Vertebral column, backbone
 dorsal, hollow nerve cord
 endoskeleton

Phylum Chordata

Non-vertebrate Chordates

Has all characteristics of other
Chordates
 however it has a

Notochord instead of a backbone

Non-vertebrate Chordates

Examples: page 769-770
–Tunicates
–Lancelets

Essential Functions

Ectothermic - page 800
–Rely on behavior
–cold-blooded

Endothermic – page 808
–generate their own heat
–warm-blooded

Ectotherms Endotherms

Fishes
 amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Feeding

All Have Complex Digestive systems

Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites

Respiration

Gills

Skin

Air Sacs

Lungs
–Specialized muscles

Circulation

All Closed systems

3 or 4 chambered heart

Single or double loop

Excretion

Kidneys

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Cloaca

Anus

Response

Brain

Well developed, Complex
Nervous systems

Well developed senses

Movement
 skeleton and muscles work together

Fins

Flippers

Limbs

Wings

Reproduction

Mostly Internal Fertilization

Oviparous – Eggs hatch

Ovoviviparous – Eggs in mom, then live born

Viviparous - Live born young

All Have Complex
Digestive systems

Fish

Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites

Pyloric ceca- page 774

Fish Worksheet

Amphibians

Filter feeders, Carnivores

Cloaca – page 784

Frog Worksheet

Reptiles

Herbivores, Carnivores

Adapted to type of food they consume

Reptiles

Birds

Beak adaptations

Crop and Gizzard- page 809

Bird

Mammals

Specialized teeth and jaws

Adapted to type of food they consume

Mammals

Respiration

Gills

Skin

Air Sacs

Lungs
–Specialized chest muscles

Fish - Gills

Frog – skin & lungs

Gills & Skin

Reptiles – Lungs, chest muscles

Birds

One way airflow
 air sacs
 breathing tubes
 lungs
 out

Bird – page 810

Mammals - Lungs, chest muscles

Mammals

Circulation

All Closed systems

3 or 4 chambered heart

Single or double loop

Fish - 4 part, single loop

Frog – 3 chambers, double loop

Reptiles – 3 or 4 chambers, double loop

Bird- 4 chambers double loop

Mammals – 4, double loop

Excretion

Kidneys

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Cloaca

Anus

Fish – kidneys, anus, gills

Frog – kidneys, ureters, cloaca

Reptiles – kidneys, bladder, cloaca, uric acid

Bird – kidneys, cloaca, uric acid

Mammals – highly developed
Kidneys, bladder, anus

Response

Brain

Well developed, Complex
Nervous systems

Well developed senses

Fish-lateral line system

Frog – tympanic membrane

Reptiles- complex eyes, good sense of smell, simple ears

Bird – well developed eyes & hearing, Brain coordinates flight

Mammals

3 part brain

Cerebral Cortex
–center of thinking
 excellent senses

Mammals

Movement
 skeleton and muscles work together

Fins

Flippers

Limbs

Wings

Fish –fins, swim bladder

Frog – 4 limbs

Reptiles – 4 limbs, flippers, s-curve movement

Snake Movement

Bird – wings, legs, light weight frame, large chest muscles

Mammals – Limb adaptations

Reproduction

Mostly Internal Fertilization

Oviparous – Eggs hatch

Ovoviviparous – Eggs in mom, then live born

Viviparous - Live born young

Fish- both, all 3

Frog – external only, oviparous, eggs in water, metamorphosis

Reptiles – Internal (cloaca),
Oviparous, Amniotic Eggs

Bird – Same as reptiles

Mammals - Internal


Monotremes - egg laying mammals (examples: echidnas, platypus)


Marsupials - babies develop in a pouch
–kangaroo
–opossum
–koalas


Placental - embryo grows in a uterus for a specific amount of time (gestation period)