Karate Dojo App Project
©2012, IMJava Mobile
Hello,
Thank you for downloading this karate dojo app project file.
Please replace the contents with yours and send the file back to me.
Feel free to reach me : info@imjava.com
Best regards,
Budi Santoso
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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What’s Splash Screen?
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Splash screens are typically used by particularly large applications to
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A splash screen disappears when the application's main window
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The purpose of a splash screen is to give the user an indication that
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load your app. People don’t like waiting, especially in a mobile
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Splash Screens are a common feature of many apps. They’re a nice
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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Header
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 Welcome
 Instructors
 Schedule
 Dojo Location
 Etiquette
 FAQ
1.Home
@2012
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1.1.Welcome
WELCOME
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Welcome to our "Sample Karate Dojo".
Our goal is to introduce all practitioners,
regardless of age or gender, to the
traditional teachings of Japanese Karate.
Our commitment is to assist in the
development of our members to their full
potential. We acknowledge that members
are individuals with personal goals and
may wish to train to become competitive
athletes, for fitness and well-being, or to
simply learn some self-defence. All ages
and experience levels are therefore
welcomed to the dojo, where training is done in a safe and
supportive environment.
We take pride in the fact that we maintain the respect, tradition,
discipline and dedication to remain true to the teachings of the
old masters and their ways in a world where it is very easy to
forget them.
By attaining proficiency in the "Sample Karate Dojo" students
gain the self confidence and assurance to protect themselves in
many situations, and therefore may well find it un-necessary to
fight.
Our teaching is based on the principle that the martial arts, in
their truest form, were never intended to be used in an
offensive way, rather it is to be used as a last resort, in self
defense, or in defense of someone who cannot defend
themselves.
We have been in existence since 2000 at our present location,
and our instructors have a combined experience level of almost
20 years.
Our doors are always open to visitors. Please feel free to stop
in and say "Hi.."
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INSTRUCTORS
Sensei Jhon Doe Jr.
Began karate training in 1980 in Kyokushinkai in
1985.
Gained his 1st Dan in March 1985 and was
awarded his current 6th Dan Sep. 2010 by
Sensei Jhon Doe Sr.
Now a Senior member of the Head Instructors
and Technical committee of the I.S.K.
Key focus is on the fundamentals of basics training with particular
interest in the practice of Kata (forms), not only of the Shotokan
system but also of other traditional karate systems and martial arts
disciplines.
Currently running both junior and adult classes on Sunday and
Tuesday evenings at ABC Hall, Liberty Road.
Member of the Board of Instructors.
email : jhondoejr@ourdojo.com
mobile : 555-123-4567
Sensei Jane Doe Jr.
Began karate training in 1990 in Kyokushinkai in
1995.
Gained his 1st Dan in March 1985 and was
awarded his current 6th Dan Sep. 2010 by
Sensei Jhon Doe Sr.
Now a Senior member of the Head Instructors
and Technical committee of the I.S.K.
Key focus is on the fundamentals of basics training with particular
interest in the practice of Kata (forms), not only of the Shotokan
system but also of other traditional karate systems and martial arts
disciplines.
1.2.Instructors
INSTRUCTORS
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Currently running both junior and adult classes on Sunday and
Tuesday evenings at ABC Hall, Liberty Road.
Member of the Board of Instructors.
email : janedoejr@ourdojo.com
mobile : 666-123-4567
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1.3.Schedule
SCHEDULE
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SCHEDULE
ABC Building :
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TUE & THU : 07:30 - 09:30 PM
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SUN : 07:30 - 09:30 AM
City Hall :

WED & FRI : 07:30 - 09:30 PM
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SUN : 07:30 - 09:30 AM
Liberty Hall :

THU & SAT : 07:30 - 09:30 PM

SUN : 07:30 - 09:30 AM
Please come 15 minutes before class begins.
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 Dojo 1 – ABC Building
Long: 40o 41’ 20.54”
Lat : 74o 02’ 37.13”
Description : This is our HQ Dojo

Dojo 2 – City Hall
Long :
Lat :
Description : This is our branch dojo

Dojo 3 – Liberty Hall
Long :
Lat :
Description : This is our branch dojo
1.4 Dojo Location
@2012
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DOJO ETIQUETTE
The word dojo literally means ‘Place of the way' or ‘Training
room'.
The dojo is considered to be a very special
place and should be treated with respect.
To uphold the tradition of karate-do there
are rules of conduct and standards of
etiquette which we follow.
1. When entering or leaving the dojo, stand
in the doorway, face the front, bow and say
"osu". This represents a mark or respect for
the Dojo and the people in it.
2. When late to class, kneel at the side of the class towards the
back, facing away in seiza (formal kneeling position). When
acknowledged, remain in seiza and bow, saying "shitsurei
shimasu" (excuse me for being late). Stand, turn to the front of
the dojo and bow once again with a strong Osu, and quickly join
the back of the class.
3. Always address the instructor and seniors by their proper title
(sempai, sensei, shihan) inside the dojo. Acknowledge them
with a loud "osu" when they speak to you.
4. Always move quickly in class when intructed to do
something. Do not stroll.
5. Do not practise kumite unless instructed to do so.
6. Do not break rank for any reason, without asking permission
from the instructor. If you must leave your position, do not walk
between the instructor and the class. Walk behind the row you
are in to either side and proceed from there.
7. All directions, by instructor, should be obeyed in the dojo,
without question. You will not be asked to do anything that your
instructor has not done him/herself already. If you cannot keep
up, do the best you can.
8. Your training should be a serious matter. Do not laugh,
giggle, talk or cause disruption during the class.
9. During the break: No sitting on chairs, leaning against the
1.5 Etiquette
DOJO ETIQUETTE
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wall or lying down. Do some training rather than waste time.
10. Your karate-gi must be neat and washed clean at all times.
Your belt should never be washed, only aired dry. It
symbolically contains the spirit of your hard training, and under
no circumstances are male karatekas allowed to wear t-shirts or
other clothing underneath their karate-gi.
11. Do not eat, chew gum, smoke or drink in the dojo.
12. Be sure to go to the toilet prior to training. An accidental
blow to a full bladder can be extremely dangerous.
13. For the sake of safety and neatness, do not wear jewelry
during training or when you are wearing your dogi.
14. It is everyone's responsibility to ensure the dojo is clean,
tidy and safe at all times.
15. Keep fingernails and toenails short and clean.
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F.A.Q
What are the benefits of learning Karate?
No matter your age or skill level, karate is a discipline that will
exercise the body and mind, improve balance, flexibility,
endurance, and strength, and build self-confidence, focus, and
safety skills.
Who takes Karate?
Men, women, and children of all ages take karate. Our classes
are divided by age and skill level, so beginner or advanced,
man or woman, be assured that you will be paired with fellow
students taking the same journey as you.
Is my child too young to start karate?
We only enroll children who are 7 years old and up.
Am I too old to start Karate?
Absolutely not. Anyone, at any age, can benefit from starting
karate. Training is an individual pursuit and a gradual process
based on your own abilities. Whether simply participating for
the fitness component or looking to master the art, it is never
too late.
Do I need to have prior martial arts experience to train?
No. We welcome adults with no previous martial arts training.
How many classes per week can I attend?
We currently offer three class opportunities per week. You can
take as many classes as you wish at the same monthly
membership fee.
How long is a class?
Children classes run for 60 minutes. Adult classes are 120
minutes long.
How much do karate classes cost?
One thing that sets us apart from other karate dojos is that we
are up front about our rates. Enrollment is $50.00 for a single
member or $100.00 for a family membership. Monthly dues
are $50/month and includes unlimited classes and a uniform.
What equipment will I need?
To begin, all you will need is a loose fitting karate uniform called
a Gi. The Gi is supplied free when you enroll in our karate
program. Additional protective sparring equipment may be
1.6 FAQ
F.A.Q
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needed if you plan to spar.
Can I or my child try out a class before I sign up?
Absolutely! In fact, we encourage you to do so. We have
always offered a free introductory class so that you can
experience first-hand what studying karate is all about. Our
regular students are always respectful and welcome anyone
new. After that initial lesson, we're confident that you'll see how
much fun it is and that you'll feel that unique sense of
accomplishment that comes from studying karate. Of course,
parents are always welcome to just sit and watch their child
participate.
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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 Gallery
 Games
 Glossary
 Youtube Channel
 Facebook
 Twitter
 Free Offers
2. Resources
@2012
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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 Videos
 Photos
2.1 Gallery
@2012
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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 Dojo Kun
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

Stances
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

Punches
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

Chokuzi – Straight Punch
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

Maegeri
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

Kata Pinan Sono 1,2,3,4,5
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

Kumite Techniques
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......

5 Exercises For Kids @Home
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......
2.1.1 Video
@2012
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2.1.1.1 Dojo Kun
DOJO KUN
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DOJO KUN
Youtube link : http://youtube.com/......
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2.1.2 Photo
Photo
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Photo1 :
Desctiption : Students from Mount Airy karate studio
medal at Junior Olympics
Photo2 :
Description : ………(max. 60 characters)
Photo3 :
Description : ………(max. 60 characters)
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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 Puzzle
 Memory
2.2 Games
@2012
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
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
The image should be 500x500 pixel
2.2.1 Puzzle
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
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
There should be 8 different images.

Each image resolution should be 250x250 pixel
2.2.2 Memory
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with white background.
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GLOSSARY
Numbers
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One
Rising Block
Ashibarai
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Bari-Bari
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Continuous Punches Alternating
Hands
Bō
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Staff
Ichi
Ni
San
Shi
Go
Roku
Shichi
Hachi
Ku
Jū
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten
General
Age-Uke
Age-Zuki
Aiuchi
Aka
Byōbudaoshi
Chūdan
Dan
Dōjō
Enpi
Fudō-Dachi
Fumikomi
Gedan
Rising Punch
Clash
Red
Foot Sweep
To Topple A Folding Screen
Middle Body
Black Belt Rank
Training Hall
Elbow Attacks
Immovable Stance
Stamping Kick
Lower Body
2.3 Glossary
GLOSSARY
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Downward Block
Jiyū Kumite
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Jiyū-Ippon
Gumite
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Free One-Time Sparring
Upper Body
Kiba-Dachi
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Kibadachi-Zuki
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Punching
Stance
Kihon
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Basic Training
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Basic One-Time Sparring
Kime
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Maximum Effectiveness/ Focus Of
Techniques
Kōkutsu-Dachi
:
Back Stance
Gedan-Barai
Gohon Gumite
Gyaku-Zuki
Hachiji-Dachi
Haitō
Hajime
Hanmi-Dachi
Heisoku-Dachi
Hikite
Hikiwake
Hiraken
Hizagashira
Ippon
Ippon-Ken
Irimi
Jōdan
Jūji-Uke
Kaette
Kagi-Zuki
Kakato
Kamaete
Kata
Katawaguruma
Keiko Gi
Keri/Geri
Kiai
Kihon
Gumite
Ippon
Five-Time Sparring
Reverse Punch
Open-Leg Stance
Ridge-Hand
Begin
Half-Facing Stance
Close-Leg Stance
Pulling Hand
Draw
Fore-Knuckle Fist
Kneecap
Point
One-Knuckle Fist
Getting Into The Opponent
Free-Style
Cross-Arm Block
Pivot/Assume Opposite Direction
Hook Punch
Heel
Assume Stance
Formal Exercise/Forms
Half Wheel
Training Uniform
Kicks
Vocal Expulsion Of Air
Horse Riding Stance
With
Horse
Riding
Komanage
Kubiwa
Kumite
Kyū
Ma
Maeashi-Geri
Maeashi-Kekomi
Mae-Geri
Maete
Makiwara
Mawashi-Geri
Mikazuki-Geri
Mō Ichido
Mokusō
Morote-Uke
Morote-Zuki
Nagewaza
Nakadaka-Ken
Nekoashi-Dachi
Nidan-Geri
Nihon-Nukite
Nukite
Obi
Oi-Zuki
Rei
Renzoku Waza
Renzoku-Geri
Renzoku-Zuki
Sakatsuchi
Sanbon Gumite
Seiken
Sensei
Shiai
Shihan
Shinpan
Shiro
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Spinning Top
Encircle The Neck
Sparring
White/Brown Belt Rank
Distance, Timing
Front Kick With Front Leg
Front-Thrust Kick
Front Kick
Jab
Punching Board
Round Kick
Crescent Kick
One More Time
Meditation
Two-Hand Block
Double Punch
Throwing Techniques
Middle Finger/Knuckle Fist
Cat Stance
Double Front Kick
Two-Finger Spear-Hand
Spear-Hand
Training Uniform Belt
Lunge Punch
Bow
Continuous Techniques
Continuous Kicks
Continuous Punching Attacks
To Hammer Upside Down
Three-Time Sparring
Fore-Fist
Instructor
Match
Head Instructor/Master Instructor
Referee
White
Natural Stance
Tachikata
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Tanden
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Breathing
Abdomen
Taniotoshi
To Push Off A Cliff
Waza Ari
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Waza
Ari
Awasete Ippon
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Two Half-Points Equal One Point
Yame
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Stop
Shizentai
Shōbu Ippon
Shutō-Uchi
Shutō-Uke
Soko Made
Sokutō
Te Waza
Teishō
Teishō-Uke
Tetsui-Uchi
Tetsui-Uke
Tobi-Geri
Tobikomi
Tobi-Yokogeri
Tori
Torimasen
Torite
Tsubamegaeshi
Tsuzukete
Uchi Waza
Ude-Uke
Udewa
Uke
Ukemi
Uraken-Uchi
Ushiro-Geri
Yaridama
Yasume
Yōi
One Point Match
Knife-Hand Strike
Knife-Hand Block
End Of Match
Foot Edge
Standing Forms:
Center
In
Lower
Hand Techniques
Palm-Heel
Palm-Heel Block
Bottom-Fist Strike
Hammer Block
Flying Front Kick
Jumping-In Attack
Flying Side-Thrust Kick
Performer Of The Technique
I Award No Point
Escape Techniques
‘V’ Turning Swallow
Continue
Striking Techniques
Forearm Block
To Encircle With The Arm
Receiver Of The Technique
Falling Techniques
Back-Fist Strike
Rear Kick
Half-Point
To Spear A Ball
At Ease
Get Ready
Yokogeri-Keage
:
Side-Up Kick
YokogeriKekomi
:
Side-Thrust Kick
Zenkutsu-Dachi
:
Front Stance
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2.4 Youtube Channel
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Youtube channel links : http://...
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2.5 Facebook Fanpage
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Facebook fanpage links : http://...
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2.6 Twitter
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Twitter links : http://...
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KARATE DOJO APP PROJECT
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 What is Karate
 History
 Practice
 Philosophy
 Etymology
 Its Influence Outside Japan
 Film Actors
3.Karate
@2012
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3.1 What is Karate
WHAT IS KARATE
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WHAT IS KARATE
Karate (空手) is a martial art
developed in the Ryukyu Islands
in what is now Okinawa, Japan. It
was developed partially from
indigenous
fighting
methods
called te (手, literally "hand"; Tii in
Okinawan) and from Chinese
kenpō.
Karate is a striking art using
punching, kicking, knee and
elbow strikes, and open-handed
techniques such as knife-hands.
Grappling,
locks,
restraints,
throws, and vital point strikes are taught in some styles.
A karate practitioner is called a
karateka (空手家). There are
several different styles of karate,
most of them stemming from the
same genealogical tree, and
some others acquiring the name
"karate" for practical reasons
while actually deriving from a mix
of
other
martial
arts.
Each style of karate stresses some techniques more than
others, or has some differences in performing the same
techniques from what other styles do. However, most karate
schools and styles adhere to the same basic principles, and
use the same basic attire, stances and terminology.
Karate was possibly developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to
its 19th-century annexation by Japan, but there is no historical
proof that karate (Okinawan te or karate-jutsu) was
systematically taught in Japan before the Taisho era (prior to
1912). It was brought to the Japanese mainland in the early
20th century during a time of cultural exchanges between the
Japanese
and
the
Ryukyuans.
In 1922, the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin
Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration. In 1924
Keio University established the first university karate club in
Japan and by 1932, major Japanese universities had karate
clubs. In this era of escalating Japanese militarism, the name
was changed from 唐手 ("Chinese hand" or "Tang hand"
verbatim, as the name of the Tang dynasty was a synonym to
China in Okinawa) to 空手 ("empty hand") – both of which are
pronounced karate – to indicate that the Japanese wished to
develop
the
combat
form
in
Japanese
style.
After the Second World War, Okinawa became an important
United States military site and karate became popular among
servicemen
stationed
there.
The martial arts movies of the 1960s and 1970s served to
greatly increase its popularity and the word "karate" began to
be used in a generic way to refer to all striking-based Oriental
martial arts. Karate schools began appearing across the world,
catering to those with casual interest as well as those seeking a
deeper
study
of
the
art.
Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan Dojo, opined "that
the majority of followers of karate in overseas countries pursue
karate only for its fighting techniques...Movies and
television...depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting
capable of causing death or injury with a single blow...the mass
media present a pseudo art far from the real thing."
Shoshin Nagamine said "Karate may be considered as the
conflict within oneself or as a life-long marathon which can be
won only through self-discipline, hard training and one's own
creative
efforts."
For many practitioners, karate is a deeply philosophical
practice. Karate-do teaches ethical principles and can have
spiritual significance to its adherents. Gichin Funakoshi ("Father
of Modern Karate") titled his autobiography Karate-Do: My Way
of Life in recognition of the transforming nature of karate study.
Today karate is practiced for self-perfection, for cultural
reasons,
for
self-defense
and
as
a
sport.
In 2009, in the 121th IOC (International Olympic Committee)
voting, karate did not receive the necessary two-thirds majority
vote to become an Olympic sport. Web Japan (sponsored by
the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) claims there are 50
million karate practitioners worldwide and the WKF claims there
are 100 million practitioners.
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 Okinawa
 Japan
3.2 History
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OKINAWA
Karate began as a common
fighting system known as te
(Okinawan: ti) among the Pechin
class of the Ryukyuans. After
trade relationships were
established with the Ming
dynasty of China by King Satto
of Chūzan in 1372, some forms
of Chinese martial arts were
introduced to the Ryukyu Islands by the visitors from China,
particularly Fujian Province.
A large group of Chinese families moved to Okinawa around
1392 for the purpose of cultural exchange, where they
established the community of Kumemura and shared their
knowledge of a wide variety of Chinese arts and sciences,
including the Chinese martial arts.
The political centralization of Okinawa by King Shō Hashi in
1429 and the policy of banning weapons, enforced in Okinawa
after the invasion of the Shimazu clan in 1609, are also factors
that furthered the development of unarmed combat techniques
in Okinawa.
There were few formal styles of te, but rather many
practitioners with their own methods. One surviving example is
the Motobu-ryū school passed down from the Motobu family by
Seikichi Uehara. Early styles of karate are often generalized as
Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, named after the three cities
from which they emerged.
Each area and its teachers had particular kata, techniques, and
principles that distinguished their local version of te from the
others.
Members of the Okinawan upper classes were sent to China
regularly to study various political and practical disciplines. The
incorporation of empty-handed Chinese Kung Fu into Okinawan
martial arts occurred partly because of these exchanges and
partly because of growing legal restrictions on the use of
weaponry.
Traditional karate kata bear a strong resemblance to the forms
found in Fujian martial arts such as Fujian White Crane, Five
Ancestors, and Gangrou-quan (Hard Soft Fist; pronounced
3.2.1 Okinawa
OKINAWA
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"Gōjūken" in Japanese). Many Okinawan weapons such as the
sai, tonfa, and nunchaku may have originated in and around
Southeast Asia.
Sakukawa Kanga (1782–1838) had studied pugilism and staff
(bo) fighting in China (according to one legend, under the
guidance of Kosokun, originator of kusanku kata). In 1806 he
started teaching a fighting art in the city of Shuri that he called
"Tudi Sakukawa," which meant "Sakukawa of China Hand."
This was the first known recorded reference to the art of "Tudi,"
written as 唐手.
Around the 1820s Sakukawa's most significant student
Matsumura Sōkon (1809–1899) taught a synthesis of te (Shurite and Tomari-te) and Shaolin (Chinese 少林) styles.
Matsumura's style would later become the Shōrin-ryū style.
Matsumura taught his art to
Itosu Ankō (1831–1915)
among others. Itosu adapted
two forms he had learned from
Matsumara. These are
kusanku and chiang
nan[citation needed]. He
created the ping'an forms
("heian" or "pinan" in
Japanese) which are simplified
kata for beginning students. In
1901 Itosu helped to get
karate introduced into
Okinawa's public schools.
These forms were taught to children at the elementary school
level. Itosu's influence in karate is broad. The forms he created
are common across nearly all styles of karate. His students
became some of the most well known karate masters, including
Gichin Funakoshi, Kenwa Mabuni, and Motobu Chōki. Itosu is
sometimes referred to as "the Grandfather of Modern Karate."
In 1881 Higaonna Kanryō returned from China after years of
instruction with Ryu Ryu Ko and founded what would become
Naha-te. One of his students was the founder of Gojū-ryū,
Chōjun Miyagi. Chōjun Miyagi taught such well-known karateka
as Seko Higa (who also trained with Higaonna), Meitoku Yagi,
Miyazato Ei'ichi, and Seikichi Toguchi, and for a very brief time
near the end of his life, An'ichi Miyagi (a teacher claimed by
Morio Higaonna).
In addition to the three early te styles of karate a fourth
Okinawan influence is that of Kanbun Uechi (1877–1948). At
the age of 20 he went to Fuzhou in Fujian Province, China, to
escape Japanese military conscription. While there he studied
under Shushiwa. He was a leading figure of Chinese Nanpa
Shorin-ken at that time.
He later developed his own style of Uechi-ryū karate based on
the Sanchin, Seisan, and Sanseiryu kata that he had studied in
China.
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3.2.2 Japan
JAPAN
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JAPAN
Gichin Funakoshi, founder
of Shotokan karate, is
generally credited with
having introduced and
popularized karate on the
main islands of Japan. In
addition many Okinawans
were actively teaching, and
are thus also responsible
for the development of
karate on the main islands.
Funakoshi was a student of
both Asato Ankō and Itosu Ankō (who had worked to introduce
karate to the Okinawa Prefectural School System in 1902).
During this time period, prominent teachers who also influenced
the spread of karate in Japan included Kenwa Mabuni, Chōjun
Miyagi, Motobu Chōki, Kanken Tōyama, and Kanbun Uechi.
This was a turbulent period in the history of the region. It
includes Japan's annexation of the Okinawan island group in
1872, the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), the RussoJapanese War (1904–1905), the annexation of Korea, and the
rise of Japanese militarism (1905–1945).
Japan was invading China at the time, and Funakoshi knew
that the art of Tang/China hand would not be accepted; thus the
change of the art's name to "way of the empty hand." The dō
suffix implies that karatedō is a path to self-knowledge, not just
a study of the technical
aspects of fighting. Like most
martial arts practiced in Japan,
karate made its transition from
-jutsu to -dō around the
beginning of the 20th century.
The "dō" in "karate-dō" sets it
apart from karate-jutsu, as
aikido is distinguished from
aikijutsu, judo from jujutsu,
kendo from kenjutsu and iaido
from iaijutsu.
Funakoshi changed the names
of many kata and the name of
the art itself (at least on
mainland Japan), doing so to
get karate accepted by the
Japanese budō organization
Dai Nippon Butoku Kai.
Funakoshi also gave Japanese
names to many of the kata. The five pinan forms became
known as heian, the three naihanchi forms became known as
tekki, seisan as hangetsu, Chintō as gankaku, wanshu as empi,
and so on. These were mostly political changes, rather than
changes to the content of the forms, although Funakoshi did
introduce some such changes. Funakoshi had trained in two of
the popular branches of Okinawan karate of the time, Shorinryū and Shōrei-ryū.
In Japan he was influenced by kendo, incorporating some ideas
about distancing and timing into his style. He always referred to
what he taught as simply karate, but in 1936 he built a dojo in
Tokyo and the style he left behind is usually called Shotokan
after this dojo.
The modernization and systemization of karate in Japan also
included the adoption of the white uniform that consisted of the
kimono and the dogi or keikogi—mostly called just karategi—
and colored belt ranks. Both of these innovations were
originated and popularized by Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo
and one of the men Funakoshi consulted in his efforts to
modernize karate.
In 1922, Hironori Otsuka attended the Tokyo Sports Festival,
where he saw Funakoshi's karate. Otsuka was so impressed
with this that he visited Funakoshi many times during his stay.
Funakoshi was, in turn, impressed by Otsuka's enthusiasm and
determination to understand karate, and agreed to teach him. In
the following years, Otsuka set up a medical practice dealing
with martial arts injuries. His prowess in martial arts led him to
become the Chief Instructor of Shindō Yōshin-ryū jujutsu at the
age of 30, and an assistant instructor in Funakoshi's dojo.
By 1929, Otsuka was registered as a member of the Japan
Martial Arts Federation. Okinawan karate at this time was only
concerned with kata. Otsuka thought that the full spirit of budō,
which concentrates on defence and attack, was missing, and
that kata techniques did not work in realistic fighting situations.
He experimented with other, more combative styles such as
judo, kendo, and aikido. He blended the practical and useful
elements of Okinawan karate with traditional Japanese martial
arts techniques from jujitsu and kendo, which led to the birth of
kumite, or free fighting, in karate. Otsuka thought that there was
a need for this more dynamic type of karate to be taught, and
he decided to leave Funakoshi to concentrate on developing his
own style of karate: Wadō-ryū.
In 1934, Wadō-ryū karate was officially recognized as an
independent style of karate. This recognition meant a departure
for Otsuka from his medical practice and the fulfilment of a life's
ambition—to become a full-time martial artist.
Otsuka's personalized style of Karate was officially registered in
1938 after he was awarded the rank of Renshi-go. He
presented a demonstration of Wadō-ryū karate for the Japan
Martial Arts Federation. They were so impressed with his style
and commitment that they acknowledged him as a high-ranking
instructor. The next year the Japan Martial Arts Federation
asked all the different styles to register their names; Otsuka
registered the name Wadō-ryū.
In 1944, Otsuka was appointed Japan's Chief Karate Instructor.
A new form of karate called Kyokushin was formally founded in
1957 by Masutatsu Oyama (who was born a Korean, Choi
Yeong-Eui 최영의). Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of
Shotokan and Gōjū-ryū. It teaches a curriculum that
emphasizes aliveness, physical toughness, and full contact
sparring. Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force
sparring, Kyokushin is now often called "full contact karate", or
"Knockdown karate" (after the name for its competition rules).
Many other karate organizations and styles are descended from
the Kyokushin curriculum.
The World Karate Federation recognizes these styles of karate
in its kata list :
Shōtōkan-ryū,
Shitō-ryū,
Gōjū-ryū,
Wadō-ryū.
The World Union of Karate-do Federations (WUKF) recognizes
these styles of karate in its kata list :
Shōtōkan-ryū,
Shitō-ryū,
Gōjū-ryū,
Wadō-ryū,
Shōrin-ryū,
Uechi-ryū,
Kyokushinkai,
Budōkan.
Many schools would be affiliated with, or heavily influenced by,
one or more of these styles.
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 Kihon
 Kata
 Kumite
 Dojo Kun
 Rank
3.3 Practice
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KIHON
Kihon (基本, きほん) is a Japanese term
meaning "basics" or "fundamentals." The
term is used to refer to the basic
techniques that are taught and practiced
as the foundation of most Japanese
martial
arts.
The practice and mastery of kihon is
essential to all advanced training, and
includes the practice of correct body form
and breathing, while practicing basics
such as stances, punches, kicks, blocks,
and thrusts, but it also includes basic representative kata.
Kihon is not only practicing of techniques, it is also the karateka
fostering the correct spirit and attitude at all times.
Kihon techniques tend to be practiced often, in many cases
during each practice session. They are considered fundamental
to mastery and improvement of all movements of greater
complexity. Kihon in martial arts can be seen as analogous to
basic skills in, for example, basketball. Professional NBA
players continue to practice dribbling, passing, free throws,
jump shots, etc. in an effort to maintain and perfect the more
complex
skills
used
during
a
basketball
game.
Styles of karate differ greatly in the emphasis placed on kihon.
Kihon may be practiced as "floor exercises", where the same
technique or combination is repeated multiple times as the
students move back and forth across the floor. Japanese kihon
training is notorious for extended periods of kihon training. This
style of practice is believed to ingrain the techniques into the
muscle
memory
of
the
karateka.
Some styles employ "kihon kata" in teaching beginners.
Additionally, kihon may take the form of prearranged partner
drills whereby two students face each other and alternate
execution of a technique. This approach combines repetition
with training in distancing. Targets for punching and kicking,
such as bags, shields, or dummies, are generally used at more
advanced stages of kihon training to strengthen muscles,
bones, and skin. Examples of traditional striking targets include
makiwara,
among
many
others.
Some styles have a small set of basic techniques that are
3.3.1 Kihon
KIHON
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practiced consistently every single class. Others might have
scores of techniques that are each only practiced every couple
of months.
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KATA
Kata (形, or more traditionally, 型)
(literally: "form") is a Japanese word
describing detailed patterns of movements
practiced either solo or in pairs. Karate
Kata are executed as a specified series of
a variety of moves, with stepping and
turning, while attempting to maintain
perfect form. The practitioner is counseled
to visualize the enemy attacks and their
responses. Karateka "read" a kata in
order to explain the imagined events.
There are perhaps 100 kata across the
various forms of karate, each with many minor variations.
Teaching
Traditionally, kata are taught in stages. Previously learned kata
are repeated to show better technique or power as a student
acquires knowledge and experience. It is common for students
testing to repeat every kata they have learned but at an
improved level of quality. The student will perform one new kata
and one or two previous ones, to demonstrate how much they
have
progressed.
The various styles of karate study different kata, or variations of
a common core. Some kata may therefore be known by two
names, one in Japanese, the other in Okinawan/Chinese. This
is because Gichin Funakoshi renamed many kata to help
Karate
spread
throughout
Japan.
Symbolism
of
108
in
kata
The number 108 has mythological significance in Dharmic
religions. This number also figures prominently in the
symbolism associated with Karate, particularly the Goju-ryū
discipline. The ultimate Gōjū-ryū kata, Suparinpei, literally
translates to 108. Suparinpei is the Chinese pronunciation of
the number 108, while gojushi of Gojūshiho is the Japanese
pronunciation of the number 54. The other Gōjū-ryū kata,
Sanseru (meaning "36") and Seipai ("18") are factors of the
number
108.
Other Buddhist symbols within Karate include the term karate
itself, the character kara can also be read as ku, which
originates from sunya, positioning at the beginning of kata
resembles the hand position of zazen, and custom of the bow
3.3.2 Kata
KATA
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upon entering and leaving the dojo and meeting the sensei, as
is done in Buddhist temples and Zen dojo.
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KUMITE
Kumite (組手) means sparring,
and is one of the three main
sections of karate training,
along with kata and kihon.
Kumite is the part of karate in
which a person trains against
an adversary, using the
techniques learned from the
kihon and kata.
Kumite can be used to develop a particular technique or a skill
(e.g. effectively judging and adjusting one's distance from one's
opponent) or it can be done in competition.
Gohon Kumite and Jiyu Kumite
Since the word "kumite" refers to forms of sparring, it covers a
vast range of activities. In traditional Shotokan karate, the first
type of kumite for beginners is gohon kumite. The defender
steps back each time, blocking the attacks and performing a
counterattack after the last block. This activity looks nothing like
the jiyu kumite (or "free sparring") practiced by more advanced
practitioners, which is far closer to how karate would look if
used in a real fight, especially because it is not choreographed.
Karate and other forms of martial arts have various other types
of kumite (e.g. 3 step, 1-step, semi-free, etc.) which span this
large range in
Types of Kumite
Ippon kumite - one step sparring, typically used for self
defense drills
Sanbon kumite - three step sparring, typically used to
develop speed, strength, and technique
Kiso kumite - structured sparring drawn from a kata
Jiyu kumite - free sparring
Delivering strikes
Many schools feel it is important that karateka "pull their
punches". Karate training is designed to give its practitioners
the ability to deliver devastating power through techniques like
punches and kicks. Often the aim of training is that each single
strike should be enough to subdue the opponent. However, this
clearly would make it difficult to train due to the possibility of
injury.
3.3.3 Kumite
KUMITE
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Many beginners, while sparring, will be instructed to develop
control and accuracy first, then speed and power later. In doing
this, it may seem like the student is pulling his punches, when
actually, he is developing technique first. For injury purposes,
certain targets are discouraged, like strikes to the knee and
face contact for low ranks.
Many schools prohibit strikes to the groin, while others allow it
completely. Some schools might limit contact to light contact all
around, while others may employ power usage based on rank.
Some karate schools focus more on sparring whilst wearing
protective gear so that strikes can be delivered with their full
power. Most karate clubs and most styles of karate make use of
some sparring with control and some sparring with protective
gear (from just gloves and feet gear up to full head and even
chest guards such as with Tae Kwon Do).
Even in full contact karate, punches are often "pulled" to some
slight extent in training to minimize the occurrence of injuries
that would interrupt practice for the participating students, but
usually that will depend on rank, age, gender and school.
Nevertheless, it is believed by many that practicing either type
of sparring allows the martial artist to develop both control and
experience in delivering powerful strikes against an opponent.
However, many practitioners of full contact karate believe that
full contact/full force strikes and kicks should be employed as
much as possible because they believe that "pulling" the strikes
can have a negative effect on the striking power of the karate
practitioner.
However, a few more traditional clubs that never use protective
gear for sparring (except groin and mouth guards that protect
against accidental injuries) argue that a karateka will not be
able to make their most powerful strike when sparring in the
dojo (against a friend whom they no doubt do not want to injure)
even if this opponent is wearing protective clothing.
Therefore, the karateka will still be using some level of control,
as is obviously necessary, and cannot truly capture the spirit of
one lethal strike whilst sparring. Except for a life or death selfdefense situation, the spirit and power of the single lethal strike
can only be achieved when a karateka does not have to avoid
injuring their training partner. The traditionalists therefore argue
that there is no benefit to sparring with more forceful strikes.
However in Kyokushin Karate no padding is used and fighters
don't "pull their punches" as fights are finished by knock out.
Competition
In some forms of competition kumite, punching ("tsuki") and
kicking ("geri") techniques are allowed at the head ("jodan") and
abdomen ("chudan"). In some tournaments, groin strikes are
allowed as are face contact with advanced ranks.[citation
needed] One example of a scoring system is that the first
competitor to take eight points in three minutes wins the bout.
Kumite is an essential part of karate training, and free sparring
is often experienced as exciting, because both opponents have
to react and adapt to each other very quickly.
In tournaments Kumite often takes place inside of a 'ringed'
area similar to that of a boxing ring. If a karateka steps out of
the ring, they are given a warning. If they step out of the ring
two times, the other person gains a point. Many international
tournaments use a "point sparring" form of kumite that requires
control ('pulling punches') and therefore warnings can be dealt
for excessive force on techniques to the head, or sensitive
areas. Full contact is permitted to the torso area of the body
only. Some tournament rules allow for light contact to the head,
whereas other rules do not allow this.
Kumite also includes a series of guidelines that, if followed
correctly, result in a clean and safe fight. These are some of
those guidelines:
A karateka must remain in some form of proper fighting
stance and in the Kamae-Te position (hands up, ready to fight
position)
A karateka must be aware of all obstacles around him/her
A karateka must never deliberately endanger themselves by
turning their back to their opponent
A practiced and well trained karateka must concentrate on
stance and footwork
For the last point about stance and footwork: it is often taught
that a karateka who wishes to be fast and agile while competing
in Kumite should always be 'pulsing'. Pulsing is where the
karateka remains almost bouncing on the balls of their feet to
maintain minimal frictional contact with the ground, allowing
them to move quickly.
Another aspect of Kumite which is often seen in international
tournaments, as well as many local competitions is what is
referred to as clashing.[citation needed] Clashing is where both
opponents throw techniques against each other at the same
time, often resulting in both getting hit with the techniques. This
creates a problem for referees as they are unable to make out
which technique was quick, on target and recoiled - all the
things that constitute a clean technique that is scored.
Because of clashing, most modern day Karateka's are taught to
practice kumite in a 'one for one' situation where one attacks,
then the other attacks and so on. However due to the speed of
these techniques, and the speed of the footwork of each
Karateka, to the casual observer it may appear that they are
still clashing when in fact they are not. When opponents are
considered to be clashing, the head referee should declare
"aiuchi" which means "simultaneous hit". When a winner is
decided, the referee will announce "no kachi" which means "~'s
win".
The tournament rules of full contact or "knockdown" styles of
karate often don't award any points for controlled techniques
delivered to the opponent. In fact, they usually don't award
points for full force techniques delivered to the opponent either.
Instead, points are only awarded for knocking, sweeping, or
throwing your opponent to the floor. Kyokushinkai and its
"offshoot" karate organizations are the styles usually known to
promote knockdown tournament rules. They believe this type of
tournament competition is closer to "real life" personal combat,
although still in a tournament setting with rules.
Criticisms against point sparring or tournament sparring are
many and widespread.The most obvious is the quickness vs.
skill argument whereas the tournament fighter learns how to
shoot in quickly and deliver an unimpressive strike that gains
him or her a point. This is seen mainly in Olympic style fighting
such as with Tae Kwon Do. The other criticism is the face
contact, which allows for disqualification if the opponent's face
is discolored. This is a rather dubious requirement as it is
oftentimes difficult to gauge the true intensity of the attack.
Last, tournament or point sparring is seen as sport and sport
alone. Traditionalists may dismiss it as "useless", but modern
dojos often band with other dojos to form organizations that
utilize a tournament circuit as a way to promote their dojos.
Points
Most high school karate associations use the following point
scheme:
1 point: hitting the adversary's abdomen or head with your
fists.
2 points: kicking the adversary's abdomen.
3 points: kicking the adversary's head.
International competition under the World Karate Federation
also includes the following point scoring:
2 points: punching or kicking the adversary's back.
3 points: for a sweep/takedown with a follow up technique
such as a stomp or a punch.(Any sweep/takedown that is not
followed up with a technique may be ruled to be a dangerous
technique that can result in a warning against the instigator of
that sweep/takedown.).
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RANK
In 1924 Gichin Funakoshi, founder of
Shotokan Karate, adopted the Dan
system from judo founder Jigoro Kano
using a rank scheme with a limited set of
belt colors. Other Okinawan teachers also
adopted
this
practice.
In the Kyū/Dan system the beginner
grades start with a higher numbered kyū
(e.g., 10th Kyū or Jukyū) and progress
toward a lower numbered kyū. The Dan
progression continues from 1st Dan
(Shodan, or 'beginning dan') to the higher dan grades.
Kyū-grade karateka are referred to as "color belt" or mudansha
("ones without dan/rank"). Dan-grade karateka are referred to
as yudansha (holders of dan/rank). Yudansha typically wear a
black belt. Requirements of rank differ among styles,
organizations, and schools. Kyū ranks stress stance, balance,
and coordination. Speed and power are added at higher
grades.
Minimum age and time in rank are factors affecting promotion.
Testing consists of demonstration of techniques before a panel
of examiners. This will vary by school, but testing may include
everything learned at that point, or just new information.
The demonstration is an application for new rank (shinsa) and
may include kata, bunkai, self-defense, routines, tameshiwari
(breaking),
and/or
kumite
(sparring).
List
of
Kyū
ranks
Some martial arts refer to the kyū ranks entirely in Japanese.
Kyū ranks progress using a descending order system, so 1st
kyū is the highest. For example, the first kyū outranks the 2nd
kyū. The Dan ranking system starts after 1st kyū. Essentially,
the kyū is the number of steps before reaching mastery
whereas
the
dan
gives
steps
into
mastery.
3.3.4 Rank
RANK
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Pre-1st kyū and pre-2nd kyū are used in examinations of
languages, because it is often hard to pass the examinations at
1st
and
2nd
kyū.
The lowest kyū is sometimes called "Mukyū"(無級) which
means "Non-Grade" in English. The lowest kyū depends on
organizations. For instance, the United States Judo Federation
has 12th kyū as the lowest grade for junior class, and 7th kyū
as
the
lowest
for
adult
class.
In Japan, the difficulty is classified into 3 categories as in the
following list.
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3.3.5 Dojo Kun
DOJO KUN
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DOJO KUN
Dojo kun is a Japanese martial arts term
literally meaning (training hall) rules. They
are generally posted at the entrance to
dojo or at the "front" of the dojo (shomen)
and outline behaviour expected and
disallowed. In some styles of martial arts
they are recited at the end of a class.
Shotokan
Karate
Generally accredited to Gichin Funakoshi
(but rumoured to have been created by
Kanga Sakukawa, an 18th century
Okinawan karate proponent) the Shotokan Karate dojo kun
serves as a set of five guiding principles, recited at the end of
each Shotokan training session, intended to frame the practice
within
an
ethical
context.
The five rules are:

一、人格完成に努むること (hitotsu, jinkaku kansei
ni tsutomuru koto)

一、誠の道を守ること (hitotsu, makoto no michi wo
mamoru koto)

一、努力の精神を養うこと
(hitotsu,
doryōku
no
(hitotsu,
reigi
wo
seishin wo yashinau koto)

一、礼儀を重んずること
omonzuru koto)

一、血気の勇を戒むること (hitotsu, kekki no yū wo
imashimuru koto)
The word Hitotsu means "one" or "first" and is prepended to
each rule to place it at the same level of importance as the
others. The word koto which ends each rule means "thing" and
is
used
as
a
conjunction
between
rules.
Interpretations
Varying translations and interpretations of the dojo kun exist.
Each translation differs in the terms used and the
interpretations vary regarding the philosophical depth, meaning,
and
intention.
The population of English karate practitioners has pushed one
form of the translation into being the most widely accepted
outside of Japan. Generally, the English translation states:

Each person must strive for the completion of
one's character

Each person must be faithful and protect the way
of truth

Each person must endeavour (fostering the spirit
of effort)

Each person must respect others and the rules of
etiquette

Each person must refrain from violent behavior
(guard against impetuous courage)

A more terse translation is used by the ISKF and
JKA:

Strive
for
completion
of
character
(or
Seek
perfection of character)

Be Faithful

Endeavor

Respect others

Refrain from violent behaviour
The dojo kun also appears in various other martial arts styles,
with alterations according to the general precepts of that style.
Goju
Ryu
In Goju Ryu the Dojo Kun consists of eight rules and are (in
English) as follows:

One thing: Be humble and polite.

One
thing:
Train
considering
your
physical
strength.

One thing: Practice earnestly with creativity.

One thing: Be calm and swift.

One thing: Take care of your health.

One thing: Live a plain life.

One thing: Do not be too proud or modest.

One thing: Continue your training with patience.
Ryu-te
In Ryu-te the Dojo Kun consists of five rules and are (in
English) as follows:

Strive for good moral character.

Keep an honest and sincere way.

Cultivate perseverance through a will for striving.

Develop a respectful attitude.

Restrain
physical
ability
through
spiritual
attainment.
Bushido
In Bushido the Dojo Kun consists of five rules and are (in
English) as follows:

Loyalty is the essential duty of the soldier.

Courage is essential since the trait of the fighting
man is his spirit to win.

Valor is a trait to be admired and encouraged in
the modern warrior.

Faithfulness in keeping one's word.

Simplicity is a samurai virtue.
Budōkan
In Budōkan the Dojo Kun consists of four rules and are (in
English) as follows:

Show courtesy, respect and honesty towards
others.

Develop confidence through knowledge, honesty
and strength.

Never use violence for personal gain.

Seek perfection of character.
Derivation
The Dojo kun was derived from Gichin Funakoshi's The Twenty
Guiding Principles of Karate, or niju kun, by JKA officials. It is
used by many as a condensed form of Sensei Funakoshi's 20
precepts.
In Shotokan or any other styles, the main purpose of learning
karate is:

to practice courtesy

be able to speak out (Increase self-confidence)

train focus to reach objectives

train guidance ability

train resistance against pressure

train speaking ability

train spirit of strive

train harmony characteristic

success or failure is not important
The 3 most important spirits in dojo is:

say yes to obey

say thanks to appreciate

say sorry to increase introspection.
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3.4 Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY
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PHILOSOPHY
Gichin Funakoshi interpreted the
"kara" of Karate-dō to mean "to
purge oneself of selfish and evil
thoughts. For only with a clear
mind and conscience can the
practitioner
understand
the
knowledge which he receives."
Funakoshi believed that one
should be "inwardly humble and
outwardly gentle." Only by behaving humbly can one be open
to Karate's many lessons. This is done by listening and being
receptive to criticism. He considered courtesy of prime
importance. He said that "Karate is properly applied only in
those rare situations in which one really must either down
another
or
be
downed
by
him."
Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use
Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps
once in a lifetime. He stated that Karate practitioners must
"never be easily drawn into a fight." It is understood that one
blow from a real expert could mean death. It is clear that those
who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon
themselves. He promoted the character trait of personal
conviction.
In "time of grave public crisis, one must have the courage ... to
face a million and one opponents." He taught that
indecisiveness is a weakness.
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ETYMOLOGY
Karate was originally written as
"Chinese hand" (唐手 literally
"Tang dynasty hand") in kanji.
It was later changed to a
homophone meaning empty
hand (空手). The original use
of the word "karate" in print is
attributed to Ankō Itosu; he
wrote it as "唐手". The Tang
Dynasty of China ended in AD
907, but the kanji representing
it remains in use in Japanese
language referring to China
generally, in such words as "唐
街" meaning Chinatown. Thus the word "karate" was originally a
way
of
expressing
"martial
art
from
China."
Since there are no written records it is not known definitely
whether the kara in karate was originally written with the
character 唐 meaning China or the character 空 meaning
empty. During the time when admiration for China and things
Chinese was at its height in the Ryūkyūs it was the custom to
use the former character when referring to things of fine quality.
Influenced by this practice, in recent times karate has begun to
be written with the character 唐 to give it a sense of class or
elegance.
—Gichin
Funakoshi.
The first documented use of a homophone of the logogram
pronounced kara by replacing the Chinese character meaning
"Tang Dynasty" with the character meaning "empty" took place
in Karate Kumite written in August 1905 by Chōmo Hanashiro
(1869–1945). Sino-Japanese relations have never been very
good, and especially at the time of the Japanese invasion of
Manchuria, referring to the Chinese origins of karate was
considered
politically
incorrect.
In 1933, the Okinawan art of karate was recognized as a
Japanese martial art by the Japanese Martial Arts Committee
known as the "Butoku Kai". Until 1935, "karate" was written as
"唐手" (Chinese hand). But in 1935, the masters of the various
styles of Okinawan karate conferred to decide a new name for
their art. They decided to call their art "karate" written in
Japanese
characters
as
"空手"
(empty
hand).
3.5 Etymology
ETYMOLOGY
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Another nominal development is the addition of dō (道:どう) to
the end of the word karate. Dō is a suffix having numerous
meanings including road, path, route, and way. It is used in
many martial arts that survived Japan's transition from feudal
culture to modern times. It implies that these arts are not just
fighting systems but contain spiritual elements when promoted
as disciplines. In this context dō is usually translated as "the
way of ___". Examples include aikido, judo, kyudo, and kendo.
Thus karatedō is more than just empty hand techniques. It is
"The Way Of The Empty Hand".
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 Canada
 USA
 Korea
 United Kingdom
 Italy
 France
3.6 Its Influence Outside Japan
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3.6.1 Canada
CANADA
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CANADA
Karate began in Canada in the
1930s and 1940s as Japanese
people immigrated to the
country. Karate was practised
quietly without a large amount
of organization. During the
Second World War, many
Japanese Canadian families
were moved to the interior of
British
Columbia.
Masaru Shintani, at the age of 13, began to study Shorin-Ryu
karate in the Japanese camp under Kitigawa. In 1956 after 9
years of training with Kitigawa, Shintani travelled to Japan and
met Hironori Otsuka (Wado Ryu). In 1958 Otsuka invited
Shintani to join his organization Wado Kai, and in 1969 he
asked Shintani to officially call his style Wado.
In Canada during this same time, karate was also introduced by
Masami Tsuruoka who had studied in Japan in the 1940s under
Tsuyoshi Chitose. In 1954 Tsuruoka initiated the first karate
competition in Canada and laid the foundation for the National
Karate
Association.
In the late 1950s Shintani moved to Ontario and began
teaching karate and judo at the Japanese Cultural Centre in
Hamilton. In 1966 he began (with Otsuka's endorsement) the
Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation. During the 1970s Otsuka
appointed Shintani the Supreme Instructor of Wado Kai in North
America.
In 1979, Otsuka publicly promoted Shintani to hachidan (8th
dan) and privately gave him a kudan certificate (9th dan), which
was revealed by Shintani in 1995. Shintani and Otsuka visited
each other in Japan and Canada several times, the last time in
1980 two years prior to Otsuka's death. Shintani died May 7,
2000.
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3.6.2 USA
USA
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USA
After World War II, members
of the US military learned
karate in Okinawa or Japan
and then opened schools in
the USA. In 1945 Robert Trias
opened the first dojo in the
United States in Phoenix,
Arizona, a Shuri-ryū karate
dojo. In the 1950s, Edward Kaloudis, William Dometrich (Chitōryū), Ed Parker (Kenpo), Cecil Patterson (Wadō-ryū), Gordon
Doversola (Okinawa-te), Louis Kowlowski, Don Nagle (Isshinryū), George Mattson (Uechi-ryū), Paul Arel (Sankata,
Kyokushin, and Kokondo) and Peter Urban (Gōjū-kai) all began
instructing
in
the
US.
Tsutomu Ohshima began studying karate while a student at
Waseda University, beginning in 1948, and became captain of
the university's karate club in 1952. He trained under
Shotokan's founder, Gichin Funakoshi, until 1953. Funakoshi
personally awarded Ohshima his sandan (3rd degree black
belt)
rank
in
1952.
In 1957 Ohshima received his godan (fifth degree black belt),
the highest rank awarded by Funakoshi. This remains the
highest rank in SKA. In 1952, Ohshima formalized the judging
system used in modern karate tournaments. However, he
cautions students that tournaments should not be viewed as an
expression
of
true
karate
itself.
Ohshima left Japan in 1955 to continue his studies at UCLA. He
led his first U.S. practice in 1956 and founded the first university
karate club in the United States at Caltech in 1957. In 1959 he
founded the Southern California Karate Association (SCKA), as
additional Shotokan dojos opened. The organization was
renamed
Shotokan
Karate
of
America
in
1969.
In the 1960s, Jay Trombley (Gōjū-ryū), Anthony Mirakian (Gōjūryū), Steve Armstrong, Bruce Terrill, Richard Kim (Shorinji-ryū),
Teruyuki Okazaki (Shotokan), John Pachivas, Allen Steen, Sea
Oh Choi (Hapkido), Gosei Yamaguchi (Gōjū-ryū), Mike Foster
(Chito-ryu/Yoshukai) and J. Pat Burleson all began teaching
martial
arts
around
the
country.
In 1961 Hidetaka Nishiyama, a co-founder of the JKA and
student of Gichin Funakoshi, began teaching in the United
States, founding afterwards the International Traditional Karate
Federation (ITKF). Takayuki Mikami were sent to New Orleans
by
the
JKA
in
1963.
In 1964, Takayuki Kubota, founder of Gosoku-ryū, relocated the
International Karate Association from Tokyo to California.
Seido
Karate
was
founded
by
Tadashi
Nakamura.
In 1970 Paul Arel founded Kokondo Karate which is a sister
style of Jukido Jujitsu developed in 1959. Kokondo synthesized
techniques and kata from Arel's previous experience in Isshin
Ryu, Sankata & Kyokushin Karate.
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3.6.3 Korea
KOREA
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KOREA
Due to past conflict between
Korea and Japan, most notably
during
the
Japanese
occupation in the early 20th
century, the influence of karate
in Korea is a contentious issue.
From 1910 until 1945, Korea
was annexed to the Japanese
Empire. It was during this time
that many of the Korean
martial arts masters of the 20th century were exposed to
Japanese
karate.
After regaining independence from Japan, many Korean martial
arts schools that opened up in the 1940s and 50's were
founded by masters who had trained in karate in Japan as part
of
their
martial
arts
training.
Won Kuk Lee, a Korean student of Funakoshi founded the first
martial arts school after Japanese Occupation of Korea in
1944-5 called Chung Do Kwan. Having studied under Gichin
Funakoshi at Chuo University, Lee had incorporated taekkyon,
kungfu and karate in the martial art that he taught which he
called "Tang Soo Do", the Korean transliteration of the Chinese
characters for "Way of Chinese Hand" (手道). Chung Do Kwan
was first of the various martial arts schools that opened in
Korea following the period of Japanese Occupation.
In the mid-1950s the martial arts school were unified under
President Rhee Syngman's order and became taekwondo
under the leadership of Choi Hong Hi and a committee of
Korean masters. Choi, a significant figure in taekwondo history,
had also studied karate under Funakoshi Gichin. Karate also
provided an important comparative model for the early founders
of taekwondo in the formalization of their art including kata and
the
belt
rank
system.
Original taekwondo hyung were identical to karate kata.
Eventually original Korean forms (poomse, hyung) were
developed
by
individual
schools
and
associations.
Although WTF (Olympic) and ITF forms are prevalent
throughout the taekwondo world, there are still karate, tang soo
do, schools where Japanese kihon and kata are regularly
practiced as they were originally conveyed to Won Kuk Lee and
his contemporaries from Funakoshi.
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3.6.4 United Kingdom
UNITED KINGDOM
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UNITED KINGDOM
In 1965, Tatsuo Suzuki began
teaching Wadō-ryū in London.
In 1966, members of the
former
British
Karate
Federation established the
Karate Union of Great Britain
(KUGB)
under
Hirokazu
Kanazawa as chief instructor
and
affiliated
to
JKA.
Keinosuke Enoeda came to
England at the same time as
Kanazawa, teaching at a dojo
in Liverpool. Kanazawa left the
UK after 3 years and Enoeda
took
over.
After Enoeda’s death in 2003,
the KUGB elected Andy
Sherry as Chief Instructor. Shortly after this, a new association
split off from KUGB, JKA England. An earlier significant split
from the KUGB took place in 1991 when a group led by KUGB
senior instructor Steve Cattle formed the English Shotokan
Academy
(ESA).
The aim of this group was to follow the teachings of Taiji Kase,
formerly the JKA chief instructor in Europe, who along with
Hiroshi Shirai created the World Shotokan Karate-do Academy
(WKSA), in 1989 in order to pursue the teaching of “Budo”
karate as opposed to what he viewed as “sport karate”.
Kase sought to return the practice of Shotokan Karate to its
martial roots, reintroducing amongst other things open hand
and throwing techniques that had been side lined as the result
of competition rules introduced by the JKA. Both the ESA and
the WKSA (renamed the Kase-Ha Shotokan-Ryu Karate-do
Academy (KSKA) after Kase’s death in 2004) continue following
this
path
today.
In 1975 Great Britain became the first team ever to take the
World male team title from Japan after being defeated the
previous year in the final.
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3.6.5 Italy
ITALY
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ITALY
Hiroshi Shirai, one of the original
instructors sent by the J.K.A. to
Europe along with Kase, Enoeda
and Kanazawa, moved to Italy in
1965 and quickly established a
Shotokan enclave that spawned
several instructors who in their turn
soon spread the style all over the
country. By 1970 Shotokan karate
was the most spread martial art in
Italy
apart
from
Judo.
Other styles such as Wado Ryu, Goju Ryu and Shito Ryu,
although present and well established in Italy, were never able
to break the monopoly of Shotokan. As of 2012, Shirai still
teaches daily in Milan, and has his own Federation. Shotokan
schools in Italy have always been very litigious and divided,
therefore federations have been born and been closed (or
transformed) several times in the last 40 years.
Today there are at least 7 major Shotokan federations, differing
in policy and statute rather than techniques, and some minor
ones, along with federeations of other karate styles, the last of
which to be created being the Kyokushin federation of Italy.
There is a karate school or dojo in virtually every single
municipality and town in Italy, the majority of which use school
gyms
as
their
primary
venue.
The most widely known senior masters of Italian karate today
are Carlo Fugazza, Enzo Montanari, Nino Tammaccaro,
Roberto Fassi, Ennio Falsoni, all of them original Shirai pupils
from the mid-1960s.
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3.6.6 France
FRANCE
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FRANCE
France Shotokan Karate was
created in 1964 by Tsutomu
Ohshima. It is affiliated with
another of his organizations,
Shotokan Karate of America
(SKA).
However, in 1965 Taiji Kase
came from Japan along with
Enoeda and Shirai, who went
to
England
and
Italy
respectively, and karate came under the influence of the JKA.
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3.7 Film Actors
FILM ACTORS
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FILM STARS
Karate spread rapidly in the
West through popular culture.
In 1950s popular fiction, karate
was at times described to
readers
in
near-mythical
terms, and it was credible to
show Western experts of
unarmed combat as unaware
of Eastern martial arts of this kind. By the 1970s, martial arts
films had formed a mainstream genre that propelled karate and
other Asian martial arts into mass popularity.
The Karate Kid (1984) and its sequels The Karate Kid, Part II
(1986), The Karate Kid, Part III (1989) and The Next Karate Kid
(1994) are films relating the fictional story of an American
adolescent's
introduction
into
karate.
Karate Kommandos, an animated children's show, with Chuck
Norris himself appearing to reveal the episode and the moral
contained in the episode.
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4 Contact Us
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Dojo Name :
Address :
Telephone Number :
Website Address :
Email :
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