Touchbase 33:
• Support for slavery in the Southern states was based
on all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A. Most White families owned slaves
B. Slaveholders believed that slaves were inferior and required
White guardianship
C. Slavery was condoned in the Bible
D. White plantation owners feared abolition would destroy the
South’s economy
E. Poor white farmers feared the economic competition of four
million freed persons
Northern merchants benefit from this export business. They are
the “middle men” who make huge profits from shipping the cotton
to England.
80% of England’s cotton came from the South by 1850.
The South mistakenly thought that Britain was dependent on
them.
Missouri Compromise
Nullification Crisis 1832
Wilmot Proviso - suggested during Mexican American War
Compromise of 1850 - California statehood prompted it
Thirteenth Administration
popular sovereignty
Fugitive Slave Act and Resistance:
- Underground Railroad and Harriet
Tubman
- personal liberty laws
- Harriet Beecher Stowe writes
Uncle Tom’s Cabin in response to
this Act.
- Lincoln to Stowe: “So you’re the
little woman who wrote the book that
made this great war.”
Stephen Douglas
• power behind
Compromise of 1850
• author of KansasNebraska Act
• believer in popular
sovereignty
• weakens and
polarizes his own
party and leads to the
demise of the Whig
Party
Bleeding Kansas
• race for possession of
Kansas as “free soil or
“slave state”
• most of settlers “free
soil” but “border
ruffians” illegally vote
• Lecompton v Topeka
• the “Sack of
Lawrence” is followed
by John Brown’s
“Pottawatomie
Massacre”
Touchbase 34:
• The Southern economy before the Civil War
increasingly
A. diversified, with more industry and more mechanized
agriculture
B. produced more cotton and other crops, but did not develop
much industry
C. depended on migrant labor
D. produced tobacco and sugar rather than cotton
E. depended on the North for raw materials
Fourteenth Administration
• divisions in Whig Party allow
Pierce to be elected for
Democrats in 1852
• Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
destroyed Whigs (prosovereignty vs. free-soil)
• Republican Party forms 1854
• Democratic Party begins to
split (pro-sovereignty vs. proslavery)
Fifteenth Administration
• James Buchanan wins due to
division of Know-Nothings and
adolescence of Republican Party
Dred Scott v.
Sanford
Blacks are not
citizens and have no
rights
The Missouri
Compromise is
unconstitutional b/c
it interferes with a
slaveholder’s right
to hold property
LincolnDouglas
Debates
-1858 race
for US
Senate in
Illinois
Harper’s Ferry
• John Brown becomes a
martyr to many in north
• “The gallows became a
cross”
• equally extreme reaction
in south
Buchanan does
nothing as South
Carolina,
Mississippi,
Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and
Texas all secede
Touchbase 35:
• The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the
following positions on slavery?
A. Residents of territories could decide on the basis of popular
sovereignty whether to have slavery
B. Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be
extended into territories or new states
C. The federal government should abolish slavery
D. The federal government should purchase slaves from their
masters and relocate them to the west coast of Africa
E. Slavery was a state issue, and the federal government
should play no role in its regulation
Review & Recall:
• List the presidents in
order from 1 to 16.
• List the main events
revolving around
Texas and the war
with Mexico (in
chronological order).
• List the main events
leading to increased
sectional tensions
and the Civil War,
starting with the
Missouri
Compromise.
• List all the political
parties that emerged
in the 1840s and
1850s. Identify their
main platform.
• Identify:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Wilmot Proviso
popular sovereignty
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Beecher Stowe
John Brown
Dred Scott
Santa Anna
Austin
Houston
54, 40 or fight!
• Which president?
– Took the US to war with
Mexico?
– Annexed Texas?
– Was a hero of the
Mexican-American War?
– Was in power during the
Compromise of 1850?
– Was in power during the
Kansas-Nebraska Act?
– Was in power when South
Carolina seceded?
Touchbase 36:
• The most divisive and controversial aspect of
the slavery issue during the first half of the
nineteenth century was the
A.status of slavery in the District of Columbia
B.right of abolitionists to send their literature through
the mail
C.enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act
D.status of slavery in the territories
E.prohibition of the international slave trade
Why did the South secede?
• alarmed by the tipping of political power
against them
• dismayed by the triumph of the new sectional
Northern party (Republican Party)
• weary of abolitionist nagging
• thought their departure would be unopposed
– Northern manufacturers too dependent on
money from shipping Southern cotton to
start a war
• wanted to develop their own banking and
shipping
• hated high tariffs
• principle of self-determination and nullification
– Union as a compact of sovereign states
• “The War for Southern Independence”
“My paramount object in
this struggle is to save
the Union, and is not
either to save or to
destroy slavery.” Lincoln 1862
Lincoln believed the
Framers had created a
“perpetual Union” therefore secession was
not legal, so the South
was in a state of
rebellion.
Lincoln needed a pretext for war.
Importance of
Border States
• Lincoln said, “I hope to have God
on my side, but I have to have
Kentucky.”
• Border states were slave states but had economic importance and
military strategic value.
• Lincoln did everything to keep the
border states on the side of the
Union.
– War not about freeing slaves
– Suspended civil liberties in these
states to jail opponents
Northern Strengths/
Weaknesses:
-had to do a lot more to win
- had to conquer the south
-Better leadership with
Lincoln
-Poorer military generals
-More resources and men
-Controlled the sea
-Britain needed their wheat
South: - had an easier military strategy - maintain status quo
-excellent generals, poor leadership by Jefferson Davis
-Not enough resources nor men, no Britain, didn’t use black men
Britain found
other
sources of
cotton.
However,
Britain did
suffer bad
wheat
harvests
during the
1860s and
came to
depend on
northern
food
exports.
Ulysses
S. Grant
in the
West
General
McClella
n in the
East
General
Farragut
in South
Vs.
Lee and
Jackson
Touchbase 37:
• The most controversial and divisive component of the
Compromise of 1850 was the
A. Measure’s endorsement of popular sovereignty
B. Admittance of Missouri as a slave state
C. Passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act
D. Admittance of Texas as a slave state
E. Legislation permitted the surveying of a southern
transcontinental railway line
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Lincoln’s motives
– Destroy South’s ability
to make war
– Keep England out of
the war
– Give the North the
moral upper-hand
Wartime Economies
• North = booming, war
profiteering
• South = hurting
• inflation in both, more in
South
• gold standard v. green
backs
• greenbacks in the north
were inadequately backed
by gold, leading to small
amounts of inflation
• North and South sold
bonds to raise money
• North = income tax
Lincoln’s Wartime Suspension of
Civil Liberties
• made decisions without support of Congress
– declared a blockade on South
– increased the size of the federal army
– approved giving federal money to private citizens for military
purposes
• suspended habeas corpus
– to arrest anti-Unionists without reason
– ignored Taney’s ruling that doing this was unconstitutional
• arranged “supervised” voting in the Border States
• suspension of certain newspapers and arrest of their
editors
• draft riots